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Durkheim vu par les collectifs leplaysiens (1893–1926) 勒普莱西安集体眼中的迪尔凯姆(1893 - 1926)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240108
A. Savoye
*Full article is in FrenchFrench abstract:En dépit de l’ostracisme de Durkheim à leur égard, les représentants de la science sociale issue de Le Play n’ont pas ignoré son oeuvre et l’ont commentée – même si laconiquement – dans leurs périodiques, d’une part, La Réforme sociale, d’autre part, La Science sociale et ses dérivés. Les leplaysiens restés dans l’orthodoxie du maître nourrissent – de la Division du travail social aux Fondements élémentaires de la vie religieuse – les mêmes griefs à l’encontre de Durkheim. Volontiers polémiques, ils refusent sa conception du fait social qui, « supérieur et antérieur à l’individu … s’impose à lui avec une force coercitive prépondérante » (Clément, 1915). Leurs critiques perdent cependant de leur virulence après la mort de Durkheim, au fur et à mesure que la sociologie s’avère une science durable dont le projet devient irréfutable. Du côté des partisans de la science sociale renouvelée par Henri de Tourville, l’appréciation de Durkheim est différente. Plus tardive, elle porte sur l’objet de la sociologie et sur la méthode prônée par l’auteur des Règles. Aux yeux des tourvilliens, celui-ci n’emprunte pas, à tort, la « voie royale » de la science sociale : l’enquête par observation directe, et néglige l’outil de coordination des faits sociaux qu’est la nomenclature mise au point par Tourville. Dès lors, les résultats auxquels aboutit Durkheim, par exemple dans les Fondements, sont sujets à caution (Descamps, 1912). La critique des tourvilliens est d’autant plus vive qu’elle se nourrit d’un dépit : Durkheim ne fait aucun cas de leurs travaux (Périer, 1913). Le débat qu’ils auraient souhaité engager n’aura lieu que post mortem, grâce à Bouglé et ses élèves du Centre de documentation sociale (Aron, Polin) qui joueront le jeu, dans les années trente, de la confrontation entre sociologie et science sociale.English abstract:Despite the ostracism he maintained towards them, Le Play’s social science continuers did not ignore Durkheim’s work and commented on it – even if laconically – in their journals. The LePlayists loyal to the master’s orthodoxy raised the same grievances against Durkheim throughout his academic life. They refused to accept his conception of the social fact as superior and prior to the individual, imposing itself on him with a coercive force. Their criticisms, however, were less virulent after Durkheim’s death, as sociology proved a sustainable science whose project had become irrefutable. With the dissident LePlayists, the view is different. Emerging later, it dealt with the object of sociology and the method advocated by the author of the Règles. From the Tourvillians’ point of view, Durkheim’s sociology does not adopt the best path for social science (investigation by direct observation), and neglects its process of coordination of social facts (the nomenclature developed by Tourville). Consequently, Durkheim’s results are questionable. The debate the Tourvillians wanted to have with Durkheim
