Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.7
Boris Doktorov
В связи с 85-летием профессора Уральского федерального университета Г.Е. Зборовского предпринимается попытка подытожить сделанное им за долгие годы работы во многих областях советской/российской социологии. Но юбилей — не единственный повод для поздравления Зборовского; второй повод — выход в свет его 750-страничной книги «Избранное: 1972–2022». Этот труд интересен не только тем, что позволяет понять — и удивиться — сделанное юбиляром за полвека. Одновременно эта книга служит введением в историю становления и развития нашей науки и своеобразной автобиографией человека, чувствующего, ценящего и изучающего Время.
{"title":"A Person that Feels, Values, and Studies Time. Professor Garold E. Zborovsky is 85 Years Old","authors":"Boris Doktorov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"В связи с 85-летием профессора Уральского федерального университета Г.Е. Зборовского предпринимается попытка подытожить сделанное им за долгие годы работы во многих областях советской/российской социологии. Но юбилей — не единственный повод для поздравления Зборовского; второй повод — выход в свет его 750-страничной книги «Избранное: 1972–2022». Этот труд интересен не только тем, что позволяет понять — и удивиться — сделанное юбиляром за полвека. Одновременно эта книга служит введением в историю становления и развития нашей науки и своеобразной автобиографией человека, чувствующего, ценящего и изучающего Время.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.11
Ella Zadorozhnyuk, Yulia Kalinina
Based on the results of empirical studies on the problems of reproduction of specialists carried out in 2017–2021, the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS and the Center for Social Forecasting and Marketing discuss the trends in the processes of reproduction of different groups of specialists in intellectual labor, as well as their employment. The book analyzes the dynamically changing conditions for the professional self-realization of graduates and their adaptation, discusses difficulties with the reproduction of engineering and technical specialists, justifies recommendations for overcoming emerging obstacles, and provides balanced recommendations for ensuring the employment of graduates, including measures to optimize the activities of employment services in cooperation with university centers to promote employment. Two socially significant functions of education are identified: of integrating, which leads new generations to perceive the existing distribution relations as socially fair, and of differentiating, which disperses the younger generation into the cells of the professional structure, while taking into account differences in economic interests.
{"title":"[Rev.] Gorshkov M.K., Sheregi F.E., Tyurina I.O. Vosproizvodstvo Spetsialistov Intellektual’nogo Truda: Sotsiologicheskii Analiz. [Reproduction of Specialists in Intellectual Labor: Sociological Analysis.] Moscow: FNISC RAN publ., 2023","authors":"Ella Zadorozhnyuk, Yulia Kalinina","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the results of empirical studies on the problems of reproduction of specialists carried out in 2017–2021, the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS and the Center for Social Forecasting and Marketing discuss the trends in the processes of reproduction of different groups of specialists in intellectual labor, as well as their employment. The book analyzes the dynamically changing conditions for the professional self-realization of graduates and their adaptation, discusses difficulties with the reproduction of engineering and technical specialists, justifies recommendations for overcoming emerging obstacles, and provides balanced recommendations for ensuring the employment of graduates, including measures to optimize the activities of employment services in cooperation with university centers to promote employment. Two socially significant functions of education are identified: of integrating, which leads new generations to perceive the existing distribution relations as socially fair, and of differentiating, which disperses the younger generation into the cells of the professional structure, while taking into account differences in economic interests.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.1
Alexander Myagkov
The article is devoted to understanding the problem of sensitivity in survey research. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the field of scientific knowledge, which in western sociology in the 1990’s was refereed to as “sensitive research”, is presented. A brief historical outline of the study of sensitive issues is given with an emphasis on the most prominent schools in world sociology and the most renowned authors who have made a significant contribution to the study of this topic (representatives of the Chicago School, A. Kinsey, S. Warner, G.S. Becker, R. Lee, C. Renzetti, R. Tourangeau, T. Yang and others). The early and modern conceptualizations of sensitivity are critically analyzed, the weaknesses and shortcomings of both expansive (J. Sieber and B. Stanley) and restrictive (N. Farberow) interpretations of this concept are shown. A multifactorial approach developed by R. Lee and K. Renzetti is considered as an alternative, one that takes into account various types of threats that determine the sensitive nature of the questions asked and the answers received. The social nature of sensitivity is discussed. It is shown how the socio-cultural context and the specifics of respondents’ perception of questions influence the results of survey studies. The main consequences of using sensitive issues in sociological research are also analyzed. At the same time, there are three most dangerous effects that have a detrimental effect on the quality of empirical data: weakening cooperation on behalf of respondents, the increase in the number of missing questions (non-answers) and the emergence of socially desirable (insincere) answers. The factors causing these effects are identified, and methods are proposed to help neutralize them. Conclusions are drawn about the socio-cultural conditionality of question sensitivity, its contextual and situational nature.
