Allar Padari, Andres Kiviste, Diana Laarmann, Ahto Kangur
Abstract The stand level gross volume increment models are used to estimate the future production of tree stands. Very often, the stand growth and yield in the models used in practice are described by the tree volume increment that includes the diameter growth function with the tree height together with stem taper as the input variables. The currently used function of stand volume increment in Estonia included also stand relative density as an additional input variable. In the current study, we developed a basal area increment function based on the periodic measurement data of the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots (ENFRP). As in the earlier model of stand volume increment developed by Priit Kohava, in the current model the basal area increment of tree species is developed for a pure stand, and for mixed stands, the proportion of the tree species’ basal area is used. The tests in our data indicated that the periodic increment prognosis had good fit in the case of variable share of tree species in the main storey and coincide with the earlier studies by Finnish and Swedish colleagues. The developed model of basal area increment predictions are expectedly higher than the earlier model predictions for the most tree species and stand relative densities.
{"title":"The model of stand basal area gross growth on the data of the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots","authors":"Allar Padari, Andres Kiviste, Diana Laarmann, Ahto Kangur","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stand level gross volume increment models are used to estimate the future production of tree stands. Very often, the stand growth and yield in the models used in practice are described by the tree volume increment that includes the diameter growth function with the tree height together with stem taper as the input variables. The currently used function of stand volume increment in Estonia included also stand relative density as an additional input variable. In the current study, we developed a basal area increment function based on the periodic measurement data of the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots (ENFRP). As in the earlier model of stand volume increment developed by Priit Kohava, in the current model the basal area increment of tree species is developed for a pure stand, and for mixed stands, the proportion of the tree species’ basal area is used. The tests in our data indicated that the periodic increment prognosis had good fit in the case of variable share of tree species in the main storey and coincide with the earlier studies by Finnish and Swedish colleagues. The developed model of basal area increment predictions are expectedly higher than the earlier model predictions for the most tree species and stand relative densities.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We analysed the quantity and quality of Quercus robur L. acorns after years with a very poor yield under the canopy of natural oak stands of various compositions, ages and stock densities in the northeastern part of Ukraine. We determined the mass of 1,000 healthy and damaged acorns of the current year. The levels of variability were estimated for the number and mass of acorns under the canopy of the studied stands. The dependences of the number of acorns on the age of oak stands and their stock density were studied. The total number of acorns under the canopy of natural oak stands was 9,900–19,000 seeds per hectare with a total mass of 26.8–54.1 kg per hectare in 2020 and 8,600–17,200 seeds per hectare with a total mass of 22.7–48.4 kg per hectare in 2021. The proportion of damaged acorns was about 70% both in 2020 and 2021. The largest number of acorns was concentrated under healthy trees (without signs of decline) that had a well-developed crown and, therefore, received more sunlight and heat. The identified quantitative and qualitative estimates and acorn spreading pattern need to be considered when selecting sites for further natural seed regeneration in old-aged oak stands.
