Abstract Homestead resource utilization is widespread in Asia, while centuries of traditional approaches have been increasing throughout South Asia. Homestead resources are vital to maintaining sustainable life and livelihood of local people in Bangladesh and people in remote areas as coastal zones are mostly engaged with their homestead resources. The study was conducted in Sandwip Upazila (sub-district) of Chittagong district to assess the diversity of plant species, species richness, homestead management practices, and their contribution to the socio-economic condition of the rural households. Ninety household interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire following stratified sampling to fulfill objectives. A total of 57 tree species under 28 families, including timber, fruits, fuel wood, and multi-purpose tree species were found in the study area. Among the identified 57 tree species under 28 families, 49% are fruit species, while the mean value of Shannon-Wiener Index and evenness of species were 3.32 and 1.89, respectively. Also, the Species Richness Index for Maitbhanga and Sarikait unions was 15.20 and 15.36, respectively, while 52% of the respondents identified market or private nurseries as their source of planting materials. Besides, 71.11% of the respondents replied that protection measures are taken for protecting planting seedlings, while seedlings were used mostly for a better survival rate. Damaged by animals, storms, and pests were identified as most problems faced by households in homestead resource management. This study may help policymakers, including local communities to take proper necessary actions to ensure sustainable management of diversity of homestead resources in local areas of Bangladesh.
{"title":"Diversity and management of homestead resources: The case of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Jahan, Md. Arif Chowdhury, Shahpara Nawaz","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Homestead resource utilization is widespread in Asia, while centuries of traditional approaches have been increasing throughout South Asia. Homestead resources are vital to maintaining sustainable life and livelihood of local people in Bangladesh and people in remote areas as coastal zones are mostly engaged with their homestead resources. The study was conducted in Sandwip Upazila (sub-district) of Chittagong district to assess the diversity of plant species, species richness, homestead management practices, and their contribution to the socio-economic condition of the rural households. Ninety household interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire following stratified sampling to fulfill objectives. A total of 57 tree species under 28 families, including timber, fruits, fuel wood, and multi-purpose tree species were found in the study area. Among the identified 57 tree species under 28 families, 49% are fruit species, while the mean value of Shannon-Wiener Index and evenness of species were 3.32 and 1.89, respectively. Also, the Species Richness Index for Maitbhanga and Sarikait unions was 15.20 and 15.36, respectively, while 52% of the respondents identified market or private nurseries as their source of planting materials. Besides, 71.11% of the respondents replied that protection measures are taken for protecting planting seedlings, while seedlings were used mostly for a better survival rate. Damaged by animals, storms, and pests were identified as most problems faced by households in homestead resource management. This study may help policymakers, including local communities to take proper necessary actions to ensure sustainable management of diversity of homestead resources in local areas of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86867817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The view angle range of Sentinel-1 SAR in the Interferometric Wide swath (IW) measurement mode is 29.1° – 46.0°. The dependence of backscatter on the arbitrary local incidence angle is usually corrected using a linear regression model where the incidence angle is a predictor variable. We analysed the whole time series of Sentinel-1 SAR VV-polarised backscatter over the flat 15×15 km test site in Laeva, Estonia (26° 26′ 43″ E; 58° 31′ 56″ N). Time series containing measurements from three different orbits were constructed for 3,159 stands from nighttime data and for 1,105 stands from daytime data. We can confirm that daytime backscatter is systematically greater than nighttime backscatter. We found a significant deviation from linearity in the backscatter dependence on local incidence angle. The empirical finding may be caused by the microwave scattering dependence on local incidence angle or by the influence of Sentinel-1 SAR sub-swath configuration in the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR (TOPSAR) method that is used for the measurements.
摘要Sentinel-1 SAR在干涉宽幅测量模式下的视角范围为29.1°~ 46.0°。后向散射对任意局部入射角的依赖通常使用线性回归模型进行校正，其中入射角是一个预测变量。我们分析了Sentinel-1 SAR vv偏振后向散射在爱沙尼亚Laeva平坦15×15 km试验场(26°26′43″E;58°31 ' 56″N)。时间序列包含三个不同轨道的测量数据，其中3159个观测点的夜间数据和1105个观测点的日间数据。我们可以确认，白天的反向散射在系统上大于夜间的反向散射。我们发现后向散射对局部入射角的依赖与线性有很大的偏差。这一经验发现可能是由于微波散射对局部入射角的依赖，也可能是由于用于测量的地形观测逐级扫描SAR (TOPSAR)方法中Sentinel-1 SAR子条配置的影响。
{"title":"The influence of Sentinel-1 SAR sub-swath on the recorded backscatter time-series over managed hemiboreal forests","authors":"Mait Lang, J. Praks","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The view angle range of Sentinel-1 SAR in the Interferometric Wide swath (IW) measurement mode is 29.1° – 46.0°. The dependence of backscatter on the arbitrary local incidence angle is usually corrected using a linear regression model where the incidence angle is a predictor variable. We analysed the whole time series of Sentinel-1 SAR VV-polarised backscatter over the flat 15×15 km test site in Laeva, Estonia (26° 26′ 43″ E; 58° 31′ 56″ N). Time series containing measurements from three different orbits were constructed for 3,159 stands from nighttime data and for 1,105 stands from daytime data. We can confirm that daytime backscatter is systematically greater than nighttime backscatter. We found a significant deviation from linearity in the backscatter dependence on local incidence angle. The empirical finding may be caused by the microwave scattering dependence on local incidence angle or by the influence of Sentinel-1 SAR sub-swath configuration in the Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR (TOPSAR) method that is used for the measurements.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90736866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article provides an overview of the experience of using shelterwood systems in Estonia and the methodological aspects of their economic assessment. The methodology is tested with calculations made on the management alternatives of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in Rhodococcum site type. Based on the Estonian forest management rules and the results of previous silvicultural studies, the management models were elaborated for different types of shelterwood harvesting. The difference model was used when predicting stand development, the actual prices of different wood assortments and the actual cost of management activities were used in calculations. The net present value of cash flows is used as a criterion, which allows comparing management periods of different lengths. Calculations were performed for three different periods: one regeneration felling cycle, two regeneration felling cycles and perpetual management cycles. The results of different types of shelterwood systems are compared with the results of clear-cutting scenarios. The calculations indicate that in the short term, the net present value of the different types of shelterwood harvesting and clear-cutting are quite similar. The results of the first cycle of regeneration felling are most affected by the costs of cultivation and tending of a plantation and young forest. In the long run, clear-cutting will have an advantage over shelterwood harvesting, as the stand regeneration period is shorter.
