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On the 90th anniversary of Leokadia M. Drobizheva (1933–2021). The Ethno-sociological School of L. Drobizheva: Developing Approaches towards the Study of all-Russian Identity 在Leokadia M. Drobizheva 90周年纪念(1933-2021)。L. Drobizheva的民族社会学学派:全俄罗斯认同研究的发展方法
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2023.29.1.2
The article analyzes the role of L. Drobizheva and her ethno-sociological school in the study of the all-Russian identity emerging in the multiethnic social space of the Russian Federation. The stages and periods during which L. Drobizheva and her colleagues conducted a scientific search for mechanisms of nationwide consolidation are revealed: such mechanisms include those that are formed by the state, the elite, civil activists, experts, the media, institutions and public opinion, as well as those that spontaneously arise at the level of everyday life. The transformation of the methodological approaches of L. Drobizheva and her school towards the study of “ethnic in social and social in ethnic” is presented. The author elaborates on the method for studying the all-Russian identity formulated at the meeting point of theoretical approaches of sociocultural anthropology and classical sociology. Certain results from projects that research the all-Russian identity conducted within the framework of the ethno-sociological school of L. Drobizheva are presented.
本文分析了L.Drobizheva及其民族社会学学派在研究俄罗斯联邦多民族社会空间中出现的全俄身份认同方面的作用。L.Drobizheva和她的同事们对全国范围内的整合机制进行科学探索的阶段和时期被揭示:这些机制包括由国家、精英、民间活动家、专家、媒体、机构和公众舆论形成的机制,以及日常生活中自发产生的机制。介绍了Drobizheva及其学派对“社会中的民族和民族中的社会”研究方法论的转变。阐述了在社会文化人类学与古典社会学理论方法交汇点上形成的全俄身份研究方法。介绍了在L.Drobizheva的民族社会学学派框架内进行的全俄罗斯身份研究项目的某些结果。
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引用次数: 1
The Characteristics of Social Service in Different Types of Settlements: As Seen by Consumers of Services (Based on the Results of an all-Russian Survey) 不同类型住区的社会服务特征:服务消费者的视角(基于全俄调查结果)
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9315
E. Arkhipova, O. Borodkina
Today the system of social services is being transformed, the number of social service providers is growing, and new forms of interaction with recipients of social assistance are being introduced. A special role in the new configuration of the social service system is given to socially oriented non-profits and social entrepreneurs. This article presents the results of a study of the social service system from the viewpoint of recipients of social services. The main method for collecting information was an all-Russian online survey among social service clients or their representatives. The research methodology involved distinguishing 5 clusters according to type of settlement (megacities, cities with a million-plus population, large cities, small towns and rural areas). The sample consisted of 2267 people. Based on the results of the study, main groups of social services in various types of settlements were proposed. The results showed a lack of development of the non-state service sector in all identified clusters. Barriers preventing the involvement of NGOs in the social services system are associated, on the one hand, with the conviction of the citizens themselves (especially the older generation) that only state institutions can provide quality and free services. On the other hand, many NGOs do not want to be listed in regional registries of social service providers, primarily due to low tariffs, reporting mechanisms and cost recovery. Residents of small towns and rural areas often face a lack of choice, the dominance of one type of provider, underdeveloped social infrastructure in their area, and a limited list of services available to them free of charge.