摘要在乌克兰东北部不同组成、不同树龄、不同密度的天然栎树林冠下，分析了产量极低的年份栎树橡子的数量和质量。我们测定了当年1000颗健康和受损橡子的质量。估算了研究林分冠层下橡子数量和质量的变异水平。研究了橡子数与栎树林龄和栎树密度的关系。2020年天然栎树林冠下橡子总数为9900 ~ 19000粒/公顷，总质量为26.8 ~ 54.1 kg /公顷;2021年为8600 ~ 17200粒/公顷，总质量为22.7 ~ 48.4 kg /公顷。2020年和2021年，橡果受损的比例都在70%左右。橡子数量最多的树集中在健康的树下(没有衰退的迹象)，这些树的树冠发育良好，因此接受了更多的阳光和热量。在选择高龄栎林种子自然更新的场地时，需要综合考虑已确定的定量和定性估计值以及橡子的扩散模式。
{"title":"Acorn production of pedunculate oak in northeast of Ukraine","authors":"Maksym Rumiantsev, Oleksii Kobets, Natalia Vysotska, Volodymyr Luk’yanets, Iryna Obolonyk, Olha Tupchii, Oleksandr Bondar, Vitalii Nazarenko","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analysed the quantity and quality of Quercus robur L. acorns after years with a very poor yield under the canopy of natural oak stands of various compositions, ages and stock densities in the northeastern part of Ukraine. We determined the mass of 1,000 healthy and damaged acorns of the current year. The levels of variability were estimated for the number and mass of acorns under the canopy of the studied stands. The dependences of the number of acorns on the age of oak stands and their stock density were studied. The total number of acorns under the canopy of natural oak stands was 9,900–19,000 seeds per hectare with a total mass of 26.8–54.1 kg per hectare in 2020 and 8,600–17,200 seeds per hectare with a total mass of 22.7–48.4 kg per hectare in 2021. The proportion of damaged acorns was about 70% both in 2020 and 2021. The largest number of acorns was concentrated under healthy trees (without signs of decline) that had a well-developed crown and, therefore, received more sunlight and heat. The identified quantitative and qualitative estimates and acorn spreading pattern need to be considered when selecting sites for further natural seed regeneration in old-aged oak stands.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leatrice Talita Rodrigues, Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, Steffen Manfred Noe
Abstract Complex mixtures of substances are in the atmosphere and they can cause diseases in humans and biological communities after acute or chronic exposition. This paper focuses on the physical measurement of particulate matter, a proxy for air pollution, and a biological method for mutation assessment due to plants’ exposure to air pollution. The objective of this research was to characterize the air pollution seasonality in municipalities in southern Brazil, and also to understand the relation between air pollution and the biological response of the Tradescantia sp. clone 4430. The optical sensor SDS011 was used for measurements of particulate matter (PM) and the Trad-SHM bioassay was chosen to quantify the mutagenic alterations that occurred in stamen hairs during the study period, with PM data being measured every 5 seconds and the flowers being harvested approximately every two weeks for laboratory analysis. The Pearson test was applied to verify the correlation between PM and mutations in stamen hair as a result of which it was observed that there is a positive correlation between these data, with the highest value found being r = 0.61. Also, the period with the highest occurrence of pink cells was between autumn and spring, the same period in which an unusual increase in PM concentrations was also observed, a period that corresponds to a less favorable dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The use of Tradescantia sp. clone 4430 showed sensitivity to the environments in which it was exposed. Biomonitoring is an important tool for understanding the effects of pollutants on the ecosystem.
{"title":"Air pollution monitoring with <i>Tradescantia</i> hybrid and optical sensors in Curitiba and Araucária, Brazil","authors":"Leatrice Talita Rodrigues, Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, Steffen Manfred Noe","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Complex mixtures of substances are in the atmosphere and they can cause diseases in humans and biological communities after acute or chronic exposition. This paper focuses on the physical measurement of particulate matter, a proxy for air pollution, and a biological method for mutation assessment due to plants’ exposure to air pollution. The objective of this research was to characterize the air pollution seasonality in municipalities in southern Brazil, and also to understand the relation between air pollution and the biological response of the Tradescantia sp. clone 4430. The optical sensor SDS011 was used for measurements of particulate matter (PM) and the Trad-SHM bioassay was chosen to quantify the mutagenic alterations that occurred in stamen hairs during the study period, with PM data being measured every 5 seconds and the flowers being harvested approximately every two weeks for laboratory analysis. The Pearson test was applied to verify the correlation between PM and mutations in stamen hair as a result of which it was observed that there is a positive correlation between these data, with the highest value found being r = 0.61. Also, the period with the highest occurrence of pink cells was between autumn and spring, the same period in which an unusual increase in PM concentrations was also observed, a period that corresponds to a less favorable dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The use of Tradescantia sp. clone 4430 showed sensitivity to the environments in which it was exposed. Biomonitoring is an important tool for understanding the effects of pollutants on the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michaela Staňková, Pavlína Popelová, Tomáš Pipíška
Abstract This paper deals with a quantitative assessment of the production efficiency of the forestry sector in EU countries, which is largely neglected in the literature. Only a few studies have been conducted so far, processing data mainly in the first half of the last decade. In contrast to these studies, in this article we focus on the period between 2016 and 2020. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the forest sector to fill the gap. The empirical results of this study show that the leaders in this sector are Germany, Finland, and the Czech Republic. These countries are fully efficient throughout the period under review. In contrast, Bulgaria lags far behind, with an efficiency score typically around 35%. The results of the cluster analysis show that although countries have similar characteristics, their efficiency scores are not necessarily at the same level.