{"title":"Sensitive Research: a Trial of Retrospective Analysis and Conceptualizations","authors":"Alexander Myagkov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to understanding the problem of sensitivity in survey research. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the field of scientific knowledge, which in western sociology in the 1990’s was refereed to as “sensitive research”, is presented. A brief historical outline of the study of sensitive issues is given with an emphasis on the most prominent schools in world sociology and the most renowned authors who have made a significant contribution to the study of this topic (representatives of the Chicago School, A. Kinsey, S. Warner, G.S. Becker, R. Lee, C. Renzetti, R. Tourangeau, T. Yang and others). The early and modern conceptualizations of sensitivity are critically analyzed, the weaknesses and shortcomings of both expansive (J. Sieber and B. Stanley) and restrictive (N. Farberow) interpretations of this concept are shown. A multifactorial approach developed by R. Lee and K. Renzetti is considered as an alternative, one that takes into account various types of threats that determine the sensitive nature of the questions asked and the answers received. The social nature of sensitivity is discussed. It is shown how the socio-cultural context and the specifics of respondents’ perception of questions influence the results of survey studies. The main consequences of using sensitive issues in sociological research are also analyzed. At the same time, there are three most dangerous effects that have a detrimental effect on the quality of empirical data: weakening cooperation on behalf of respondents, the increase in the number of missing questions (non-answers) and the emergence of socially desirable (insincere) answers. The factors causing these effects are identified, and methods are proposed to help neutralize them. Conclusions are drawn about the socio-cultural conditionality of question sensitivity, its contextual and situational nature.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.9
Andrey Shipilov
The article problematizes social development as a phenomenon and concept for the present and for the future in relation to certain trends that have emerged in the modern world. The concept of development, interpreted as increase, growing complexity and improvement, is currently the main one for society’s mindset in time and dominates the vernacular, while in reality there have been trends towards the convergence of social labor and a decline in demographic and economic growth. For half a century now the international community has focused its efforts on achieving “sustainable development”. Since the beginning of the new millennium, this oxymoronic and euphemistic construction has begun to give way to the more unambiguous concepts of “degrowth” and “undevelopment”, which denote the program setting of the growing social movement for self-limitation of production and consumption in order to preserve the natural environment. In this regard, the author poses the following question (is it possible for a society to exist without development?) and gives a positive answer for it: for almost three thousand years nomads have been an example of an environmentally determined social homeostasis. It is likely that in the near future, by historical standards, the implementation of the “green agenda” will lead to a slowdown or even a halt in social development, and before counteracting or contributing to this in practice, it is advisable to think the situation through from a theoretical standpoint.
{"title":"Is it Possible for a Society to Exist Without Development?","authors":"Andrey Shipilov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article problematizes social development as a phenomenon and concept for the present and for the future in relation to certain trends that have emerged in the modern world. The concept of development, interpreted as increase, growing complexity and improvement, is currently the main one for society’s mindset in time and dominates the vernacular, while in reality there have been trends towards the convergence of social labor and a decline in demographic and economic growth. For half a century now the international community has focused its efforts on achieving “sustainable development”. Since the beginning of the new millennium, this oxymoronic and euphemistic construction has begun to give way to the more unambiguous concepts of “degrowth” and “undevelopment”, which denote the program setting of the growing social movement for self-limitation of production and consumption in order to preserve the natural environment. In this regard, the author poses the following question (is it possible for a society to exist without development?) and gives a positive answer for it: for almost three thousand years nomads have been an example of an environmentally determined social homeostasis. It is likely that in the near future, by historical standards, the implementation of the “green agenda” will lead to a slowdown or even a halt in social development, and before counteracting or contributing to this in practice, it is advisable to think the situation through from a theoretical standpoint.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.6
Irina Tartakovskaya, Dmitry Rogozin
The interview is dedicated to the memories about the professional and pedagogical activities of the outstanding Russian sociologist G.S. Batygin (1951–2003). Emphasis is placed on the specifics of his scientific method, associated with intensive critical reflection on various methodological approaches in social theory and empirical research, and his position in relation to certain areas of sociology is analyzed. The interview describes the professional style of G.S. Batygin as a teacher and supervisor.
