Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8990
N. Golovin
The correspondence between P.A. Sorokin, head of the Harvard Centre for the Study of Creative Altruism, and L. von Wiese, president of the German Society for Sociology and publisher of a respected sociological journal, from 1945–1949 is instilled with worldview reflections and a search for a way out of the post-war moral dead-end for European civilization. This publication was prepared with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-011-00451, CGES Saint Petersburg and Bielefeld Universities, Grant No. 1 from 5.02.2021, on authorization from the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv, BAarch B320/39) and the Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection, University Archives & Special Collections, University Library at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Response letters from L. von Wiese to P.A. Sorokin are quoted in footnotes with numbering in Latin numerals. Footnote icons written in Arabic numerals refer to off-text notes.
{"title":"Selected Formal and Casual Correspondence between sociologists P.A. Sorokin and L. von Wiese (1945–1949). Transl. from Eng. and publication by N.A. Golovin","authors":"N. Golovin","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8990","url":null,"abstract":"The correspondence between P.A. Sorokin, head of the Harvard Centre for the Study of Creative Altruism, and L. von Wiese, president of the German Society for Sociology and publisher of a respected sociological journal, from 1945–1949 is instilled with worldview reflections and a search for a way out of the post-war moral dead-end for European civilization. This publication was prepared with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-011-00451, CGES Saint Petersburg and Bielefeld Universities, Grant No. 1 from 5.02.2021, on authorization from the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv, BAarch B320/39) and the Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection, University Archives & Special Collections, University Library at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Response letters from L. von Wiese to P.A. Sorokin are quoted in footnotes with numbering in Latin numerals. Footnote icons written in Arabic numerals refer to off-text notes.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8991
I. Osinsky, M. Dobrynina
The review discusses the results of the collective efforts of researchers to understand problems associated with precarious employment, its origins, criteria and features. The originality of the concept, its relevance and significance for modern science and social practice are revealed. It is shown that in modern conditions the precarious state of workers carries over to their entire way of life.
{"title":"[Rev.] Precarious Employment: Origins, Criteria, Features. Ed. by Zh.T. Toshchenko. Moscow: Ves Mir publ., 2021","authors":"I. Osinsky, M. Dobrynina","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8991","url":null,"abstract":"The review discusses the results of the collective efforts of researchers to understand problems associated with precarious employment, its origins, criteria and features. The originality of the concept, its relevance and significance for modern science and social practice are revealed. It is shown that in modern conditions the precarious state of workers carries over to their entire way of life.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8992
V. Thakahov
The review considers the scientific monograph by I.A. Vershinina as the first domestic systematization and description of the key sociological theories that dominate modern urban sociology. The undoubted merit of the author consists of the following points. Into scientific circulation, the author introduces foreign sources on the topic previously for the most part not translated in Russia. Scientific novelty of Vershinina’s research lies in the fact that she identifies similarities and differences in theoretical approaches to the analysis of cities. Finally, the author determines the contribution of theories of the city to the development of modern sociological theory. At the same time, the reviewer draws attention to a number of omissions in the work of I.A. Vershinina such as the following: predominant research focus on neo-Marxist theories of the city, no description of A. Lefebvre’s process of production of space and its typology, the analysis’ exclusion of M. Castells’ theory of space in terms of his reasoning behind the process of the space of places transitioning to the space of flows, which generates significant social consequences in today’s world.