{"title":"Assessing the efficiency of the forestry sector in EU countries","authors":"Michaela Staňková, Pavlína Popelová, Tomáš Pipíška","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with a quantitative assessment of the production efficiency of the forestry sector in EU countries, which is largely neglected in the literature. Only a few studies have been conducted so far, processing data mainly in the first half of the last decade. In contrast to these studies, in this article we focus on the period between 2016 and 2020. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the forest sector to fill the gap. The empirical results of this study show that the leaders in this sector are Germany, Finland, and the Czech Republic. These countries are fully efficient throughout the period under review. In contrast, Bulgaria lags far behind, with an efficiency score typically around 35%. The results of the cluster analysis show that although countries have similar characteristics, their efficiency scores are not necessarily at the same level.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The natural forests of western Iran play a key role in delivering services and goods to local society. Nonetheless, this forest ecosystem, despite its importance, is threatened by natural factors and anthropogenic activities, resulting in decreasing soil quality and soil erosion. The present research aimed to assess the effects of the forest ecosystems on soil erosion control in Ilam catchment in southwest Iran. For this purpose, after estimating the soil loss in natural conditions (NC), we predicted the amount of soil erosion under two scenarios: (i) convert natural forest with 20% canopy cover to destructed forest with 0% canopy cover (SC.1), (ii) increase forest cover by 40% (SC.2). Our results indicate that the estimated mean soil erosion was within the range of 9.36 t ha -1 yr -1 in irrigated and garden use to about 256 t ha -1 yr -1 in bare soils under NC. We found that when converting natural forest to destructed forest, the mean annual soil erosion rate increased 105.75 t ha -1 yr -1 , 118.1 t ha -1 yr -1 , and 19.57 t ha -1 yr -1 in the dense forest, sparse forest, and Agri-Forest use, respectively. These results show the protective effect of the forest against soil erosion.
伊朗西部的天然森林在为当地社会提供服务和商品方面发挥着关键作用。然而，尽管这一森林生态系统具有重要意义，但受到自然因素和人为活动的威胁，导致土壤质量下降和土壤侵蚀。本研究旨在评估伊朗西南部Ilam流域森林生态系统对土壤侵蚀控制的影响。为此，在估算自然条件下的土壤流失量(NC)后，我们预测了两种情景下的土壤流失量:(i)将覆盖度为20%的天然林转化为覆盖度为0%的破坏林(SC.1)， (ii)将覆盖度增加40% (SC.2)。结果表明，在灌溉和园地利用条件下，估算的平均土壤侵蚀量在9.36 tha -1 yr -1至256 tha -1 yr -1之间。研究发现，天然林向毁林转化后，密林、疏林和农林复合利用的年均土壤侵蚀速率分别增加105.75、118.1和19.57 tha -1 yr。这些结果显示了森林对土壤侵蚀的保护作用。
{"title":"Assessment of the soil-protecting services of the forest ecosystem: a case study in Ilam catchment, Iran","authors":"Ali Mahdavi, Elham Motaharfard","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The natural forests of western Iran play a key role in delivering services and goods to local society. Nonetheless, this forest ecosystem, despite its importance, is threatened by natural factors and anthropogenic activities, resulting in decreasing soil quality and soil erosion. The present research aimed to assess the effects of the forest ecosystems on soil erosion control in Ilam catchment in southwest Iran. For this purpose, after estimating the soil loss in natural conditions (NC), we predicted the amount of soil erosion under two scenarios: (i) convert natural forest with 20% canopy cover to destructed forest with 0% canopy cover (SC.1), (ii) increase forest cover by 40% (SC.2). Our results indicate that the estimated mean soil erosion was within the range of 9.36 t ha -1 yr -1 in irrigated and garden use to about 256 t ha -1 yr -1 in bare soils under NC. We found that when converting natural forest to destructed forest, the mean annual soil erosion rate increased 105.75 t ha -1 yr -1 , 118.1 t ha -1 yr -1 , and 19.57 t ha -1 yr -1 in the dense forest, sparse forest, and Agri-Forest use, respectively. These results show the protective effect of the forest against soil erosion.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Djebel Fellaoucene, mattorals and their regressive and progressive dynamics are affected by several factors, namely climate, geography, human activities, overgrazing and fires. This research aims to investigate whether these factors have an impact on the structural dynamics of the area’s forest soils and show a correlation between the soils’ chemical and microbial properties and these factors. In this regard, we have analysed chemical properties: organic matter, pH, conductivity, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), moisture and carbon as well as microbial properties: basal respiration, microbial biomass and metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), all from 80 soil samples collected from degraded mattorals on different altitudes and exposures. