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How do community responses from global south contribute to climate justice and resilience debate? 来自全球南方的社区反应如何促进气候正义和恢复力的辩论?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210148vu2021l5rs
Fabiana Barbi Seleguim
Abstract “Towards a just climate change resilience: Developing resilient, anticipatory and inclusive community response” fills an important gap in literature about climate justice and community responses by focusing its lenses in the global south. Designedly, the chapters cover the issue in all the continents where territories and their populations are located in the global south: Brazil and Uruguay (South America), Bangladesh (Asia), Mozambique (Africa) and Solomon Islands (Oceania). The biggest lesson learned from the cases is that strengthening the role of communities and multi-stakeholder coalitions is essential to reduce the injustices and inequalities inherent in anthropogenic climate change, in the face of deforestation, water contamination, declining catches, political instabilities and other economic impacts.
《走向公正的气候变化复原力:发展有复原力、前瞻性和包容性的社区应对》通过聚焦全球南方,填补了气候正义和社区应对方面的重要文献空白。这些章节有意涵盖全球南部领土及其人口所在的所有大陆的问题:巴西和乌拉圭(南美洲)、孟加拉国(亚洲)、莫桑比克(非洲)和所罗门群岛(大洋洲)。从这些案例中吸取的最大教训是,面对森林砍伐、水污染、渔获量下降、政治不稳定和其他经济影响,加强社区和多利益攸关方联盟的作用对于减少人为气候变化所固有的不公正和不平等至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Participatory Land Governance in Mozambique: Brief Review of the Legal Framework and the Implementation Challenge 莫桑比克参与式土地治理:简要回顾法律框架和实施挑战
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210163vu2021l5id
A. Salomão
Abstract A commitment to democracy and popular participation in the national development has been a central principle in all Mozambican Constitutions and a consistent directive in government policies and laws. To test the extent to which this principle has been materialized in the land sector, this paper provides a general overview of Mozambique’s recent history and the role reserved for land in the formation of the state and in materialization of democratic governance. The paper concludes that more than any other factor, political party interference in public affairs has shaped the identity and performance of the Mozambican state, setting the stage for a complex interaction between the government, local people and private investors that has jeopardized the great potential of the national land policy and law to promote effective and sustainable participatory development processes.
对民主和民众参与国家发展的承诺是莫桑比克所有宪法的中心原则,也是政府政策和法律的一贯指示。为了检验这一原则在土地部门实现的程度,本文概述了莫桑比克近代史,以及土地在国家形成和民主治理实现过程中所扮演的角色。本文的结论是,政党对公共事务的干预比任何其他因素都更能塑造莫桑比克国家的身份和表现,为政府、当地人民和私人投资者之间复杂的互动创造了条件,这损害了国家土地政策和法律促进有效和可持续参与性发展进程的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability Assessment of Sanitation Indicators in the PCJ Watersheds 2020-2035 Plan PCJ流域2020-2035年规划卫生指标可持续性评价
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200247vu2021l4de
João Miguel Merces Bega, André do Vale Borges, C. D. Lago, Jakeline Pertile Mendes, Paulo de Tarso de Azevedo, Welington José Rocha dos Santos, Duarcides Ferreira Mariosa
Abstract Understanding how variables that integrate sustainability indexes behave is essential due to the limitation of natural resources under a growing demand. Based on case study and exploratory research techniques, this paper aimed to analyze the levels of collected and treated wastewater in the PCJ Basins Water Resources Plan for the 2020-35 period. We sought to validate the indicators based on Gibson’s sustainability principles, relating them to the 6.2 and 6.3 targets of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. It was concluded that the indicators are important to evaluate processes to achieve SDG 6. However, the indicators have flaws and can mask important information, preventing more assertive decision making. The target to achieve the 2035 reference scenario was found to be valid for four of Gibson’s sustainability principles.