今天,社会服务制度正在改变,提供社会服务的人数正在增加,与社会援助受助人之间的互动正在采用新的形式。面向社会的非营利组织和社会企业家在社会服务系统的新配置中发挥特殊作用。本文从社会服务接受者的角度对社会服务体系进行了研究。收集信息的主要方法是对社会服务客户或其代表进行全俄在线调查。研究方法包括根据居住类型区分5个集群(特大城市、百万以上人口的城市、大城市、小城镇和农村地区)。样本由2267人组成。根据研究结果,提出了各类住区的主要社会服务群体。结果表明,在所有确定的集群中,非国有服务部门都缺乏发展。阻碍非政府组织参与社会服务体系的障碍,一方面与公民(尤其是老一辈)自己的信念有关,即只有国家机构才能提供优质和免费的服务。另一方面,许多非政府组织不希望被列入社会服务提供者的区域登记册,主要是由于低关税,报告机制和成本回收。小城镇和农村地区的居民往往面临着缺乏选择、一种提供者占主导地位、所在地区社会基础设施不发达以及免费提供的服务有限的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Social Capital as a Factor of Social Participation: The Case of the Vologda Region 社会资本作为社会参与的一个因素——以沃洛格达地区为例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9316
Irina A. Vorobeva, Tatyana Guzhavina
The most important resource for the development of a territory that provides dynamism and ensures adaptation to changes is a society’s energy for activity. The activity resource of a city, region or settlement, in our opinion, can be measured by the development of practices of social participation among its population. The main types of social participation are involvement in formal public organizations, informal participation, which consists of collective practices of participation without membership in organizations, and practicing helpful behavior, which may be purely personal in nature. The level of social participation is influenced by external and internal factors. External are a region’s socio-economic characteristics, activity of organizations and authorities aimed at stimulating and involving the population in the practice of participation. Internal factors include motivation to participate, attitudes and values that influence the population. The basic hypothesis of the study is that the fundamental motive for social participation is the creation of a network of social ties, the expansion of contacts, which contributes to the accrual of social capital. At the same time, different forms of social participation have different potential for accrual of social capital. Paradoxically, it is most actively formed within the framework of informal participation practices. To prove this trend, the categories of social capital and social resources that are well-known and widely used in theoretical and practical research activities are used. The empirical basis of the study was a representative survey of the population of Vologda Oblast. It was revealed that the most important reasons for involvement in the activities of public organizations and involvement in informal participation, according to most active segments of the population, include “communication with interesting people”, “useful connections”, “making new friends”. Social participation acts as a mechanism for the formation of personal social capital. A side effect of this is the formation of group social capital and the social capital of the territorial community as a whole. This happens due to the expansion of networks and an increase in solidarity, responsibility and willingness to unite, which, in turn, stimulates participation, which becomes an important social effect for the development of the territory. The practical significance of the study is to identify the core of motivation of active segments of the population, which is a guideline for building a policy of involving more inert groups of the population in the practice of social participation.
一个提供活力并确保适应变化的领土的发展最重要的资源是一个社会的活动能量。在我们看来,一个城市、地区或定居点的活动资源可以通过其人口中社会参与实践的发展来衡量。社会参与的主要类型是参与正式的公共组织,非正式参与,包括在没有组织成员的情况下参与的集体实践,以及实践有益行为,这可能纯粹是个人性质的。社会参与程度受到外部和内部因素的影响。外部是一个地区的社会经济特征、组织和当局的活动,旨在激励和让人民参与参与实践。内部因素包括参与的动机、影响民众的态度和价值观。该研究的基本假设是,社会参与的根本动机是建立社会联系网络,扩大联系,这有助于社会资本的积累。同时,不同形式的社会参与具有不同的社会资本积累潜力。矛盾的是,它是在非正式参与实践的框架内最积极地形成的。为了证明这一趋势,使用了在理论和实践研究活动中众所周知并广泛使用的社会资本和社会资源类别。该研究的实证基础是对沃洛格达州人口的代表性调查。据透露,根据人口中最活跃的部分,参与公共组织活动和非正式参与的最重要原因包括“与有趣的人交流”、“有用的联系”、“结交新朋友”。社会参与是个人社会资本形成的机制。这样做的一个副作用是形成了群体社会资本和整个领土社区的社会资本。这是由于网络的扩大和团结、责任感和团结意愿的增强,这反过来又刺激了参与,这对领土的发展产生了重要的社会影响。这项研究的实际意义是确定活跃人群的动机核心,这是制定一项政策的指导方针,让更多的惰性人群参与社会参与实践。
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引用次数: 0
Leonid Ionin. The Drama of the Life of Max Weber. Breakthrough in Russian Scientific Biographical Analysis Leonid Ionin。马克斯·韦伯的人生戏剧。俄罗斯科学传记分析的突破
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9321
B. Doktorov
The new book by Leonid Ionin about Max Weber is a notable occurrence in the Russian history of sociology and culture. It fundamentally furthers our understanding of the nature of sociological knowledge. No one else in our historical sociological literature has tried to consider the work of a sociologist in such detail against the backdrop of the life’s, or more specifically, the personal drama, of the scientist. This required not only a deep knowledge of Weber’s works from the author, but also courage.In my understanding, Ionin’s experience can become an excellent basis of knowledge for Russian researchers of the past of Russian sociology, especially the biographies of those who created the foundation of our science.