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which has been made revealed that soil dynamics and correlations between chemical and microbial properties depend on the aforementioned factors; an increase in moisture, organic matter, carbon and conductivity as well as a decrease in the mass and bacterial respiration in the North-exposed sites under anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing by sheep and goats. Whereas opposite results were found in the South-exposed sites degraded by fires and undergrazing by cattle. Anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing in sites which have recently been burned lead to a decrease in microbial properties despite an increase in organic matter and moisture content. Qualifying and quantifying the impact of these degradation factors on forest soils allows us to establish effective restoration, conservation strategies and defend rangelands in arid areas.
{"title":"Dynamics of chemical and microbial properties of Algerian forest soils: Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (Northwest of Tlemcen)","authors":"Rachid Dahmani, Amine Habib Borsali, Abdessamad Merzouk, Mohamed Zouidi, Anne-Marie Farnet Da Silva","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Djebel Fellaoucene, mattorals and their regressive and progressive dynamics are affected by several factors, namely climate, geography, human activities, overgrazing and fires. This research aims to investigate whether these factors have an impact on the structural dynamics of the area’s forest soils and show a correlation between the soils’ chemical and microbial properties and these factors. In this regard, we have analysed chemical properties: organic matter, pH, conductivity, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), moisture and carbon as well as microbial properties: basal respiration, microbial biomass and metabolic quotient (qCO 2 ), all from 80 soil samples collected from degraded mattorals on different altitudes and exposures. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which has been made revealed that soil dynamics and correlations between chemical and microbial properties depend on the aforementioned factors; an increase in moisture, organic matter, carbon and conductivity as well as a decrease in the mass and bacterial respiration in the North-exposed sites under anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing by sheep and goats. Whereas opposite results were found in the South-exposed sites degraded by fires and undergrazing by cattle. Anthropogenic pressure and overgrazing in sites which have recently been burned lead to a decrease in microbial properties despite an increase in organic matter and moisture content. Qualifying and quantifying the impact of these degradation factors on forest soils allows us to establish effective restoration, conservation strategies and defend rangelands in arid areas.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, Toomas Tamm, Steffen Manfred Noe
Abstract The carbon and water fluxes and their inter-relations are key aspects of ecosystem dynamics. In this study, regionalization was used in transferring parameters from the GR4J-Cemaneige model calibrated in Reola hydrographic basin to predict daily flows in Kalli basin; both watersheds are located in the southeast of Estonia. Evapotranspiration data was collected from the MODIS sensor of the Terra satellite and from the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR Estonia). Precipitation data was collected from Tartu–Tõravere and SMEAR Estonia stations and river flow from Reola hydrometric station. The year 2011 was used for model warm-up, model calibration was done in 2012–2017 and the 2018–2020 period was used for validation. The GR4J-Cemaneige model was calibrated at Reola Basin, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency index of 0.73. The 6 constants of Reola subbasin were transferred to Kalli subbasin for river flow simulation. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was measured at the 70 m SMEAR tower with the eddy covariance technique. The balances indicate that the ecosystem at Kalli watershed is slowly becoming a source of carbon and less water is available at the catchment reservoir. NEE has increased from -1.23 μmol m -2 s -1 in 2015 to -0.62 μmol m -2 s -1 in 2020, while the delta water storage decreased from 0.24 mm in 2015 to -0.05 mm in 2020. This behavior may increase soil drying and oxidation, and it will probably release more carbon in the future. This research allows a better understanding of the Järvselja hemi-boreal forest water-carbon dynamics.