*全文摘要:尽管迪尔凯姆排斥他们,但来自游戏的社会科学代表并没有忽视他的工作,并在他们的期刊《社会改革》和《社会科学及其衍生物》中对其进行了评论,即使是简洁的评论。Leplaysian仍然信奉大师的正统,从社会分工到宗教生活的基本基础,他们对迪尔凯姆怀有同样的不满。他们乐于争论,拒绝接受他的社会事实概念,即“高于个人,先于个人……以压倒性的强制力强加给他”(Clément,1915)。然而,在迪尔凯姆死后,他们的批评失去了毒力,因为社会学被证明是一门持久的科学,其项目变得无可辩驳。至于亨利·德·图尔维尔(Henri de Tourville)复兴的社会科学的支持者,迪尔凯姆的评价是不同的。后来,它涉及社会学的主题和规则作者倡导的方法。在图尔维尔人看来,这并没有错误地遵循社会科学的“皇家道路”:通过直接观察进行调查,并忽略了协调社会事实的工具,即图尔维尔制定的命名法。因此,迪尔凯姆得出的结果,例如基本结果,值得怀疑(Descamps,1912)。对图尔维利安人的批评更加尖锐,因为它是由一种怨恨滋养的:迪尔凯姆不重视他们的工作(Périer,1913)。由于Bouglé和他在社会文献中心(Aron,Polin)的学生在20世纪30年代玩了社会学和社会科学之间对抗的游戏,他们本想参与的辩论只会在死后进行。英文摘要:尽管他一直受到排斥,但勒普拉的社会科学延续者并没有忽视迪尔凯姆的工作,并在他们的期刊上对此进行了评论,即使是简洁的评论。忠于大师正统的教士们在迪尔凯姆的学术生涯中对他提出了同样的谴责。他们拒绝接受他对社会事实的概念,认为社会事实高于个人,并以强制力将自己强加给个人。然而,他们的批评在迪尔凯姆死后没有那么严厉,因为社会学证明了一门可持续的科学,而这门科学的项目已经变得不可磨灭。对于持不同政见者,观点是不同的。后来出现,它与社会学的目标和规则作者倡导的方法相冲突。从图尔维尔人的角度来看,迪尔凯姆的社会学没有采用社会科学的最佳路径(通过直接观察进行调查),并忽略了其协调社会事实的过程(图尔维尔制定的命名法)。因此,迪尔凯姆的结果值得怀疑。图尔维利亚人希望在死后与迪尔凯姆进行辩论,感谢布格和他在社会文献中心的学生,以及他们在20世纪30年代对迪尔凯姆社会学和社会科学的承诺。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial 编辑
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240101
Jean-Christophe Marcel, M. Bera, Jean-François Bert, François Pizarro Noël
This journal owes its origins to Philippe Besnard, and his initiative in creating from his base in Paris the internationally circulated Bulletin d’études durkheimiennes, produced by him over many years (1977–1987). In going on to become Durkheim Studies in 1988, it remained an internationally distributed bulletin, but now mainly in English and organized in the USA under the direction of Robert Alun Jones. It migrated once again in 1995, to develop as a bilingual journal, Durkheimian Studies / Études durkheimiennes, organized from Britain under a team headed by Bill Pickering and Willie Watts Miller. With this volume we are honoured to assume the editorship of Durkheimian Studies / Études durkheimiennes and in doing so want to acknowledge the legacy of our predecessors.
这份杂志的起源要归功于菲利普·贝斯纳德(Philippe Besnard),他在巴黎的基地首创了《迪尔凯姆恩简报》(Bulletin d’cims durkheimienes),在国际上广为流传,由他制作了多年(1977-1987)。在1988年成为迪尔凯姆研究的过程中,它仍然是一份国际发行的公报,但现在主要是英语的,在罗伯特·阿伦·琼斯的指导下在美国组织。1995年,《迪尔凯姆研究》再次迁移至英国,在比尔·皮克林(Bill Pickering)和威利·沃茨·米勒(Willie Watts Miller)领导的团队的带领下,发展成为一份双语期刊《迪尔凯姆研究》/ Études。与这一卷,我们很荣幸地承担编辑迪尔凯姆研究/ Études迪尔凯姆,并在这样做要承认我们的前辈的遗产。
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引用次数: 0
An Unpublished Manuscript by Durkheim 《迪尔凯姆未发表的手稿
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240104
E. Durkheim, F. Noël, R. Datta
This is the first English translation of Durkheim’s lecture for the first class of the fourth and final year of his course ‘On the General Physics of Law and Morality’. The content from the previous year’s course is contained in Professional Ethics and Civic Morals (Durkheim [1950] 1992). Durkheim discusses the importance of a special theory of sanctions and provides a typology of their negative and positive forms. He makes a case for the sociology of penalties and responsibilities, one based on the examination of their external and visible characteristics. Crucially, Durkheim displaces the ostensible causal importance of the intentions of juridical subjects, whether legislators or wrong-doers. The translation is accompanied by an extended critical introduction by R. P. Datta and Fr. Pizzaro Nöel.