Leonid Ionin关于Max Weber的新书在俄罗斯社会学和文化史上是一个引人注目的事件。它从根本上加深了我们对社会学知识本质的理解。在我们的历史社会学文献中,没有其他人试图在科学家的生活背景下,或者更具体地说,在科学家的个人戏剧背景下,如此详细地考虑社会学家的工作。这不仅需要作者对韦伯作品的深刻认识,也需要作者的勇气。在我看来,Ionin的经历可以成为俄罗斯研究人员了解过去俄罗斯社会学的优秀基础,尤其是那些为我们的科学奠定基础的人的传记。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic Factors as Predictors of Revolutionary Situations: Experience in Quantitative Analysis 人口因素作为革命形势的预测因素:定量分析的经验
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9314
V. Ustyuzhanin, Polina Zhodzishskaya, Andrey Korotayev
Although there are plenty of quantitative cross-national analyses on the influence of population age structure on revolutionary risks, there are currently not enough studies that examine its impact on the risks of armed and unarmed revolutions taken separately. Assuming that the dependence of potential political destabilization on the median age will differ for armed and unarmed revolutions, we propose the following hypothesis. High median age and the level of a country’s economic development will negatively correlate with armed revolutions. A moderately young median age will have positive influence on the risks of non-violent rebellions, while the overall dependence of unarmed revolutions on median age will be slightly positive and curvilinear. Relying on materials from NAVCO 1.3 and the UN Population Division databases and by means of utilizing cross-tabulations, correlations and logistic regression, we analyze about 250 revolutionary episodes between 1950 and 2019. All of our hypotheses turn out to be supported. The higher the median age of the population — the less likely the occurrence will be of armed revolutionary instability. On the other hand, as the population ages, the risks of unarmed revolutionary actions first grow, but then decline.
尽管有大量关于人口年龄结构对革命风险影响的定量跨国分析,但目前还没有足够的研究来单独考察其对武装和非武装革命风险的影响。假设武装革命和非武装革命的潜在政治不稳定对中位年龄的依赖性不同,我们提出以下假设。较高的中位年龄和一个国家的经济发展水平将与武装革命呈负相关。中等年轻的中位年龄将对非暴力叛乱的风险产生积极影响,而非武装革命对中位年龄的总体依赖性将略为积极和曲线。根据NAVCO 1.3和联合国人口司数据库中的材料,通过使用交叉表、相关性和逻辑回归,我们分析了1950年至2019年间约250起革命性事件。我们所有的假设都得到了支持。人口的中位年龄越高,武装革命不稳定的可能性就越小。另一方面,随着人口老龄化,非武装革命行动的风险首先增加,但随后下降。
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引用次数: 2
A “Prophet” in the Country of “Pharisees”. “Social and cultural dynamics” by Pitirim Sorokin and its Critics. Article 1. Pitirim Sorokin and Alexander Goldenweiser “法利赛人”国家的“先知”。Pitirim Sorokin及其批评家的“社会和文化动态”。第一条。Pitirim Sorokin和Alexander Goldenweiser
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9318
V. Sapov
The article is devoted to the history of the controversy that arose after the publication of the first three volumes of “Social and Cultural Dynamics” by Pitirim Sorokin and American anthropologist Alexander Goldenweiser. The reasons why Sorokin’s work was rejected by academic American sociology are analyzed. A full list of reviews on “Dynamics” is provided that was published by international media in 1937–1942. The possible causes of the conflict that broke out between Sorokin and Goldeneizer over the authorship of the “principle of limited opportunities” or the “principle of limit” are analyzed. The appendix to the article includes Goldenweiser’s review of Sorokin’s “Dynamics”, written in the form of a “platonic dialogue”, and Sorokin’s response to it, translated to Russian for the first time.
