首页 > 最新文献

Labor Studies Journal最新文献

英文 中文
Labor Unrest and the Future of Work: Global Struggles Against Food Delivery Platforms 劳工动乱和工作的未来:全球反对外卖平台的斗争
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X231178780
M. Stuart, Vera Trappmann, Ioulia Bessa, Simon Joyce, Denis Neumann, Charles Umney
Labor struggle and workers ’ collective agency are central concerns of labor studies researchers. Such an appreciation seems particularly apposite given contemporary debates around the future of work. As Schulze-Cleven and Vachon (2021) note, much future of work debate has been inscribed by technological and market fundamen-talism. The actions and experiences of workers are often absent from a narrative that instead tends to focus on predicting the extent of technology-driven job destruction or state policies that help workers navigate a future of profound industrial transformation. Against this, Schulze – Cleven and Vachon ’ s edited volume stands as an important corrective, offering an analytical approach that revalues labor within a human-centered future of work that extends beyond a purely technological focus to also incorporate environmental change and social reproduction. This symposium contribution builds on Schulze – Cleven and Vachon ’ s analytical approach to focus on labor struggles inter-nationally in the platform economy. For Schulze-Cleven (2021), core features of a labor studies approach include putting the experiences of working people and how they look to defend and advance their interests through collective action at the center of analysis. While platform work still accounts for a small proportion of total employment, platforms are often seen to be key drivers of capitalist restructuring predicated on more insecure and precarious jobs. Platform work is typically characterized by dubious forms of self-employment, set against historical ideals of a standard employment contract, whereby tasks are
劳动斗争和工人的集体能动性是劳动研究者关注的焦点。考虑到当代围绕作品未来的争论,这种赞赏似乎特别恰当。正如Schulze Cleven和Vachon(2021)所指出的,许多关于未来工作的辩论都被技术和市场基金主义所铭记。工人的行动和经历往往没有出现在叙事中,而是倾向于预测技术驱动的工作破坏的程度,或帮助工人驾驭深刻工业转型的未来的国家政策。与此相反,Schulze–Cleven和Vachon编辑的这本书是一个重要的纠正,它提供了一种分析方法,在以人为中心的未来工作中重新评估劳动力,这种方法超越了纯粹的技术关注,还将环境变化和社会再生产纳入其中。本次研讨会的贡献建立在Schulze–Cleven和Vachon的分析方法的基础上,该方法专注于平台经济中的跨国劳工斗争。Schulze Cleven(2021)认为,劳工研究方法的核心特征包括将劳动人民的经历以及他们如何通过集体行动捍卫和促进自己的利益置于分析的中心。尽管平台工作仍占总就业人数的一小部分,但平台往往被视为资本主义重组的关键驱动力,而资本主义重组的基础是更不安全和不稳定的工作。平台工作的特点通常是可疑的自营职业形式,与标准雇佣合同的历史理想背道而驰,根据标准雇佣合同,任务是
{"title":"Labor Unrest and the Future of Work: Global Struggles Against Food Delivery Platforms","authors":"M. Stuart, Vera Trappmann, Ioulia Bessa, Simon Joyce, Denis Neumann, Charles Umney","doi":"10.1177/0160449X231178780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X231178780","url":null,"abstract":"Labor struggle and workers ’ collective agency are central concerns of labor studies researchers. Such an appreciation seems particularly apposite given contemporary debates around the future of work. As Schulze-Cleven and Vachon (2021) note, much future of work debate has been inscribed by technological and market fundamen-talism. The actions and experiences of workers are often absent from a narrative that instead tends to focus on predicting the extent of technology-driven job destruction or state policies that help workers navigate a future of profound industrial transformation. Against this, Schulze – Cleven and Vachon ’ s edited volume stands as an important corrective, offering an analytical approach that revalues labor within a human-centered future of work that extends beyond a purely technological focus to also incorporate environmental change and social reproduction. This symposium contribution builds on Schulze – Cleven and Vachon ’ s analytical approach to focus on labor struggles inter-nationally in the platform economy. For Schulze-Cleven (2021), core features of a labor studies approach include putting the experiences of working people and how they look to defend and advance their interests through collective action at the center of analysis. While platform work still accounts for a small proportion of total employment, platforms are often seen to be key drivers of capitalist restructuring predicated on more insecure and precarious jobs. Platform work is typically characterized by dubious forms of self-employment, set against historical ideals of a standard employment contract, whereby tasks are","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"287 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Time Use and Subjective Well-Being of Multiple Jobholders: Evidence From the American Time Use Survey 多重就业者的时间使用与主观幸福感——来自美国时间使用调查的证据
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/0160449x231174938
B. Hill
Millions of workers hold more than one job. Multiple jobholders work various combinations of part-time and full-time jobs, which suggests they might spend their time differently than single jobholders, and the second job might affect an individual's subjective well-being. Using data from the 2003-2019 American Time Use Survey, I show that multiple jobholders work and commute more, and spend less time relaxing, sleeping, and doing housework than single jobholders. Overall, multiple jobholders are less likely to report being rested and having a good life relative to single jobholders. I also show how these differences vary by gender and race.