这是涂尔干在其课程“论法律与道德的一般物理学”第四年也是最后一年的第一堂课上的演讲的第一个英文译本。前一年课程的内容载于《职业道德与公民道德》(涂尔干[1950]1992)。涂尔干讨论了一种特殊制裁理论的重要性,并对其消极和积极形式进行了类型学分析。他提出了惩罚和责任社会学的观点,这是基于对其外部和可见特征的考察。至关重要的是,涂尔干取代了法律主体意图的表面因果重要性,无论是立法者还是作恶者。译文附有R.P.Datta和Fr.Pizzaro Nöel的长篇批评性介绍。
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引用次数: 1
Un manuscrit inédit de Durkheim 迪尔凯姆未发表的手稿
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240103
E. Durkheim, Françoise Noël
*Full article is in FrenchFrench abstract:Ce texte daté du 2 décembre 1899 est la première leçon de la quatrième année du cours de Durkheim sur la Physique générale du droit et des moeurs. Il est intitulé Plan du Cours – Les Sanctions pénales. Dans la première partie du texte, Durkheim présente le plan de cette dernière année du cours. Il se propose d’abord de compléter l’étude de l’éthique objective des systèmes de morale familiale, professionnelle, civique et juridique (que nous connaissons parce qu’elles ont été publiées dans les fameuses Leçons de sociologie) par l’étude objective des sanctions et responsabilités. Cette première partie du cours sera consacrée à la théorie spéciale des sanctions (négatives pénales et civiles, positives) et responsabilités. La dernière partie du cours, sa conclusion, portera sur l’éthique subjective. Une fois ce plan de cours exposé, dans la deuxième partie du texte, Durkheim propose une définition sociologique de la sanction pénale qu’il justifie d’abord par la réfutation des définitions de la peine qui postulent un lien entre souffrance et peine. Ensuite, pour illustrer le caractère sociologique et justifier sa définition préalable de la peine, Durkheim commence à présenter une typologie des sanctions négatives (sanctions punitives pénales, publiques ou privées, sanctions restitutives civiles, etc.). Au terme de sa leçon, il considère avoir défini la peine de manière sociologique, c’est-à-dire en s’en tenant aux caractéristiques extérieures les plus saillantes de son objet, sans recourir à l’intention du patient ou du législateur ni à la question de la responsabilité.
*全文为法语摘要:这篇文章日期为1899年12月2日,是迪尔凯姆关于法律和道德的一般物理学课程的第四年的第一课。它的标题是课程计划-刑事制裁。在文本的第一部分,迪尔凯姆提出了课程最后一年的计划。首先,它建议通过对制裁和责任的客观研究来补充对家庭、职业、公民和法律道德体系(我们知道这些体系,因为它们发表在著名的《社会学课程》中)的客观伦理研究。本课程的第一部分将专门讨论制裁(消极的刑事和民事,积极的)和责任的特殊理论。课程的最后一部分是关于主观伦理的。在课程的第二部分,迪尔凯姆提出了刑事制裁的社会学定义,他首先通过驳斥假定痛苦和惩罚之间存在联系的惩罚定义来证明这一点。然后,为了说明其社会学特征并证明其先前对惩罚的定义,迪尔凯姆开始提出一种负面制裁的类型(刑事、公共或私人惩罚性制裁、民事恢复性制裁等)。在他的课程结束时,他认为他已经从社会学的角度定义了惩罚,即坚持其对象最突出的外部特征,而不诉诸于病人或立法者的意图或责任问题。
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引用次数: 2
Durkheim en réunion (1ère partie) 迪尔凯姆会议(上)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240102
M. Béra
*Full article is in FrenchEnglish abstract:Thanks to an original archive, this article aims to characterize Durkheim’s interventions at the Council of Professors in Bordeaux from 1887 to 1902. Frequency, tonality and above all the subjects of interest of his interventions are studied. We are able to see that he paid great attention to the students and their education (i.e. their courses, fees, grants, the problem of the predominance of Latin, proposals for reform of the competitive agrégation in philosophy) but that he was also interested in administrative subjects (modalities of attribution of new courses and new chairs, procedures of the council) and research subjects (subscriptions for the university library, life of the historical and local Annales du Midi). We finally discover that he certainly had administrative ambitions – to become the dean – ended by political circumstances (the Dreyfus Affair).French abstract: Cet article vise à caractériser les interventions de Durkheim aux assemblées des professeurs de la Faculté de Lettres de l’université de Bordeaux entre 1887 et 1902 en se référent à une archive inédite. Sont présentées les fréquences, la tonalité et surtout ses domaines d’interventions. On voit qu’il s’intéresse d’abord aux étudiants et à leurs études (ouverture ou fermeture des cours, attribution des bourses, droits d’inscription, problème de la prédominance du latin, réforme de l’agrégation de philosophie), mais aussi aux questions administratives (attribution des chaires, fonctionnement du conseil de l’université), et aux questions liées à la recherche (abonnements en revues à la Bibliothèque universitaire, vie de la revue antiquisante des Annales du midi). On découvre qu’il n’était pas dépourvu d’ambitions administratives, que les circonstances politiques (l’affaire Dreyfus) vinrent contrarier.