这篇文章专门讲述了皮蒂林·索罗金和美国人类学家亚历山大·戈登威瑟合著的《社会与文化动力学》前三卷出版后引发的争议的历史。分析了索罗金的著作遭到美国学术界社会学排斥的原因。提供了1937-1942年国际媒体发表的关于《动力学》的完整评论清单。分析了索罗金与戈尔德纳泽围绕“有限机会原则”或“极限原则”的作者问题爆发冲突的可能原因。这篇文章的附录包含了Goldenweiser对索罗金的《动力学》的评论,以“柏拉图式对话”的形式写成,以及索罗金对它的回应,这是第一次翻译成俄语。
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引用次数: 0
Selected Business Correspondence Between Sociologists P.A. Sorokin and G. Salomon (1925–1932). Transl. from Eng. and Germ., Publication by N.A. Golovin 社会学家P.A.索罗金和G.所罗门的商业通信选集(1925–1932)。Transl。来自Eng.and Germ。,N.A.Golovin出版
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9320
Correspondence between the Russian-American sociologist P.A. Sorokin and the German publisher and sociologist G. Salomon (since 1947 — Salomon-Delatour) is a testament to the sociological thought of Sorokin starting to gain interna-tional recognition. G. Salomon’s letters responding to P.A. Sorokin are cited in footnotes, numbered in Latin numerals. The footnotes in Arabic numerals refer to the footnotes behind the text.
俄裔美国社会学家P.A.索罗金与德国出版人、社会学家g.s olomon(1947年起- Salomon- delatour)的通信证明了索罗金的社会学思想开始获得国际认可。所罗门写给P.A.索罗金的信在脚注中引用,并用拉丁数字编号。阿拉伯数字脚注指正文后面的脚注。
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引用次数: 0
Older Workers’ Labor and the Gig-Economy: Precarization or New Opportunities? 老年工人劳动与零工经济:不稳定还是新机遇?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9317
G. Nioradze
The gig-economy is a flexible form of labor characterized by project employment on digital platforms. The purpose of the article is to analyze the essence of the gig-economy in order to assess its impact on the work of the older generation. The analytical review was made taking into account the following tasks: 1) analysis of relevant literature, 2) secondary analysis of quantitative, qualitative and statistical data, 3) assessing the impact of the gig-economy on the employment of pensioners in terms of precarization. An analysis of the literature shows that the “flexibilization” of the labor market is described in ambiguous terms: a number of authors describe the positive aspects (no set schedule, growth of individuality, eradication of bureaucratic restrictions), while others focus on the negative consequences (instability of income, lack of social guarantees, overexploitation, etc.). The author highlights a number of negative risks for the elderly gig-employed (forced self-employment, vulnerability to fraud, lack of social guarantees from the employer, etc.), but comes to the conclusion that the gig economy has a fairly positive impact on the employment of the elderly: 1) social security (basic pension income and social state protection), 2) integration into a new labor reality and opportunities to improve well-being, 3) resocialization, etc. A separate advantage of selfemployment is a fiscal innovation that is beneficial for the elderly which allows pensioners to obtain the status of self-employed without sacrificing pension indexation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in analyzing the employment of the older generation through the lens of the gig-economy and precarization.