数以百万计的工人从事不止一份工作。多份工作的人从事各种兼职和全职工作的组合,这表明他们花时间的方式可能与单一工作的人不同,第二份工作可能会影响个人的主观幸福感。根据2003-2019年美国人时间使用调查的数据,我表明,与单身人士相比,有多份工作的人工作和通勤时间更多,花在放松、睡觉和做家务上的时间更少。总的来说,与单身人士相比,拥有多份工作的人不太可能说自己休息得好、生活得好。我还展示了这些差异如何因性别和种族而异。
{"title":"Time Use and Subjective Well-Being of Multiple Jobholders: Evidence From the American Time Use Survey","authors":"B. Hill","doi":"10.1177/0160449x231174938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x231174938","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of workers hold more than one job. Multiple jobholders work various combinations of part-time and full-time jobs, which suggests they might spend their time differently than single jobholders, and the second job might affect an individual's subjective well-being. Using data from the 2003-2019 American Time Use Survey, I show that multiple jobholders work and commute more, and spend less time relaxing, sleeping, and doing housework than single jobholders. Overall, multiple jobholders are less likely to report being rested and having a good life relative to single jobholders. I also show how these differences vary by gender and race.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47051014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Universities and the Labour Market: Graduate Transitions from Education to Employment by Magdalena Jelonek 书评:《大学和劳动力市场:毕业生从教育到就业的过渡》,作者:Magdalena Jelonek
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/0160449x231169227
Susan Flavelle
Magdalena Jelonek’s Universities and the Labour Market: Transitions from Education to Employment is a critical review of Poland’s Career Development Programme (CDP). A government-led initiative beginning in 2014 that provided grants to postsecondary institutions, CDP was intended to support soon-to-be postsecondary graduates in the transition to full employment by developing in-demand work competences not typically part of university or college curricula. Institutions proposed projects that aligned with one of the five competence streams—professional, communication, IT, analytical, and entrepreneurship—and winning projects would be greenlit and funds allocated to the school. Jelonek uses the outcomes of the program to critically examine the role of universities as economic stimuli and worker competence development at a time when the commodification of higher education is increasingly conspicuous. While the program was not considered a clear success in Poland, Jelonek situates the economic intervention within a labor market that at the time was quickly strengthening after the 2008 global recession in order to better understand its outcomes and how the program can be used as a model moving forward. The first two parts of the book are devoted to contextualizing the socio-economic paradigms that informed the program. Jelonek weaves together a critical analysis of dominant neoliberal ideologies that prioritize labor as human capital and mesh with the growing commodification and “massification” of Poland’s higher education industry (p. 3). She argues that because the value of education is widely regarded as relative, workers are reliant on signaling their skill and competence level to employers. As such, public interventions, such as CDP, lean heavily into performative outcomes such as certificates that can be included in CVs. A material motivation to participate in the CDP skewed participation in favor of competence streams that provided tangible rewards (such as certificates) for completing projects. Additionally, a lack of equitable stop-gaps in the application process led to already well-supported institutions and students winning the majority of the grants. While this divide in accessibility was not officially documented, Jelonek suggests that it had an unintended effect on the documented outcomes of the program. The driving strength of Universities and the Labour Market comes from Jelonek’s dissection of the program’s outcomes in third and final part of the book. In accounting Book Reviews