{"title":"Batygin’s Lesson stuck with me on my Professional Path — Always Check Yourself to Make Sure your Conclusions Can Be Substantiated”. Interview Prepared by D.M. Rogozin","authors":"Irina Tartakovskaya, Dmitry Rogozin","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The interview is dedicated to the memories about the professional and pedagogical activities of the outstanding Russian sociologist G.S. Batygin (1951–2003). Emphasis is placed on the specifics of his scientific method, associated with intensive critical reflection on various methodological approaches in social theory and empirical research, and his position in relation to certain areas of sociology is analyzed. The interview describes the professional style of G.S. Batygin as a teacher and supervisor.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.8
Yanis Astafiev, Elena Voznesenskaya, Olga Firsova
The memoirs of colleagues and students of V.N. Shubkin (1923–2010), one of the founders of Soviet sociology, who in the 1960’s initiated longitudinal studies of the processes of young people transitioning from education to labor, are published. The article discusses the scientist’s views on sociological theory and the methodology of social knowledge. The researcher’s relations with students, colleagues, government officials are described.
{"title":"To the 100th Anniversary of Professor V.N. Shubkin (1923–2010). Today we Remember Vladimir Shubkin","authors":"Yanis Astafiev, Elena Voznesenskaya, Olga Firsova","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The memoirs of colleagues and students of V.N. Shubkin (1923–2010), one of the founders of Soviet sociology, who in the 1960’s initiated longitudinal studies of the processes of young people transitioning from education to labor, are published. The article discusses the scientist’s views on sociological theory and the methodology of social knowledge. The researcher’s relations with students, colleagues, government officials are described.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.5
Alexander Malinkin
The article discusses the evolution of the views of S.L. Frank (1877–1950) on society and culture up until he created a completed socio-philosophical doctrine in 1929. A comparative textologically substantiated analysis of his views with the views of G. Simmel, E. Husserl, M. Scheler is carried out. The author shows that Frank, who adhered to psychologism in his methodology until 1915, makes a choice in favor of Neoplatonism, the latest form of which he finds in Husserl’s transcendental philosophy. The author believes that the concepts of Frank’s social philosophy were formed, among other things, under the influence of G. Simmel’s principles of “philosophical sociology”, E. Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, and his philosophy of social cognition is surprisingly close to M. Scheler’s phenomenological sociology.
本文论述了弗兰克(1877-1950)社会文化观的演变过程，直至1929年他形成了完整的社会哲学学说。对他的观点与G. Simmel, E. Husserl, M. scheller的观点进行了比较考据分析。作者表明，直到1915年，弗兰克在方法论上一直坚持心理主义，他选择了新柏拉图主义，他在胡塞尔的先验哲学中找到了新柏拉图主义的最新形式。笔者认为，弗兰克的社会哲学概念是在齐美尔的“哲学社会学”原理、胡塞尔的先验现象学等因素的影响下形成的，他的社会认知哲学与舍勒的现象学社会学惊人地接近。
{"title":"S.L. Frank on the Path to Social Philosophy: Experience of Comparative Analysis: G. Simmel, E. Husserl, M. Scheler","authors":"Alexander Malinkin","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the evolution of the views of S.L. Frank (1877–1950) on society and culture up until he created a completed socio-philosophical doctrine in 1929. A comparative textologically substantiated analysis of his views with the views of G. Simmel, E. Husserl, M. Scheler is carried out. The author shows that Frank, who adhered to psychologism in his methodology until 1915, makes a choice in favor of Neoplatonism, the latest form of which he finds in Husserl’s transcendental philosophy. The author believes that the concepts of Frank’s social philosophy were formed, among other things, under the influence of G. Simmel’s principles of “philosophical sociology”, E. Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, and his philosophy of social cognition is surprisingly close to M. Scheler’s phenomenological sociology.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.2
Elena Bogomiagkova, Ekaterina Orekh, Maria Glukhova
The article presents the results of a mixed empirical study carried out in 2020– 2021, which included semi-structured interviews with residents of large Russian cities (N = 90) and a telephone survey of residents of Saint Petersburg (N = 861). The focus of our attention is people’s experience of receiving remote medical consultations, the factors influencing it, as well as the attitudes that have developed towards this sort of assistance. The article aims at identifying possibilities and limitations of a new type of communication between doctor and patient, mediated by digital technologies. Based on the results of the research, conclusions about the prevalence of remote medical consultations, as well as how they are embedded in the everyday life of citizens and how they actualize