零工经济是以数字平台上的项目就业为特征的一种灵活的劳动形式。本文的目的是分析零工经济的本质,以评估其对老一辈工作的影响。进行分析性审查时考虑了以下任务:1)分析相关文献;2)对定量、定性和统计数据进行二次分析;3)从不稳定的角度评估零工经济对养老金领取者就业的影响。对文献的分析表明,劳动力市场的“灵活性”是用模棱两可的术语描述的:一些作者描述了积极的方面(没有固定的时间表,个性的成长,官僚限制的消除),而其他人则关注负面后果(收入不稳定,缺乏社会保障,过度剥削等)。作者强调了老年人零工就业的一些负面风险(强迫自营职业、易受欺诈、缺乏雇主的社会保障等),但得出的结论是,零工经济对老年人就业有相当积极的影响:1)社会保障(基本养老金收入和社会国家保护),2)融入新的劳动现实和改善福祉的机会,3)再社会化等。自营职业的另一个优势是有利于老年人的财政创新,它允许养老金领取者在不牺牲养老金指数化的情况下获得自营职业者的地位。该研究的科学新颖之处在于,通过零工经济和不稳定的视角分析了老一代的就业情况。
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引用次数: 0
At the Onset of P.A. Sorokin’s Sociology Gaining International Recognition: Commentary on the Publication of his Correspondence with the Publisher G. Salomon-Delatour (1925–1932) 在索罗金的社会学获得国际认可的开端——评他与出版商萨洛蒙·德拉图尔(1925–1932)的书信出版
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9319
N. Golovin, Roman Vissonov
The published correspondence reveals the professional ties of the RussianAmerican sociologist P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968) and the German publisher and sociologistSalomon (1892–1964, Salomon-Delatour since 1947). It substantially complementsthe knowledge about Sorokin’s priorities in professional contacts and scientific interests. In addition to the most complete version of Sorokin’s article “Russian Sociology in the Twentieth Century” (1926), published in the Yearbook of Sociology released by Salomon, the accompanying correspondence introduces Sorokin’s plans to participate in the preparation of the German editions of the books Leaves from a Russian Diary (1924), The Sociology of Revolution (1925), Social Mobility (1925), Modern Sociological Theories (1928, the German edition came out in 1932), Principles of Rural and Urban Sociology (1929) and Readers on Rural Sociology (1930–1932). Sorokin’s plans and articles on the study of genius and leadership, the role of the intelligentsia in society, and issues of book review are discussed. The letters are a testament to Sorokin’s sociology starting to receive actual international recognition. The correspondence tells of the impact of the Great Depression (1929–1939) on sociologists’ contacts.
出版的信件揭示了俄美社会学家P.A.索罗金(1889–1968)和德国出版商兼社会学家萨洛蒙(1892–1964,萨洛蒙·德拉图尔自1947年以来)的职业关系。它在很大程度上补充了索罗金在专业交往和科学兴趣方面的优先事项。除了所罗门出版的《社会学年鉴》上发表的索罗金文章《二十世纪的俄罗斯社会学》(1926年)的最完整版本外,随附的信件还介绍了索罗金参与《俄罗斯日记的叶子》(1924年)、《革命社会学》,《社会流动性》(1925年)、《现代社会学理论》(1928年,1932年德国版)、《城乡社会学原理》(1929年)和《农村社会学读者》(1930-1932年)。讨论了索罗金关于天才和领导力研究、知识分子在社会中的作用以及书评问题的计划和文章。这些信件证明了索罗金的社会学开始得到实际的国际认可。信件告诉了1929年至1939年大萧条对社会学家交往的影响。
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引用次数: 0
David Konstantinovskiy. The Very Worthy Fate 大卫·康斯坦丁诺夫斯基。非常有价值的命运
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9322
B. Doktorov
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引用次数: 0
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Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal
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