Magdalena Jelonek的《大学与劳动力市场:从教育到就业的转变》是对波兰职业发展计划(CDP)的一篇批评性评论。CDP是一项始于2014年的政府主导的举措,旨在通过培养需求旺盛的工作能力来支持即将毕业的中学后毕业生向充分就业过渡,而这通常不是大学或学院课程的一部分。各院校提出的项目符合五大能力流之一——专业、沟通、IT、分析和创业——获奖项目将获得批准,资金将分配给学校。杰洛内克利用该项目的成果,批判性地审视了在高等教育商品化日益明显之际,大学作为经济刺激和工人能力发展的作用。虽然该计划在波兰并不明显成功,但杰洛内克将经济干预置于2008年全球经济衰退后迅速加强的劳动力市场中,以更好地了解其结果,以及如何将该计划用作前进的模式。本书的前两部分致力于将为该计划提供信息的社会经济范式置于背景中。杰洛内克对占主导地位的新自由主义意识形态进行了批判性分析,这些意识形态将劳动力视为人力资本,并与波兰高等教育行业日益商品化和“大众化”相结合(第3页)。她认为,由于教育的价值被广泛认为是相对的,工人们依赖于向雇主表明他们的技能和能力水平。因此,公共干预,如CDP,在很大程度上倾向于绩效结果,如可以包含在简历中的证书。参与CDP的物质动机偏向于为完成项目提供有形奖励(如证书)的能力流。此外,申请过程中缺乏公平的权宜之计,导致本已得到良好支持的机构和学生赢得了大部分资助。虽然这种可访问性方面的分歧没有正式记录在案,但杰洛内克认为,这对项目的记录结果产生了意想不到的影响。《大学与劳动力市场》的推动力来自杰洛内克在本书第三部分也是最后一部分对该项目成果的剖析。会计账簿审查
{"title":"Book Review: Universities and the Labour Market: Graduate Transitions from Education to Employment by Magdalena Jelonek","authors":"Susan Flavelle","doi":"10.1177/0160449x231169227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x231169227","url":null,"abstract":"Magdalena Jelonek’s Universities and the Labour Market: Transitions from Education to Employment is a critical review of Poland’s Career Development Programme (CDP). A government-led initiative beginning in 2014 that provided grants to postsecondary institutions, CDP was intended to support soon-to-be postsecondary graduates in the transition to full employment by developing in-demand work competences not typically part of university or college curricula. Institutions proposed projects that aligned with one of the five competence streams—professional, communication, IT, analytical, and entrepreneurship—and winning projects would be greenlit and funds allocated to the school. Jelonek uses the outcomes of the program to critically examine the role of universities as economic stimuli and worker competence development at a time when the commodification of higher education is increasingly conspicuous. While the program was not considered a clear success in Poland, Jelonek situates the economic intervention within a labor market that at the time was quickly strengthening after the 2008 global recession in order to better understand its outcomes and how the program can be used as a model moving forward. The first two parts of the book are devoted to contextualizing the socio-economic paradigms that informed the program. Jelonek weaves together a critical analysis of dominant neoliberal ideologies that prioritize labor as human capital and mesh with the growing commodification and “massification” of Poland’s higher education industry (p. 3). She argues that because the value of education is widely regarded as relative, workers are reliant on signaling their skill and competence level to employers. As such, public interventions, such as CDP, lean heavily into performative outcomes such as certificates that can be included in CVs. A material motivation to participate in the CDP skewed participation in favor of competence streams that provided tangible rewards (such as certificates) for completing projects. Additionally, a lack of equitable stop-gaps in the application process led to already well-supported institutions and students winning the majority of the grants. While this divide in accessibility was not officially documented, Jelonek suggests that it had an unintended effect on the documented outcomes of the program. The driving strength of Universities and the Labour Market comes from Jelonek’s dissection of the program’s outcomes in third and final part of the book. In accounting Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"213 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47669446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Blood Money: The Story of Life, Death & Profit Inside America's Blood Industry by McLaughlin, Kathleen 书评:《血钱:美国血液工业中的生、死与利的故事》,作者:McLaughlin,Kathleen
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/0160449x231169237
Mike Matejka
{"title":"Book Review: Blood Money: The Story of Life, Death & Profit Inside America's Blood Industry by McLaughlin, Kathleen","authors":"Mike Matejka","doi":"10.1177/0160449x231169237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x231169237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"216 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions, Politics, and Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank by Jacoby, Sanford M 书评:《金融时代的劳工:从去工业化到多德-弗兰克的养老金、政治和公司》,作者:Jacoby,Sanford M
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/0160449x231169236
R. Bruno