由于自然资源的有限性,在不断增长的需求下,理解整合可持续性指标的变量的行为是至关重要的。采用案例研究和探索性研究相结合的方法,对PCJ流域2020-35年水资源规划中收集和处理的废水水平进行了分析。我们试图根据Gibson的可持续性原则验证这些指标,并将它们与可持续发展目标(SDG) 6的6.2和6.3目标联系起来。结论是,这些指标对于评估实现可持续发展目标6的进程非常重要。然而,这些指标有缺陷,可能会掩盖重要信息,从而阻碍更果断的决策。实现2035年参考情景的目标被发现对吉布森的四个可持续性原则是有效的。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial N° 04/2021 Water: An Urgent Matter for Brazil 社论N°04/2021水:巴西面临的紧迫问题
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoceditorialvu2021l4ed
D. D. M. Conti
Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries of the world (UNEP, 2019), but is going through a serious environmental imbalance, motivated by the current institutional crisis of the Ministry of the Environment (MMA, by its acronym in Portuguese), which has resulted in the reduction of Councils and decision-making bodies of the Ministry, discourses of denial of environmental policies relevance, breakdown of tools and environmental policies (CAPELARI et al., 2020).This is an unprecedented movement that jeopardizes natural resources preservation, wild fauna and flora and the planet. The production of scientific knowledge is key in a moment of misinformation, acting as an important foundation for decision-making, as well as for the development of public policies. [...]we present in this session two articles that were awarded in the International Workshop entitled: II Sustentare e V WIPIS - Workshop Internacional sobre Indicadores de Sustentabilidade, which provide an important discussion on water. [...]sustainability is a multifaceted phenomenon and requires an interdisciplinary construction to create systemic actions to face historical and complex problems (CONTI, 2020;DE BENEDICTO et al. 2020). [...]Municipalities, States, and the Federal Government should treat it as a priority, in order to provide living and development conditions for current and future generations.
巴西是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一(联合国环境规划署,2019年),但由于环境部(葡萄牙语缩写为MMA)当前的体制危机,导致该部门的理事会和决策机构减少,否认环境政策相关性的话语,工具和环境政策的崩溃(CAPELARI等人,2020年),正在经历严重的环境失衡。这是一个前所未有的运动,危及自然资源保护,野生动植物和地球。在存在错误信息的时刻,科学知识的产生是关键,它是决策和制定公共政策的重要基础。[…]我们在本届会议上提出了两篇在国际研讨会上获奖的文章,题为:II Sustentare e V WIPIS -国际可持续发展严肃指标研讨会,这两篇文章对水问题进行了重要讨论。[…可持续性是一个多方面的现象,需要跨学科的构建来创造系统的行动来面对历史和复杂的问题(CONTI, 2020;DE BENEDICTO et al. 2020)。[…市政当局、各州和联邦政府应将其视为优先事项,以便为今世后代提供生活和发展条件。
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引用次数: 0
Territorialization of the REDD + strategy in the Bribri indigenous people, Talamanca, Costa Rica REDD +战略在哥斯达黎加塔拉曼卡Bribri土著人民中的属地化
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422ASOC20180231R2VU2021L1AO
Maritza Marín-Herrera, H. Correa-Correa, Gustavo Blanco-Wells
Abstract This article explores how the attempt of implementing REDD+ affects the livelihoods and nature valuation of the Bribri indigenous people in Talamanca, Costa Rica. The analysis is done using a case study, discourse analysis and collective hermeneutics in documents and interviews produced by international, national, and local social actors. Controversies in the REDD+ strategy have been manifested in the initiative’s de/re/territorialization processes. These processes are legitimized by technocratic discursive strategies associated with climate change mitigation, produced in multilateral negotiations, and adapted by national institutions for purposes not aligned with the interests of the communities. It is concluded that the implementation of REDD + in indigenous territories in Costa Rica gives way to i) the commoditization of nature, participation and traditional forms of governance; ii) the consolidation of a climate eco-governmentality based on the fragmentation of nature; iii) building representations of vulnerable and impoverished indigenous people, and thus justifying intervention in their territories.