important aspects of interaction with medical professionals were formulated. It was revealed that remote medical consultations in general need to be separated from telemedicine as one of its variants. According to the results of the study, 25.2% of respondents have communicated at least once with a doctor remotely. Typically such interaction occurs with “trusted” doctors — those with whom personal, and often repeated contact has proven to be effective, and can be initiated by both the doctor and the patient. The situation is different in the case of telemedicine, attitudes towards which can be explained by how the specifics of interaction in the doctor-patient system are perceived. The inability to provide a physical examination and difficulties in establishing personal contact are among the more significant reasons preventing the use of telemedicine. Since telemedicine involves contact with unknown doctors and is always initiated by the patient, the basis for resorting to it is not interpersonal trust in the specialist, but the presence of institutional trust in the healthcare system and a significant degree of patient autonomy. People who are aware that they have health problems and have a habit of taking care of themselves in various different ways, including by means of monitoring medical recommendations, are more likely to communicate remotely with a doctor. A higher level of income increases the chances of resorting to such consultations. Predictably, representatives of older age groups turned out to be in the outsider group.
{"title":"Telemedicine in Russian Megacities: Problems and Prospects","authors":"Elena Bogomiagkova, Ekaterina Orekh, Maria Glukhova","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a mixed empirical study carried out in 2020– 2021, which included semi-structured interviews with residents of large Russian cities (N = 90) and a telephone survey of residents of Saint Petersburg (N = 861). The focus of our attention is people’s experience of receiving remote medical consultations, the factors influencing it, as well as the attitudes that have developed towards this sort of assistance. The article aims at identifying possibilities and limitations of a new type of communication between doctor and patient, mediated by digital technologies. Based on the results of the research, conclusions about the prevalence of remote medical consultations, as well as how they are embedded in the everyday life of citizens and how they actualize important aspects of interaction with medical professionals were formulated. It was revealed that remote medical consultations in general need to be separated from telemedicine as one of its variants. According to the results of the study, 25.2% of respondents have communicated at least once with a doctor remotely. Typically such interaction occurs with “trusted” doctors — those with whom personal, and often repeated contact has proven to be effective, and can be initiated by both the doctor and the patient. The situation is different in the case of telemedicine, attitudes towards which can be explained by how the specifics of interaction in the doctor-patient system are perceived. The inability to provide a physical examination and difficulties in establishing personal contact are among the more significant reasons preventing the use of telemedicine. Since telemedicine involves contact with unknown doctors and is always initiated by the patient, the basis for resorting to it is not interpersonal trust in the specialist, but the presence of institutional trust in the healthcare system and a significant degree of patient autonomy. People who are aware that they have health problems and have a habit of taking care of themselves in various different ways, including by means of monitoring medical recommendations, are more likely to communicate remotely with a doctor. A higher level of income increases the chances of resorting to such consultations. Predictably, representatives of older age groups turned out to be in the outsider group.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.4
Denis Strebkov
Digital platforms form a highly competitive online environment where workers have to actively compete for projects and clients, using not only their professional knowledge and skills, but also special soft skills of self-presentation and self-organization in order to increase their chances of success. Our goal is to show how construction and repair workers present themselves on such platforms and how this self-presentation affects their success. Data were collected by web scraping on the Russian platform YouDo in 2023. The regression analysis results show that the focus of repairmen on professionalism and entrepreneurship is positively associated with the number of jobs they’ve completed. At the same time, we do not find evidence that platforms contribute to eroding the value of professionalism and replacing it with job proficiency, as H. Pongratz argues. People who focus on their proficiency do not get significant advantages compared to other workers.