number of participants who registered as unemployed was deceptively high. Participants were more willing than their counterparts to use public welfare supports while transitioning to the labor force, but the time it took to transition was shorter for participants. One of Jelonek’s more interesting, and less surprising, discoveries is that despite the high student demand for streams which provided signals to employers, follow-up surveys discovered that participants actually found the less tangible competence streams much more useful in their careers. The detailed examination of the theoretical framework and methodological limitations of the CDP make Universities and the Labour Market a valuable tool for building programs designed to help students transition to work after graduating. Her detailed discussion of the sampling techniques used to assess the validity of the CDP should be of particular interest to policy researchers. Jelonek lays the groundwork for a jumping-off point to assess university-based supports for competence development or co-op courses. Understanding that support programs such as CDP are not short-term solutions, and that such programs should aim to develop a broad range of competences, will help those who are developing department-wide employment initiatives.
登记失业的参与者人数高得令人难以置信。参与者比他们的同行更愿意在过渡到劳动力队伍时使用公共福利支持,但参与者过渡所需的时间更短。杰洛内克的一个更有趣、也不那么令人惊讶的发现是,尽管学生对流的需求很高,这为雇主提供了信号,但后续调查发现,参与者实际上发现,不太明显的能力流在他们的职业生涯中更有用。对CDP的理论框架和方法局限性的详细审查使大学和劳动力市场成为建立旨在帮助学生毕业后过渡到工作岗位的项目的宝贵工具。她对用于评估CDP有效性的抽样技术的详细讨论应该引起政策研究人员的特别兴趣。Jelonek为评估大学对能力发展或合作课程的支持奠定了基础。了解CDP等支持计划不是短期解决方案,并且此类计划应旨在培养广泛的能力,这将有助于那些正在制定部门范围就业计划的人。
{"title":"Book Review: Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions, Politics, and Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank by Jacoby, Sanford M","authors":"R. Bruno","doi":"10.1177/0160449x231169236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449x231169236","url":null,"abstract":"number of participants who registered as unemployed was deceptively high. Participants were more willing than their counterparts to use public welfare supports while transitioning to the labor force, but the time it took to transition was shorter for participants. One of Jelonek’s more interesting, and less surprising, discoveries is that despite the high student demand for streams which provided signals to employers, follow-up surveys discovered that participants actually found the less tangible competence streams much more useful in their careers. The detailed examination of the theoretical framework and methodological limitations of the CDP make Universities and the Labour Market a valuable tool for building programs designed to help students transition to work after graduating. Her detailed discussion of the sampling techniques used to assess the validity of the CDP should be of particular interest to policy researchers. Jelonek lays the groundwork for a jumping-off point to assess university-based supports for competence development or co-op courses. Understanding that support programs such as CDP are not short-term solutions, and that such programs should aim to develop a broad range of competences, will help those who are developing department-wide employment initiatives.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"214 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Postdoc Identity, Jurisdictional Issues, Ideologies, and Unions: Considerations in Organizing Professionals Postdoc身份、管辖权问题、意识形态和工会:组织专业人士的思考
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X231155636
Gary Rhoades
This study of U.S. postdocs and unions analyzes the public discourse of national entities, a national postdoc advocacy group, and of local postdoc unions and their collective bargaining agreements. The analytical focus and findings address: (a) postdocs’ identity as “professors-in-training” or exploited employees; (b) the professional jurisdictional issues and due process rights identified as problematic and on which postdocs’ bargaining is focused; and (c) broader ideologies and social justice issues that characterize postdocs’ working conditions and that inform their mobilizing. The findings offer insights into organizing professionals in a time when their status/work is being degraded.