本文探讨了实施REDD+的尝试如何影响哥斯达黎加塔拉曼卡Bribri土著居民的生计和自然价值。分析是通过案例研究、话语分析和集体解释学来完成的,这些解释学来自于国际、国家和地方社会行动者的文件和访谈。REDD+战略中的争议已经体现在该倡议的去/再/领土化过程中。与减缓气候变化有关的技术官僚话语战略使这些进程合法化,这些战略在多边谈判中产生,并由国家机构为不符合社区利益的目的加以调整。结论是,在哥斯达黎加土著地区实施REDD +让位于1)自然、参与和传统治理形式的商品化;Ii)巩固以自然破碎化为基础的气候生态治理;Iii)建立弱势和贫困土著人民的代表,从而为在其领土上的干预辩护。
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引用次数: 1
CONFLICTS BY WATER RESOURCE USE AND THE CASE OF ARARAQUARA-SP 水资源利用冲突与野生动物案例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190100r3vu2021l3ao
Larissa Camerlengo Dias Gomes, N.N.B. Salvador, Helena Carvalho de Lorenzo
Abstract This work presents hydric conflicts in Brazil, its causes and effects and the case of conflicts related to the supply and demand of groundwater in the municipality of Araraquara, Brazil. In this municipality, the situation is classified as critical by the Tietê-Jacaré Basin Committee, to which it belongs. The main factors that cause conflicts in Araraquara and the key actors involved were identified. The demands of groundwater users were determined and the users responsible for most of the total demand were identified by the ABC Method. These users, even in small number, are the main potential causers for the conflicts, involving public and private water supply. Public policies related to water resources and conflicts management are also discussed and measures for conflict attenuation are proposed. Such measures should be implemented by key actors and the main groundwater users involved.
摘要:本工作介绍了巴西的水力冲突,其原因和影响,以及与巴西阿拉拉夸拉市地下水供需有关的冲突。在这个城市,情况被它所属的Tietê-Jacaré流域委员会列为危急。查明了在阿拉拉夸拉引起冲突的主要因素和所涉及的主要行动者。利用ABC法确定了地下水用户的需要量,并确定了需要量最大的用户。这些使用者,即使人数很少,也是冲突的主要潜在原因,涉及公共和私人供水。讨论了与水资源和冲突管理相关的公共政策,并提出了缓解冲突的措施。这些措施应由主要行为者和有关的主要地下水使用者执行。
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引用次数: 1
Plunder and resistance in traditionally occupied territories of the Tapajós and Trombetas basins, Pará state, Brazilian Amazonia 巴西亚马逊河流域帕尔<e:1>州Tapajós和Trombetas盆地传统占领区的掠夺和抵抗
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200095r1vu2021l3ao
B. Rocha, Diego Amoedo Martínez, H. Affonso, S. Aragón, Vinicius Honorato de Oliveira, Ricardo Scoles
Abstract In understanding contemporary Latin America, a critical post-developmental approach is particularly relevant. This approach closely links modernity to coloniality and its debates are permeated by the concept of colonized nature and by trenchant critiques of 21st century neo-extractivism . This article presents the social diversity and biocultural legacies of forest peoples who live in the basins of the Tapajós and Trombetas rivers. We present an analysis of particular areas and locales, to reveal ways that plunder is perpetrated by capital, in collusion with different spheres of the State. This analysis, in turn, allows us to reflect on different forms of forest peoples’ resistance in defence of their traditionally occupied territories and ways of life.
在理解当代拉丁美洲,一个关键的后发展方法是特别相关的。这种方法将现代性与殖民性紧密地联系在一起,它的辩论充满了被殖民性质的概念和对21世纪新榨取主义的尖锐批评。本文介绍了生活在Tapajós和Trombetas河流域的森林民族的社会多样性和生物文化遗产。我们对特定地区和地点进行分析,以揭示资本与国家不同领域勾结进行掠夺的方式。这一分析反过来又使我们能够反思森林人民为保卫其传统上被占领的领土和生活方式而进行的不同形式的抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
The goals of the National Biodiesel Program: between planning and implementation 国家生物柴油计划的目标:从规划到实施
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200088r2vu2021l5ao
Gean Claudio de Souza Santana
Abstract This work evaluated whether the main goals established by the National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) were achieved between 2004 and 2018. For this purpose, reports and surveys prepared by public agencies and soybean producers were used. The results reveal that expectations of improvement in living conditions in rural areas stemming from PNPB implementation were frustrated: there were job losses in agricultural occupations, continuity of rural exodus, increase in land concentration, reduction in the contingent of family farmers, non-inclusion of poor family farmers from the North and Northeast regions. Of the original PNPB goals, only the minimum percentage of biodiesel to diesel was achieved satisfactorily, but dependence on imported diesel increased, even with the development of biodiesel production.