{"title":"To the Understanding of the City: the Role of Theory. Review on: Vershinina I.A. Contemporary Theories of the City: A Sociological Analysis [Monograph]. Moscow: Kanon + ROOI “Rehabilitation” publ., 2019","authors":"V. Thakahov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8992","url":null,"abstract":"The review considers the scientific monograph by I.A. Vershinina as the first domestic systematization and description of the key sociological theories that dominate modern urban sociology. The undoubted merit of the author consists of the following points. Into scientific circulation, the author introduces foreign sources on the topic previously for the most part not translated in Russia. Scientific novelty of Vershinina’s research lies in the fact that she identifies similarities and differences in theoretical approaches to the analysis of cities. Finally, the author determines the contribution of theories of the city to the development of modern sociological theory. At the same time, the reviewer draws attention to a number of omissions in the work of I.A. Vershinina such as the following: predominant research focus on neo-Marxist theories of the city, no description of A. Lefebvre’s process of production of space and its typology, the analysis’ exclusion of M. Castells’ theory of space in terms of his reasoning behind the process of the space of places transitioning to the space of flows, which generates significant social consequences in today’s world.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44152800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8993
V. Bocharov, S. Klimova
This article provides an analytical review of two major conferences on sociology of labor, held in December of 2021 and March of 2022. The central problem was the precarity of work and the situation of employees given conditions of unstable employment caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The thematic continuity of the events made it possible to realize the persistence and scale of the precarity phenomenon both as a topic of sociological knowledge and as a social problem. In particular, it is shown that precarious work, being intrinsic to an increasing number of people of various professions, warps not only the social role of the employee, but also undermines the role of work as the value- and meaning-forming framework of human life. The empirical data presented by the speakers proved that precarious employment is becoming a new form of exploitation, since it means a relatively low price of labor, a decline in an employee’s qualifications, a limited number of social guarantees, vulnerability in crisis situations. Remote work, something that has become widespread during the pandemic, has brought about not only certain advantages for both the employee and the company (efficiency, saving time and other resources, advanced training in the field of information technology), but also new forms of exploitation (extending the work day, using personal and familial resources for work, etc.). The article closes with conclusions regarding the potential demand for the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the scientific discussions held when it comes to counteracting the precarization of employment and labor relations.
{"title":"Is Russian Sociology of Labor Ready to Respond to New Challenges? (Analytical Review of Two Scientific Conferences)","authors":"V. Bocharov, S. Klimova","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8993","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an analytical review of two major conferences on sociology of labor, held in December of 2021 and March of 2022. The central problem was the precarity of work and the situation of employees given conditions of unstable employment caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The thematic continuity of the events made it possible to realize the persistence and scale of the precarity phenomenon both as a topic of sociological knowledge and as a social problem. In particular, it is shown that precarious work, being intrinsic to an increasing number of people of various professions, warps not only the social role of the employee, but also undermines the role of work as the value- and meaning-forming framework of human life.\u0000The empirical data presented by the speakers proved that precarious employment is becoming a new form of exploitation, since it means a relatively low price of labor, a decline in an employee’s qualifications, a limited number of social guarantees, vulnerability in crisis situations. Remote work, something that has become widespread during the pandemic, has brought about not only certain advantages for both the employee and the company (efficiency, saving time and other resources, advanced training in the field of information technology), but also new forms of exploitation (extending the work day, using personal and familial resources for work, etc.).\u0000The article closes with conclusions regarding the potential demand for the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the scientific discussions held when it comes to counteracting the precarization of employment and labor relations.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8985
M. Morev
The article is devoted to the analysis of social health trends reflected in the dynamics of individual causes and classes of causes of population morbidity and mortality, as well as in the dynamics of certain types of offenses. The work reviews the period of market transformations and includes data on Russia, federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation. The study is based on information from Russian and foreign statistical sources (the Federal State Statistics Service, the database of the World Bank and the World Health Organization). The author looks at social health as an indicator of society’s adaptation to the changing social reality. We emphasize the fact that when analyzing social health it needs to be taken into account that subjective personality traits currently play a greater role than before, which is important when selecting empirical indicators. Despite the steady decline in the dynamics of most social health indicators over the previous years, Russia has still remained one of the world’s leaders when it comes to the spread of a number of social pathologies, including population mortality from homicides and suicides. At the same time the aforementioned problem continues to bear a high degree of latency: according to various estimates, the actual scale on which social illness manifests exceeds by many times whatever is indicated in the official statistical information. The paper concludes that, as the complex negative consequences of the “chaotic 90’s” wane, the problem of social health does not disappear, but instead manifests in different forms. It demands to be studied more closely at the level of public consciousness, social perception and behavior.