这项针对美国博士后和工会的研究分析了国家实体、国家博士后倡导团体、地方博士后工会及其集体谈判协议的公共话语。分析的重点和发现涉及:(a)博士后作为“培训中的教授”或被剥削的员工的身份;(b) 专业管辖权问题和正当程序权利被认定为有问题,博士后的谈判重点是这些问题;以及(c)更广泛的意识形态和社会正义问题,这些问题是博士后工作条件的特点,并为他们的动员提供信息。这些发现为在专业人员的地位/工作正在下降的时候组织他们提供了见解。
{"title":"Postdoc Identity, Jurisdictional Issues, Ideologies, and Unions: Considerations in Organizing Professionals","authors":"Gary Rhoades","doi":"10.1177/0160449X231155636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X231155636","url":null,"abstract":"This study of U.S. postdocs and unions analyzes the public discourse of national entities, a national postdoc advocacy group, and of local postdoc unions and their collective bargaining agreements. The analytical focus and findings address: (a) postdocs’ identity as “professors-in-training” or exploited employees; (b) the professional jurisdictional issues and due process rights identified as problematic and on which postdocs’ bargaining is focused; and (c) broader ideologies and social justice issues that characterize postdocs’ working conditions and that inform their mobilizing. The findings offer insights into organizing professionals in a time when their status/work is being degraded.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"101 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unionization at Volkswagen in Chattanooga: A Postmortem 查塔努加大众汽车工会:事后分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X231162593
A. Walker
Declining unionization rates in the private sector have long been a major object of research across the social sciences and among students of the labor movement. Nowhere is this issue felt more acutely than in core productive sectors of the American South, where employers have beaten back nearly every significant organizing effort. These problems are epitomized by the United Autoworkers Workers’ 2014 defeat at the hands of German automaker Volkswagen in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it failed to win an election despite management's ostensible neutrality. Though various competing explanations have been offered, I attribute the UAW's underwhelming performance principally to the union's own mistakes and shortcomings. Applying an analytical framework first proposed by Marshall Ganz, I argue that on three key measures of organizational performance—access to information, strategic capacity, and ongoing learning—the UAW fell short, ultimately sealing its fate. First, the UAW neglected to draw important lessons from its previous efforts to organize foreign-owned automakers, which often bore an uncanny resemblance to Volkswagen. Second, the UAW did not deploy its resources effectively, all but disregarding the widely held “best practices” and often displaying a more fundamental ineptitude. Finally, while successful unions adapt to changing conditions, the UAW suffered from path dependency, refusing to make necessary corrections when its pre-ordained strategy sent it veering off-course. These findings suggest, contra the dominant narrative, that the UAW bears some responsibility for its own organizing failures, with profound implications for the future of unions in the American South and beyond.
长期以来,私营部门工会化率的下降一直是社会科学和劳工运动学生研究的主要对象。在美国南部的核心生产部门,这个问题的感受最为强烈,在那里,雇主们几乎击退了所有重要的组织努力。2014年,美国汽车工人联合会(United Autoworkers Workers)在田纳西州查塔努加(Chattanooga)败给德国汽车制造商大众(Volkswagen),体现了这些问题。尽管管理层表面上保持中立,但联合会未能赢得选举。尽管人们提出了各种相互矛盾的解释,但我认为联合汽车工人工会表现不佳的主要原因是工会自己的错误和缺点。运用Marshall Ganz首先提出的分析框架,我认为在组织绩效的三个关键指标上——获取信息、战略能力和持续学习——UAW达不到要求,最终决定了它的命运。首先,UAW忽视了从之前组织外资汽车制造商的努力中吸取重要教训,这些外资汽车制造商往往与大众汽车有着惊人的相似之处。其次,美国汽车工人联合会没有有效地部署其资源,几乎无视广泛接受的“最佳做法”,经常表现出更根本的无能。最后,尽管成功的工会能够适应不断变化的环境,但联合汽车工人联合会(UAW)却受制于路径依赖,当其预先制定的战略使其偏离轨道时,它拒绝做出必要的纠正。这些发现表明,与主流的叙述相反,UAW对自己的组织失败负有一定的责任,这对美国南部及其他地区工会的未来有着深远的影响。
{"title":"Unionization at Volkswagen in Chattanooga: A Postmortem","authors":"A. Walker","doi":"10.1177/0160449X231162593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X231162593","url":null,"abstract":"Declining unionization rates in the private sector have long been a major object of research across the social sciences and among students of the labor movement. Nowhere is this issue felt more acutely than in core productive sectors of the American South, where employers have beaten back nearly every significant organizing effort. These problems are epitomized by the United Autoworkers Workers’ 2014 defeat at the hands of German automaker Volkswagen in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it failed to win an election despite management's ostensible neutrality. Though various competing explanations have been offered, I attribute the UAW's underwhelming performance principally to the union's own mistakes and shortcomings. Applying an analytical framework first proposed by Marshall Ganz, I argue that on three key