碳通量和水通量及其相互关系是生态系统动力学的重要方面。本文采用区域化方法，将Reola流域标定的GR4J-Cemaneige模型参数用于Kalli流域日流量预测;这两个流域都位于爱沙尼亚的东南部。蒸散发数据是从Terra卫星的MODIS传感器和生态系统-大气关系测量站(爱沙尼亚)收集的。降水数据来自Tartu-Tõravere和SMEAR爱沙尼亚站，河流流量数据来自Reola水文站。模型预热年份为2011年，模型校正年份为2012-2017年，验证年份为2018-2020年。gr4j - cememaneige模型在Reola盆地进行了标定，Nash-Sutcliffe效率指数为0.73。将Reola子流域的6个常数转移到Kalli子流域进行河流流量模拟。利用涡旋相关方差技术在70 m的SMEAR塔上测量了净生态系统交换(NEE)。这些平衡表明，Kalli流域的生态系统正在慢慢成为碳的来源，集水区水库的可用水量减少。NEE从2015年的-1.23 μmol m -2 s -1增加到2020年的-0.62 μmol m -2 s -1，三角洲蓄水量从2015年的0.24 mm减少到2020年的-0.05 mm。这种行为可能会增加土壤干燥和氧化，并可能在未来释放更多的碳。这项研究可以更好地了解Järvselja半北方森林水碳动态。
{"title":"Water and carbon balances in a hemi-boreal forest","authors":"Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, Toomas Tamm, Steffen Manfred Noe","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The carbon and water fluxes and their inter-relations are key aspects of ecosystem dynamics. In this study, regionalization was used in transferring parameters from the GR4J-Cemaneige model calibrated in Reola hydrographic basin to predict daily flows in Kalli basin; both watersheds are located in the southeast of Estonia. Evapotranspiration data was collected from the MODIS sensor of the Terra satellite and from the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR Estonia). Precipitation data was collected from Tartu–Tõravere and SMEAR Estonia stations and river flow from Reola hydrometric station. The year 2011 was used for model warm-up, model calibration was done in 2012–2017 and the 2018–2020 period was used for validation. The GR4J-Cemaneige model was calibrated at Reola Basin, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency index of 0.73. The 6 constants of Reola subbasin were transferred to Kalli subbasin for river flow simulation. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was measured at the 70 m SMEAR tower with the eddy covariance technique. The balances indicate that the ecosystem at Kalli watershed is slowly becoming a source of carbon and less water is available at the catchment reservoir. NEE has increased from -1.23 μmol m -2 s -1 in 2015 to -0.62 μmol m -2 s -1 in 2020, while the delta water storage decreased from 0.24 mm in 2015 to -0.05 mm in 2020. This behavior may increase soil drying and oxidation, and it will probably release more carbon in the future. This research allows a better understanding of the Järvselja hemi-boreal forest water-carbon dynamics.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We compiled data from 149 paired observations from 43 publications and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the variability of trees’ fine root trait responses under various global soil warming experiments. The impacts of warming magnitude, soil depth, and different tree species (deciduous vs. coniferous), on the responses of fine root biomass (FRB), and fine root morphology were assessed in this study. Our results confirmed that soil warming increased FRB while having no significant effect on fine root morphological traits, such as specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), and diameter (D). The effect of warming on FRB decreased significantly at higher warming magnitude. The effect of tree species was also evident in the response of FRB to soil warming magnitude. Furthermore, warming effects on SRA and D increased in deeper soil horizons. The present meta-analysis provides an improved understanding of trees’ fine roots and the tree species-specific adaptive strategy under future soil warming episodes. Our results suggest that trees will resist the altering soil warming conditions by modifications more in fine root biomass allocation rather than morphological adjustments.