摘要:感谢原始档案,本文旨在描述迪尔凯姆1887年至1902年在波尔多教授委员会的干预。频率,调性,最重要的是他的干预感兴趣的主题进行了研究。我们可以看到,他非常关注学生和他们的教育(即他们的课程、费用、补助金、拉丁语占主导地位的问题、改革哲学领域竞争性组织的建议),但他也对行政问题(新课程和新主席的归属方式、理事会的程序)和研究问题(大学图书馆的订阅、历史和地方年鉴)感兴趣。我们最终发现,他确实有行政野心——成为院长——但却被政治环境(德雷福斯事件)终结了。法语摘要:文章viseise caracacimaster les interventions de Durkheim aux assembles sames des教授de la教员de letters de l ' universitorede de Bordeaux entre 1887和1902 en se reacacacacimaster comune archive insamdite。所以说,如果一个人的生活和他的生活不一样,那么他的生活就会变得更加复杂。关于交换交换交换交换和交换交换(交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换和交换交换)、交换交换交换和交换交换(交换交换和交换交换)、交换交换交换和交换交换(交换交换和交换交换)、交换交换交换和交换交换(交换交换)。在danci.5cha.com上,不能说danci.5cha.com不能说danci.5cha.com,不能说danci.5cha.com,不能说danci.5cha.com。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review 书评
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.24014
M. Gane
Kieran Allen and Brian O’Boyle, Durkheim: A Critical Introduction. London: Pluto Press, 2017, 192 pp.
基兰·艾伦和布莱恩·奥博伊尔,《迪尔凯姆:批判性导论》。伦敦:冥王星出版社,2017,192页。
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引用次数: 0
Veille scientifique sur la recherche durkheimienne en Chine 中国迪尔凯姆研究的科学观察
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.24013
Jing Zhang
*Full article is in FrenchEnglish abstract:This literature review presents seven major works on Durkheim written by leading Chinese researchers and published during the last 10 years. Some of them try to analyse Durkheim’s views in order to understand contemporary Chinese society, by questioning what Durkheim teaches us about moral education, or by examining his conception of the nation. Others are more in the nature of scholarly commentary on his theory, whether by examining notions of anomie, the division of labour, suicide or a moral science.French abstract:Cette revue de littérature présente sept principales publications (écrites par des chercheurs parmi les plus reconnus) consacrées à l’oeuvre de Durkheim en Chine et parues durant les dix dernières années. Certaines d’entre elles s’essayent à analyser l’actualité de Durkheim pour comprendre la société chinoise contemporaine, en interrogeant ce que Durkheim nous apprend à propos de l’éducation morale, ou encore en examinant sa conception de la nation. D’autres relèvent plus du commentaire érudit de sa théorie, que ce soit en se penchant sur la notion d’anomie, de division du travail, sur le suicide ou encore la science morale.