本研究评估了国家生物柴油生产和使用计划(PNPB)在2004年至2018年间是否实现了主要目标。为此目的,利用了公共机构和大豆生产者编写的报告和调查。结果表明,由于实施PNPB而导致的农村生活条件改善的期望受挫:农业职业的失业,农村人口外流的持续,土地集中度的增加,家庭农民队伍的减少,不包括来自北方和东北地区的贫困家庭农民。在最初的PNPB目标中,只有生物柴油占柴油的最低比例得到了满意的实现,但即使随着生物柴油生产的发展,对进口柴油的依赖也在增加。
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引用次数: 2
Benchmarking as a management tool to reduce non-revenue water 标杆管理作为管理工具,以减少非收益水
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200025vu2021l4de
Luis Otavio do Amaral Marques, Rafael B.S. Carvalho, Marcelo Otani Marques de Sa, T. Malheiros
Abstract In concerns of non-revenue water in water supply systems, the benefits arising from the reduction of their indexes directly impact social, economic and environmental spheres, including the expansion of access to clean water. Benchmarking is a management tool already adopted by some countries in this context, aiming to reduce the amount of non-revenue water. The present study aimed to gather information about the application models of this tool, as well as to compare the performance with other countries in which it is also not applied. It was observed that the ideal benchmarking structuring model capable of minimizing these indexes includes less than annual application frequency, partial regulation, absence of confidentiality, gratuity, open and restricted reports to service providers and mean interactivity of the results release. It was also concluded that the countries where benchmarking is practiced have better performances regarding lower levels of non-revenue water.
在供水系统中的非收入水问题中,降低其指标所产生的效益直接影响到社会、经济和环境领域,包括扩大获得清洁水的机会。标杆管理是一些国家在这方面已经采用的一种管理工具,旨在减少非收入水的数量。本研究旨在收集有关该工具的应用模型的信息,并将其与未应用该工具的其他国家的表现进行比较。结果表明,能够使这些指标最小化的理想基准结构模型包括:低于年度应用频率、部分监管、不保密、没有酬金、向服务提供商公开和限制报告以及结果发布的平均交互性。还得出的结论是,实行基准制度的国家在非收入用水水平较低方面表现较好。
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引用次数: 0
Ecofeminist Horizons 生态女权主义视野
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210153vu2021l5nr
Isabella Lamas, Stefania Barca, Bernadete Souza Ferreira, Ivonne Yánez
Abstract Decolonial political ecology embodies far more than mere critique. Rather, decolonial political ecologies allow us to advance transformative proposals, to articulate sophisticated reflections on emancipatory practices, and, above all, to re-imagine future scenarios and horizons. These imagined horizons were articulated by three women from different social contexts: Bernadete Souza Ferreira Santos, a ialorixá peasant and specialist in Rural Education and Agroecology from USP, who works as a ‘popular educator’ in the region of Ilhéus (southern Bahia); Ivonne Yanez, an environmental activist from Ecuador and one of the founders of the organization Acción Ecologica; and Stefania Barca, a scholar in feminist political ecology, originally from Naples (Italy), and currently working at the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra (Portugal). Together, they show us the paths towards emancipatory horizons that can be found at the intersection between Political Ecology and feminism.
非殖民化的政治生态学所体现的远不只是批判。相反,非殖民化的政治生态使我们能够推进变革的建议,对解放实践进行清晰的思考,最重要的是,重新想象未来的情景和视野。来自不同社会背景的三名妇女阐述了这些想象的视野:Bernadete Souza Ferreira Santos是ialorix农民,也是USP的农村教育和农业生态学专家,在伊尔赫萨默斯(巴伊亚州南部)地区担任“流行教育家”;来自厄瓜多尔的环境活动家、Acción生态组织的创始人之一Ivonne Yanez;斯蒂法尼亚·巴萨(Stefania Barca),女权主义政治生态学学者,来自意大利那不勒斯,目前在葡萄牙科英布拉大学社会研究中心工作。总之,他们向我们展示了通往解放视野的道路,可以在政治生态学和女权主义的交叉点上找到。
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引用次数: 0
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Ambiente e Sociedade
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