{"title":"Modern Russian Society’s Social Health in the Dynamics of Demographic and Criminal Statistics","authors":"M. Morev","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8985","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of social health trends reflected in the dynamics of individual causes and classes of causes of population morbidity and mortality, as well as in the dynamics of certain types of offenses. The work reviews the period of market transformations and includes data on Russia, federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation. The study is based on information from Russian and foreign statistical sources (the Federal State Statistics Service, the database of the World Bank and the World Health Organization).\u0000The author looks at social health as an indicator of society’s adaptation to the changing social reality. We emphasize the fact that when analyzing social health it needs to be taken into account that subjective personality traits currently play a greater role than before, which is important when selecting empirical indicators.\u0000Despite the steady decline in the dynamics of most social health indicators over the previous years, Russia has still remained one of the world’s leaders when it comes to the spread of a number of social pathologies, including population mortality from homicides and suicides. At the same time the aforementioned problem continues to bear a high degree of latency: according to various estimates, the actual scale on which social illness manifests exceeds by many times whatever is indicated in the official statistical information.\u0000The paper concludes that, as the complex negative consequences of the “chaotic 90’s” wane, the problem of social health does not disappear, but instead manifests in different forms. It demands to be studied more closely at the level of public consciousness, social perception and behavior.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41275778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8984
P. Kozyreva, Aleksandr V. Smirnov
This is an article on the dynamics and specifics of people’s self-evaluation of the respect they receive from others, based on data from the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE)” (1994–2020). It shows that in recent years the dynamics of respect self-assessments have become somewhat shaky as opposed to them having been positive for quite a long period of time. In the minds of Russian people respect is rather vaguely linked to evaluation of financial status and possession of power. However there is a marked connection between where people place themselves on the scale of respect on one hand and such closely tied and unilateral components as tolerance and trust on the other. The influence of specific, personified interpersonal trust on the self-evaluations that were subject to analysis is more pronounced than that of general trust, which is still pretty low in Russian society. Association with the type of people who are generally respected by society depends more on one’s professional, civic and national identity than on political affiliation. Scores on the respect scale improve when a person partakes in work activity and has a positive outlook on their own professional qualities and achievements. People’s evaluation of how respected they are is boosted by professional growth and diminished by elevated anxiety on account of possibly becoming unemployed or facing difficulties trying to find a job, and in conditions of economic instability and uncertainty.
{"title":"A Respected Individual: Self-Identification Dynamics and Specifics, 1994–2020","authors":"P. Kozyreva, Aleksandr V. Smirnov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8984","url":null,"abstract":"This is an article on the dynamics and specifics of people’s self-evaluation of the respect they receive from others, based on data from the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE)” (1994–2020). It shows that in recent years the dynamics of respect self-assessments have become somewhat shaky as opposed to them having been positive for quite a long period of time. In the minds of Russian people respect is rather vaguely linked to evaluation of financial status and possession of power. However there is a marked connection between where people place themselves on the scale of respect on one hand and such closely tied and unilateral components as tolerance and trust on the other. The influence of specific, personified interpersonal trust on the self-evaluations that were subject to analysis is more pronounced than that of general trust, which is still pretty low in Russian society. Association with the type of people who are generally respected by society depends more on one’s professional, civic and national identity than on political affiliation. Scores on the respect scale improve when a person partakes in work activity and has a positive outlook on their own professional qualities and achievements. People’s evaluation of how respected they are is boosted by professional growth and diminished by elevated anxiety on account of possibly becoming unemployed or facing difficulties trying to find a job, and in conditions of economic instability and uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8988
L. Grinin, S. Malkov, A. Grinin, Andrey Korotayev
In the article, the authors pose and consider in detail the extremely topical question of whether capitalism has a future or will it be replaced by some new system. And if there is a future, then what kind of future is it? These are not new questions, but in the last few years they have acquired exceptional importance, since not only the left, but also representatives of the largest financial capital have started talking about the end of capitalism. The article deals with the following questions: what is capitalism as a way of life and as a system; what was the evolution of capitalism; what are his potentialities. In addition, various scenarios are considered and forecasts are given for the next 50–100 years. It is assumed that in the next few decades the development of capitalism may proceed differently in developed and developing countries, resulting in a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations and forms of capitalism. The authors believe that capitalism will be inevitably transformed to one degree or another, but the degree of such transformation can vary greatly. Various scenarios for the future of capitalism are considered: from maintaining its leading role to reducing capitalism to one of a few socio-economic subsystems.