*全文摘要:这篇文献综述介绍了七篇关于迪尔凯姆的主要著作,由中国领先的研究人员撰写,并在过去10年中发表。他们中的一些人试图分析迪尔凯姆的观点,以了解当代中国社会,质疑迪尔凯姆教给我们的道德教育,或检查他对国家的概念。其他更多的是对他的理论进行学术评论的性质,无论是通过研究异常、分工、自杀还是道德科学的概念。英文摘要:这本文献综述介绍了过去十年中出版的七本主要出版物(由一些最知名的研究人员撰写),致力于迪尔凯姆在中国的工作。他们中的一些人试图分析迪尔凯姆的时事,以了解当代中国社会,质疑迪尔凯姆教给我们的道德教育,或研究他的国家观。其他人则更多地关注他的理论的学术评论,无论是通过研究失范、分工、自杀还是道德科学的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Concerning Durkheim's 1899 Lecture "On Penal Sanctions" 论涂尔干1899年的“刑罚制裁论”
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240106
R. Datta, F. Noël
This article provides a critical introduction to the first English translation of Durkheim’s Saturday, 2 December 1899, lecture that he entitled ‘Course Outline: On Penal Sanctions’. It was written for the first class of the final year of his course ‘General Physics of Law and Morality’. We provide some context to the lecture, a description of the four-year long course at Bordeaux of which it was a part, offer notes on our translation, and discuss the salience of its content. Of particular note is Durkheim’s sociological reasoning, and the critical impact of antisubjectivism on the development of his special theory of sanctions and conception of morality as part of social reality.
本文对涂尔干1899年12月2日星期六题为“课程大纲:论刑事制裁”的演讲的第一个英文译本进行了批判性的介绍。这是为他“法律与道德普通物理”课程最后一年的第一堂课写的。我们为讲座提供了一些背景,描述了在波尔多为期四年的课程,并对我们的翻译进行了说明,并讨论了其内容的突出性。特别值得注意的是涂尔干的社会学推理,以及反主体主义对其特殊制裁理论和作为社会现实一部分的道德观发展的批判性影响。
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引用次数: 3
'Rates of Exchange' Rather than Intellectual Exchanges “汇率”而不是智力交流
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240107
Baudry Rocquin
The newly found exchange of letters between Marcel Mauss and Victor Branford dated 1926 testifies to the active exchanges between both their traditions. Durkheimian sociology owed a great deal to the Branford-Geddes network of colleagues across the Channel, not less than a funding of the republication of their iconic journal, the Année sociologique. On the other hand, Branford was far from apologetic about his own tradition of thought and even went as far as to criticize the Institut Français de Sociologie in the 1920s. All this shows the enduring links between both countries in the field of sociology, contrary to what has often been held.
最新发现的1926年马塞尔·毛斯和维克托·布兰福德之间的信件往来证明了他们两个传统之间的积极交流。涂尔干社会学在很大程度上要归功于海峡对岸的Branford Geddes同事网络,这不亚于他们的标志性期刊《Année socialogique》的再版资金。另一方面,布兰福德对自己的思想传统一点也不道歉,甚至在20世纪20年代批评了法国社会学研究所。所有这些都表明了两国在社会学领域的持久联系,这与人们通常认为的相反。
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引用次数: 0
On Halbwachs’s Sociology of Knowledge Program 论Halbwachs的知识程序社会学
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3167/ds.2020.240110
Jean-Christophe Marcel
‘La doctrine d’Émile Durkheim’, sheds light on the intellectual connection between Durkheim and Halbwachs. Halbwachs agrees with Durkheim that knowledge consists of a set of classifications whose origin is social, and that evolution moves from totemic classifications to spatial classifications and contemporary conceptual thinking, but without much knowledge of the passage from the second to the third stage of this evolution. Halbwachs sketches, as a complement, an element of response to fill this void, and in doing so, announces his future work. To the categories of thought studied by Durkheim, he adds those of change and of the individual, which he will use in his later works to explain the movement of civilization. In doing so, he proves his involvement in developing the durkheimian program onsociology of knowledge.
"论Émile迪尔凯姆"揭示了迪尔凯姆和哈布瓦赫之间的思想联系。Halbwachs同意迪尔凯姆的观点,即知识由一系列分类组成,这些分类的起源是社会的,并且进化从图腾分类到空间分类和当代概念思维,但没有太多的知识从这一进化的第二阶段到第三阶段的过渡。Halbwachs的草图,作为一种补充,填补了这一空白的回应元素,这样做,宣布了他未来的工作。对于迪尔凯姆所研究的思想范畴,他增加了变化和个体的范畴,他将在他后来的作品中用来解释文明的运动。在此过程中,他证明了自己参与了迪尔凯姆知识社会学的发展。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Durkheimian Studies/Etudes durkheimiennes
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