measures of organizational performance—access to information, strategic capacity, and ongoing learning—the UAW fell short, ultimately sealing its fate. First, the UAW neglected to draw important lessons from its previous efforts to organize foreign-owned automakers, which often bore an uncanny resemblance to Volkswagen. Second, the UAW did not deploy its resources effectively, all but disregarding the widely held “best practices” and often displaying a more fundamental ineptitude. Finally, while successful unions adapt to changing conditions, the UAW suffered from path dependency, refusing to make necessary corrections when its pre-ordained strategy sent it veering off-course. These findings suggest, contra the dominant narrative, that the UAW bears some responsibility for its own organizing failures, with profound implications for the future of unions in the American South and beyond.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"121 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Case History of the FTQ's Social Stewards Network: A Unique Experiment in Union Peer Support for Mental Health in Workplaces in Quebec, Canada FTQ社会管家网络的案例历史:加拿大魁北克工作场所工会同伴心理健康支持的一项独特实验
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X231163533
Mélanie Dufour-Poirier, Francine D’Ortun
This article summarizes 10 years of research on an alternative actor providing peer support in Quebec workplaces since 1983: the Quebec Federation of Labor's Union Social Stewards Peer Support Network. Such work fills the gap in research on unions’ capacity to act with respect to workplace mental health and take collective control of preventing its injuries. Data were collated through 12 discussions (120-min) groups and some 60 semi-structured individual (90-min) interviews. Our findings highlight the importance of local unionism in maintaining workplace mental health. They also reiterate unions’ need to consider mental health injuries in the workplace as opportunities for reconstructing their strategies so as to rethink work and help institute a truly preventive strategy involving all stakeholders.
本文总结了自1983年以来10年来关于在魁北克工作场所提供同伴支持的替代行为者的研究:魁北克劳工联合会社会管家同伴支持网络。这项工作填补了关于工会在工作场所心理健康方面采取行动和集体控制防止其伤害的能力的研究空白。数据通过12个讨论(120分钟)小组和大约60个半结构化个人(90分钟)访谈进行整理。我们的研究结果强调了地方工会主义在维护工作场所心理健康方面的重要性。他们还重申,工会需要将工作场所的心理健康伤害视为重建战略的机会,以便重新思考工作,并帮助制定一项真正的预防战略,让所有利益相关者都参与进来。
{"title":"Case History of the FTQ's Social Stewards Network: A Unique Experiment in Union Peer Support for Mental Health in Workplaces in Quebec, Canada","authors":"Mélanie Dufour-Poirier, Francine D’Ortun","doi":"10.1177/0160449X231163533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X231163533","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes 10 years of research on an alternative actor providing peer support in Quebec workplaces since 1983: the Quebec Federation of Labor's Union Social Stewards Peer Support Network. Such work fills the gap in research on unions’ capacity to act with respect to workplace mental health and take collective control of preventing its injuries. Data were collated through 12 discussions (120-min) groups and some 60 semi-structured individual (90-min) interviews. Our findings highlight the importance of local unionism in maintaining workplace mental health. They also reiterate unions’ need to consider mental health injuries in the workplace as opportunities for reconstructing their strategies so as to rethink work and help institute a truly preventive strategy involving all stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"149 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47393797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Teachers’ Unions Do for Teachers When Collective Bargaining is Prohibited 当集体谈判被禁止时,教师工会为教师做了什么
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X231164188
E. Han, Jeffrey H. Keefe
Our research examines the relationship between teachers’ unions, teacher compensation, employment conditions, and turnover in Southern US states that prohibit the collective bargaining of public school teachers. We assess union strength by meet-and-confer status and the teacher union density of districts and estimate union impact using propensity score matching. We find that teachers’ unions are positively associated with teacher compensation and employment conditions, even in the absence of collective bargaining. Districts with strong unions have higher dismissals of nontenured teachers for poor performance and a lower attrition rate of qualified teachers, compared to districts with weak unions. This study shows that teachers’ unions in the United States still organize without formal labor-management institutions and make a significant impact on teachers’ work lives, even in a hostile legal environment toward unions.