{"title":"Will capitalism die? Reflections on the Capitalism of the Past, Present and Future","authors":"L. Grinin, S. Malkov, A. Grinin, Andrey Korotayev","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8988","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors pose and consider in detail the extremely topical question of whether capitalism has a future or will it be replaced by some new system. And if there is a future, then what kind of future is it? These are not new questions, but in the last few years they have acquired exceptional importance, since not only the left, but also representatives of the largest financial capital have started talking about the end of capitalism. The article deals with the following questions: what is capitalism as a way of life and as a system; what was the evolution of capitalism; what are his potentialities. In addition, various scenarios are considered and forecasts are given for the next 50–100 years. It is assumed that in the next few decades the development of capitalism may proceed differently in developed and developing countries, resulting in a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations and forms of capitalism. The authors believe that capitalism will be inevitably transformed to one degree or another, but the degree of such transformation can vary greatly. Various scenarios for the future of capitalism are considered: from maintaining its leading role to reducing capitalism to one of a few socio-economic subsystems.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48766442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8989
N. Golovin
The correspondence between P.A. Sorokin, head of the Harvard Centre for the Study of Creative Altruism, and L. von Wiese, president of the German Society for Sociology and publisher of a respected sociological journal, from 1945–1949 is instilled with worldview reflections and a search for a way out of the post-war moral dead-end for European civilization. This publication was prepared with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-011-00451, CGES Saint Petersburg and Bielefeld Universities, Grant No. 1 from 5.02.2021, on authorization from the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv, BAarch B320/39) and the Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection, University Archives & Special Collections, University Library at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Response letters from L. von Wiese to P.A. Sorokin are quoted in footnotes with numbering in Latin numerals. Footnote icons written in Arabic numerals refer to off-text notes.
{"title":"P.A. Sorokin and L. von Wiese: on the Publication of Selected Formal and Casual Correspondence between Sociologists (1945–1966)","authors":"N. Golovin","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8989","url":null,"abstract":"The correspondence between P.A. Sorokin, head of the Harvard Centre for the Study of Creative Altruism, and L. von Wiese, president of the German Society for Sociology and publisher of a respected sociological journal, from 1945–1949 is instilled with worldview reflections and a search for a way out of the post-war moral dead-end for European civilization. This publication was prepared with support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-011-00451, CGES Saint Petersburg and Bielefeld Universities, Grant No. 1 from 5.02.2021, on authorization from the German Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv, BAarch B320/39) and the Pitirim A. Sorokin Collection, University Archives & Special Collections, University Library at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Response letters from L. von Wiese to P.A. Sorokin are quoted in footnotes with numbering in Latin numerals. Footnote icons written in Arabic numerals refer to off-text notes.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46972555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8986
O. Sinyavskaya, A. Cherviakova, E. Gorvat
. This paper is devoted to analyzing the impact of labor mobility and life-long learning on employment termination, as well as to revealing the work characteristics that keep individuals on the labor market. It contributes to the discussion about factors associated with a person leaving the labor market to become economically inactive in retirement. In foreign and domestic literature most of the research is devoted to studying how personal and familial characteristics, as well as human capital influence employment. The impact of employment characteristics, labor mobility and life-long learning on a person’s chances to maintain a job has not been sufficiently studied, and the studies that do exist often come to contradictory conclusions. The research is based on 10 annual waves of the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE)” conducted from 2010 to 2019. Using the Cox regression with time-varying covariates, we obtained the hazard ratios of leaving the labor market for people at the age of 45 and older, for men and women. The results show that participation in life-long learning increases the chances of continuing to be employed by 19,1%, with that being more important for women. Labor mobility increases the risk of unemployment by more than 3,5 times for the target group, especially for men. The most common characteristics of employment in Russia — formal employment, full-time work, working in medium-sized or large enterprises — contribute to maintaining employment by 42, 19, 28–36%, respectively. Types of work outside of enterprises or organizations, as well as in private companies, accelerate the transition to unemployment.