{"title":"Self-presentation and Success on Digital Platforms by the Example of Construction and Repair Workers","authors":"Denis Strebkov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Digital platforms form a highly competitive online environment where workers have to actively compete for projects and clients, using not only their professional knowledge and skills, but also special soft skills of self-presentation and self-organization in order to increase their chances of success. Our goal is to show how construction and repair workers present themselves on such platforms and how this self-presentation affects their success. Data were collected by web scraping on the Russian platform YouDo in 2023. The regression analysis results show that the focus of repairmen on professionalism and entrepreneurship is positively associated with the number of jobs they’ve completed. At the same time, we do not find evidence that platforms contribute to eroding the value of professionalism and replacing it with job proficiency, as H. Pongratz argues. People who focus on their proficiency do not get significant advantages compared to other workers.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.3.3
Anatoly Merenkov, Irina Polyakova
Population increase in Russia is one of the key strategies that determine state demographic policy. Modern advancements in medical science make it possible to use various technologies that allow men and women who are unable to conceive for medical reasons to find joy in parenthood. The article discusses theories that reveal the essence and content of people’s need to reproduce and live on in future generations by means of using such technology as surrogate motherhood. The research analysis is rooted in the methodology for studying specific social phenomena based on the general theory of human activity determination developed within sociology and psychology: the role of external and internal necessity, needs in shaping the motivation for resorting to surrogate motherhood (A. Zdravomyslov, A. Merenkov). The article points out the importance of the human instinct to continue oneself in subsequent generations. The influence of needs when it comes to forming the motivation for certain human behavior is analyzed based on theoretical provisions (G. Arefiev, A. Bandura, A. Maslow, A. Leontiev) that reveal the process of conscious search for ways to satisfy different needs whenever it is possible. The emergence of medical technology allowing for the birth of a child with the help of a woman whose body, upon receiving someone else’s genetic material, is able to perform this function, forms different motives for the customer and whomever is performing such a task. P. Bourdieu’s theory of social capital helps to identify a set of economic, social, and cultural conditions that determine the content of external and internal factors that contribute to a system of interaction between these social actors. Specific motives for people having their own children are analyzed by W. Miller, D. Friedman, J. Greenberg. The research into women’s motivation for surrogate motherhood is based on works by P. Berger, T. Luckman, M. Fouquet, who studied the modern trend of using a person’s body to fulfill various needs. At the same time, the surrogate mother may develop different forms of identifying herself with the born child. The analysis of these contradictions is carried out based on conceptions of identity by M. Heidegger, E. Erickson, E. Giddens, J. Toshchenko. It is concluded that the use of different theoretical approaches to identifying the social and cultural factors which impact motivation for surrogate motherhood results in highquality empirical research that reveals the specifics of using this assisted reproductive technology in Russia.
俄罗斯的人口增长是决定国家人口政策的关键战略之一。现代医学的进步使人们能够利用各种技术，使因医学原因无法怀孕的男女找到为人父母的乐趣。本文探讨了利用代母技术揭示人类繁衍生息需要的本质和内容的理论。研究分析植根于研究特定社会现象的方法，该方法基于社会学和心理学中发展的人类活动决定的一般理论:外部和内部必要性的作用，在形成诉诸代孕母亲的动机方面的需求(A. Zdravomyslov, A. Merenkov)。文章指出了人类传宗接代的本能的重要性。根据理论规定(G. Arefiev, A. Bandura, A. Maslow, A. Leontiev)分析了需求在形成人类某些行为动机方面的影响，这些理论规定揭示了在可能的情况下有意识地寻找满足不同需求的方法的过程。医疗技术的出现使妇女的身体在接受别人的遗传物质后能够执行这一功能，从而能够在妇女的帮助下生育孩子，这就为顾客和执行这项任务的人形成了不同的动机。P.布迪厄的社会资本理论有助于确定一套经济、社会和文化条件，这些条件决定了促成这些社会行动者之间互动系统的外部和内部因素的内容。W. Miller, D. Friedman, J. Greenberg分析了人们拥有自己孩子的具体动机。对女性代孕动机的研究是基于P. Berger、T. Luckman和M. Fouquet的作品，他们研究了利用一个人的身体来满足各种需求的现代趋势。与此同时，代孕母亲可能会发展出不同形式的自我认同。对这些矛盾的分析是在海德格尔、埃里克森、吉登斯、托先科的身份概念的基础上进行的。结论是，使用不同的理论方法来确定影响代孕母亲动机的社会和文化因素，结果是高质量的实证研究，揭示了在俄罗斯使用这种辅助生殖技术的具体情况。
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