我们的研究考察了禁止公立学校教师集体谈判的美国南部各州教师工会、教师薪酬、就业条件和营业额之间的关系。我们通过会面和授予地位和地区教师工会密度来评估工会强度,并使用倾向得分匹配来估计工会的影响。我们发现,即使在没有集体谈判的情况下,教师工会也与教师薪酬和就业条件呈正相关。与工会薄弱的地区相比,工会强大的地区因表现不佳而解雇非终身教职教师的比例更高,合格教师的流失率也更低。这项研究表明,美国的教师工会仍然没有正式的劳动管理机构,即使在对工会充满敌意的法律环境中,也对教师的工作生活产生了重大影响。
{"title":"What Teachers’ Unions Do for Teachers When Collective Bargaining is Prohibited","authors":"E. Han, Jeffrey H. Keefe","doi":"10.1177/0160449X231164188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X231164188","url":null,"abstract":"Our research examines the relationship between teachers’ unions, teacher compensation, employment conditions, and turnover in Southern US states that prohibit the collective bargaining of public school teachers. We assess union strength by meet-and-confer status and the teacher union density of districts and estimate union impact using propensity score matching. We find that teachers’ unions are positively associated with teacher compensation and employment conditions, even in the absence of collective bargaining. Districts with strong unions have higher dismissals of nontenured teachers for poor performance and a lower attrition rate of qualified teachers, compared to districts with weak unions. This study shows that teachers’ unions in the United States still organize without formal labor-management institutions and make a significant impact on teachers’ work lives, even in a hostile legal environment toward unions.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"183 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42880507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Benefits and Limitations of Contingent Faculty Unionization: A Comparison of a Union and Non-Union Institution 偶然的教师工会化的好处和局限性:一个工会和非工会机构的比较
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/0160449X221142618
Elizabeth Klainot-Hess
While union membership has declined over the last several decades, there has been a recent surge in union organizing among contingent faculty—non-tenure-track faculty who tend to experience low wages and job insecurity. Based on interviews with 100 contingent faculty at two large public research universities—one where contingent faculty are unionized, and one where they are not—this article demonstrates that contingent faculty at the unionized institution experience higher job satisfaction, greater job security, and higher wages than those at the non-unionized university, but that the union still faces some limitations in improving contingent faculty jobs.
虽然工会成员人数在过去几十年里有所下降,但最近在临时教职员工中组织工会的人数激增,这些非终身教职员工往往工资低,工作不稳定。基于对两所大型公立研究型大学的100名临时教师的采访——其中一所大学的临时教师加入了工会,另一所大学的临时教师没有加入工会——本文表明,与未加入工会的大学相比,加入工会的大学的临时教师有更高的工作满意度、更大的工作保障和更高的工资,但工会在改善临时教师工作方面仍面临一些限制。
{"title":"The Benefits and Limitations of Contingent Faculty Unionization: A Comparison of a Union and Non-Union Institution","authors":"Elizabeth Klainot-Hess","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221142618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221142618","url":null,"abstract":"While union membership has declined over the last several decades, there has been a recent surge in union organizing among contingent faculty—non-tenure-track faculty who tend to experience low wages and job insecurity. Based on interviews with 100 contingent faculty at two large public research universities—one where contingent faculty are unionized, and one where they are not—this article demonstrates that contingent faculty at the unionized institution experience higher job satisfaction, greater job security, and higher wages than those at the non-unionized university, but that the union still faces some limitations in improving contingent faculty jobs.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"70 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42257262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Labor Studies Journal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1