{"title":"Factors that Lead to Leaving the Labor Market at the Age of 45 and up in Russia: Role of Job Characteristics, Labor Mobility and Life-Long Learning","authors":"O. Sinyavskaya, A. Cherviakova, E. Gorvat","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8986","url":null,"abstract":". This paper is devoted to analyzing the impact of labor mobility and life-long learning on employment termination, as well as to revealing the work characteristics that keep individuals on the labor market. It contributes to the discussion about factors associated with a person leaving the labor market to become economically inactive in retirement. In foreign and domestic literature most of the research is devoted to studying how personal and familial characteristics, as well as human capital influence employment. The impact of employment characteristics, labor mobility and life-long learning on a person’s chances to maintain a job has not been sufficiently studied, and the studies that do exist often come to contradictory conclusions.\u0000The research is based on 10 annual waves of the “Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS–HSE)” conducted from 2010 to 2019. Using the Cox regression with time-varying covariates, we obtained the hazard ratios of leaving the labor market for people at the age of 45 and older, for men and women.\u0000The results show that participation in life-long learning increases the chances of continuing to be employed by 19,1%, with that being more important for women. Labor mobility increases the risk of unemployment by more than 3,5 times for the target group, especially for men. The most common characteristics of employment in Russia — formal employment, full-time work, working in medium-sized or large enterprises — contribute to maintaining employment by 42, 19, 28–36%, respectively. Types of work outside of enterprises or organizations, as well as in private companies, accelerate the transition to unemployment.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8987
A. Zemtsov
This paper is dedicated to studying the value of democracy and authoritarian government in the political consciousness of citizens of post-communist countries three decades after the democratic transition. The author primarily examines the dynamics of said value and the complex ways in which a country’s socio-demographic characteristics, political regime type and economic development can impact their acceptance of democratic values. The author also analyzes such a thesis as “crisis of democracy”, particularly in post-communist regimes, what sort of causes, factors lie at the bottom this crisis and how potential deconsolidation can affect political culture. The study is built on comparative data from surveys by project “Life in Transition Survey”, which was conducted in 28 post-communist countries in 2006, 2010 and 2016. In the beginning the author’s reasoning is rooted in modernization theory and transitology — the most prevalent approaches in the study of post-communist regimes — with them being examined in critical light, and used as a foundation to put forward three key theses on the effect of individual and national factors on the value of democracy. The study shows that levels of support for democracy can vary significantly from country to country. Regardless, it is in higher demand in the vast majority of post-communist societies compared to the authoritarian alternative and the absentee position. However, while continuing to be the most sought after, democracy’s value rating is deteriorating. With the help of multi-level ordinal regression analysis, the author was able to identify certain stable patterns: first of all, the more social resources people possess — the more inclined they are to maintain the value of democracy, secondly, the less economically developed a country — the higher the value of democracy among its citizens, thirdly, regime type does influence the value of democracy, but the effects of such influence vary from year to year. Nevertheless, these results in part disprove the logic of modernization theory and transitology. The author offers his own original explanations and interpretations of the results.
{"title":"The Choice between Democracy and Authoritarian Government in the Minds of Citizens of Post-Communist Countries: Factors and Dynamics","authors":"A. Zemtsov","doi":"10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8987","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is dedicated to studying the value of democracy and authoritarian government in the political consciousness of citizens of post-communist countries three decades after the democratic transition. The author primarily examines the dynamics of said value and the complex ways in which a country’s socio-demographic characteristics, political regime type and economic development can impact their acceptance of democratic values. The author also analyzes such a thesis as “crisis of democracy”, particularly in post-communist regimes, what sort of causes, factors lie at the bottom this crisis and how potential deconsolidation can affect political culture. The study is built on comparative data from surveys by project “Life in Transition Survey”, which was conducted in 28 post-communist countries in 2006, 2010 and 2016. In the beginning the author’s reasoning is rooted in modernization theory and transitology — the most prevalent approaches in the study of post-communist regimes — with them being examined in critical light, and used as a foundation to put forward three key theses on the effect of individual and national factors on the value of democracy.\u0000The study shows that levels of support for democracy can vary significantly from country to country. Regardless, it is in higher demand in the vast majority of post-communist societies compared to the authoritarian alternative and the absentee position. However, while continuing to be the most sought after, democracy’s value rating is deteriorating. With the help of multi-level ordinal regression analysis, the author was able to identify certain stable patterns: first of all, the more social resources people possess — the more inclined they are to maintain the value of democracy, secondly, the less economically developed a country — the higher the value of democracy among its citizens, thirdly, regime type does influence the value of democracy, but the effects of such influence vary from year to year. Nevertheless, these results in part disprove the logic of modernization theory and transitology. The author offers his own original explanations and interpretations of the results.","PeriodicalId":35261,"journal":{"name":"Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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