{"title":"The impact of soil warming on fine root trait responses of trees, deciduous vs. coniferous: a meta-analysis","authors":"Azadeh Rezapour, M. Labbafi, T. Oja","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We compiled data from 149 paired observations from 43 publications and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the variability of trees’ fine root trait responses under various global soil warming experiments. The impacts of warming magnitude, soil depth, and different tree species (deciduous vs. coniferous), on the responses of fine root biomass (FRB), and fine root morphology were assessed in this study. Our results confirmed that soil warming increased FRB while having no significant effect on fine root morphological traits, such as specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), and diameter (D). The effect of warming on FRB decreased significantly at higher warming magnitude. The effect of tree species was also evident in the response of FRB to soil warming magnitude. Furthermore, warming effects on SRA and D increased in deeper soil horizons. The present meta-analysis provides an improved understanding of trees’ fine roots and the tree species-specific adaptive strategy under future soil warming episodes. Our results suggest that trees will resist the altering soil warming conditions by modifications more in fine root biomass allocation rather than morphological adjustments.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90980362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luz Amalia Forero-Peña, Edna Ivonne Leiva-Rojas, R. Ramírez-Pisco
Abstract The tropical rainforest of Bajo Calima, Buenaventura, Colombia, was known for its large biodiversity and enormous regeneration potential. During the 1970–90s, industrial use through clear-cutting gave rise to secondary forest (SF), which is now a collective property of the communities that inhabit it. The productivity of secondary forest would recover after 30 years according to the linear recovery trend, as predicted by Mazuera (1985). The purpose of conducting this research in Bajo Calima, Colombia was to quantify the productivity of SF at different ages after clear-cutting. Plots of 0.1 ha were selected after 23, 27, 31 and 35 years of SF following clear-cutting of the initial primary forest (PF). It is now managed through selective logging. Samples of equal size of PF and SF without selective logging, called mature secondary forest MSF (> 40 years), were used as controls. The productivity variables of the SF expressed as basal area, volume (Vol) and aerial biomass (AB), on average for the four ages studied was 45%, 29% and 22% compared to the productivity of the PF, and 94%, 50% and 49% with respect to the productivity of the MSF. Without the opportunity to reach maturity the trend predicted by the recovery model was not achieved and the SF showed productive characteristics far below those of the initial primary forest.
{"title":"Is it possible that the structure of tropical rainforests has recovered 40 years after clear-cutting?","authors":"Luz Amalia Forero-Peña, Edna Ivonne Leiva-Rojas, R. Ramírez-Pisco","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The tropical rainforest of Bajo Calima, Buenaventura, Colombia, was known for its large biodiversity and enormous regeneration potential. During the 1970–90s, industrial use through clear-cutting gave rise to secondary forest (SF), which is now a collective property of the communities that inhabit it. The productivity of secondary forest would recover after 30 years according to the linear recovery trend, as predicted by Mazuera (1985). The purpose of conducting this research in Bajo Calima, Colombia was to quantify the productivity of SF at different ages after clear-cutting. Plots of 0.1 ha were selected after 23, 27, 31 and 35 years of SF following clear-cutting of the initial primary forest (PF). It is now managed through selective logging. Samples of equal size of PF and SF without selective logging, called mature secondary forest MSF (> 40 years), were used as controls. The productivity variables of the SF expressed as basal area, volume (Vol) and aerial biomass (AB), on average for the four ages studied was 45%, 29% and 22% compared to the productivity of the PF, and 94%, 50% and 49% with respect to the productivity of the MSF. Without the opportunity to reach maturity the trend predicted by the recovery model was not achieved and the SF showed productive characteristics far below those of the initial primary forest.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83311399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaanus Paal, Margit Turb, Tiina Köster, Igna Rooma
Abstract The aims of the study were: (i) to examine how well the hillock forests are distinguishable from the forests of comparable site types, (ii) to ascertain the hillock forest indicator species, (iii) to elucidate the hillock forests’ community types, (iv) to assess the practical requirement for differentiation of hillock forests as a self-sufficient typological unit for forestry. The data included altogether 160 descriptions of hillock forest communities and 42 relevés of other site type stands for comparison. The historical continuity of hillock forests was estimated from old topographic maps. We established that the hillock forests constitute statistically a reliable distinct group of forests. Among the characteristic species having an indicator value significance level of up to 0.50, by the ecological strategy 43.2% belong to competitors, 37.8% are competitors and stress-tolerant ruderals, and 10.8% competitors and stress tolerators; according to the hemeroby, 62.5% of these species are apophyts and 30.0% hemeradiaphors. Most hillock forests (55.6%) are located on former slash-and-burn areas (bushlands) or reforested agricultural land (36.1%). The hillock forests can be classified into four forest types: 1) Fragaria vesca–Festuca ovina–Pinus sylvestris type, 2) Fragaria vesca–Oxalis acetosella–Pinus sylvestris type, 3) Fragaria vesca–Viola mirabilis–Picea abies–Populus tremula type and, 4) Fragaria vesca–Equisetum pratense–Betula pendula type. There is no need to define the hillock forests as a separate forest site type in practical forest typology, nevertheless recognition of these forests as representing the habitat directive type 9060 is important from the viewpoint of biodiversity maintenance.
{"title":"Eesti sürjametsad; nende tüübid ja indikaatorliigid","authors":"Jaanus Paal, Margit Turb, Tiina Köster, Igna Rooma","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aims of the study were: (i) to examine how well the hillock forests are distinguishable from the forests of comparable site types, (ii) to ascertain the hillock forest indicator species, (iii) to elucidate the hillock forests’ community types, (iv) to assess the practical requirement for differentiation of hillock forests as a self-sufficient typological unit for forestry. The data included altogether 160 descriptions of hillock forest communities and 42 relevés of other site type stands for comparison. The historical continuity of hillock forests was estimated from old topographic maps. We established that the hillock forests constitute statistically a reliable distinct group of forests. Among the characteristic species having an indicator value significance level of up to 0.50, by the ecological strategy 43.2% belong to competitors, 37.8% are competitors and stress-tolerant ruderals, and 10.8% competitors and stress tolerators; according to the hemeroby, 62.5% of these species are apophyts and 30.0% hemeradiaphors. Most hillock forests (55.6%) are located on former slash-and-burn areas (bushlands) or reforested agricultural land (36.1%). The hillock forests can be classified into four forest types: 1) Fragaria vesca–Festuca ovina–Pinus sylvestris type, 2) Fragaria vesca–Oxalis acetosella–Pinus sylvestris type, 3) Fragaria vesca–Viola mirabilis–Picea abies–Populus tremula type and, 4) Fragaria vesca–Equisetum pratense–Betula pendula type. There is no need to define the hillock forests as a separate forest site type in practical forest typology, nevertheless recognition of these forests as representing the habitat directive type 9060 is important from the viewpoint of biodiversity maintenance.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88035010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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