{"title":"Turberaied ja nende ökonoomiline hindamine pohla kasvukohatüübi männiku näitel","authors":"Paavo Kaimre, Vivika Kängsepp","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article provides an overview of the experience of using shelterwood systems in Estonia and the methodological aspects of their economic assessment. The methodology is tested with calculations made on the management alternatives of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in Rhodococcum site type. Based on the Estonian forest management rules and the results of previous silvicultural studies, the management models were elaborated for different types of shelterwood harvesting. The difference model was used when predicting stand development, the actual prices of different wood assortments and the actual cost of management activities were used in calculations. The net present value of cash flows is used as a criterion, which allows comparing management periods of different lengths. Calculations were performed for three different periods: one regeneration felling cycle, two regeneration felling cycles and perpetual management cycles. The results of different types of shelterwood systems are compared with the results of clear-cutting scenarios. The calculations indicate that in the short term, the net present value of the different types of shelterwood harvesting and clear-cutting are quite similar. The results of the first cycle of regeneration felling are most affected by the costs of cultivation and tending of a plantation and young forest. In the long run, clear-cutting will have an advantage over shelterwood harvesting, as the stand regeneration period is shorter.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88072433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Poratelli, Simone Blanc, L. Pippinato, Raffaele Zanchini, S. Bruzzese, Filippo Brun
Abstract Forest certifications aim to promote sustainable forest management through the certification of forest products derived from forests managed according to a set of guidelines. However, managing a forest following the sustainability benchmarks indicated by the different certification systems has a higher cost than non-certified forests. This cost difference is therefore reflected in products made from these certified forests. An Environmentally Certified Timber Product (ECTP), in fact, should be more expensive than its identical competitor made from non-certified wood because of its higher management and chain of custody costs. The purpose of this review is to highlight how, over the past decade (2010–2020), customer willingness to pay (WTP) for ECTPs has been estimated and what parameters lead consumers to choose ECTPs. Results revealed several methodologies for estimating WTP, the main one being Contingent Valuation, although Discrete Choice Experiments would seem to be more effective. In monetary terms, the average WTP obtained ranges from 17% for products with a higher base price, such as furniture, up to 68% for those with a lower price, such as paper. Finally, several parameters drive consumers to choose ECTPs, such as socio-demographic factors, prior knowledge of brands and labels, and choice of product attributes.
{"title":"Willingness to pay for certified wooden products: a critical literature review","authors":"Francesca Poratelli, Simone Blanc, L. Pippinato, Raffaele Zanchini, S. Bruzzese, Filippo Brun","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest certifications aim to promote sustainable forest management through the certification of forest products derived from forests managed according to a set of guidelines. However, managing a forest following the sustainability benchmarks indicated by the different certification systems has a higher cost than non-certified forests. This cost difference is therefore reflected in products made from these certified forests. An Environmentally Certified Timber Product (ECTP), in fact, should be more expensive than its identical competitor made from non-certified wood because of its higher management and chain of custody costs. The purpose of this review is to highlight how, over the past decade (2010–2020), customer willingness to pay (WTP) for ECTPs has been estimated and what parameters lead consumers to choose ECTPs. Results revealed several methodologies for estimating WTP, the main one being Contingent Valuation, although Discrete Choice Experiments would seem to be more effective. In monetary terms, the average WTP obtained ranges from 17% for products with a higher base price, such as furniture, up to 68% for those with a lower price, such as paper. Finally, several parameters drive consumers to choose ECTPs, such as socio-demographic factors, prior knowledge of brands and labels, and choice of product attributes.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86668830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Evarte-Bundere, P. Evarts-Bunders, A. Mežaka, Aiva Bojāre
Abstract This article presents an updated list of annotated invasive trees and shrubs in Latvia. This list includes 178 taxa about which extensive information has been collected and analysed: family, first records in the area, native range, invasiveness status, vector of introduction, and species distribution in Latvia. In this article, the authors, for the first time in Latvia, provided an invasiveness risk assessment and distinguished risk classes for trees and shrubs. The methodology previously developed by E. Weber and D. Gut was used to assess the risk of invasiveness. The most widely represented families in the list of invasive trees and shrubs are Rosaceae (51 taxa or 28.65%) and Salicaceae (20 taxa or 11.24%). Having assessed the invasiveness status, two species (Acer negundo L. and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun) were identified as transformers, and 42 tree and shrub taxa were identified as invasive. After the assessment of the invasiveness risk, the species were divided into three risk classes. The highest risk class includes 32 taxa that are threatening or are likely to threaten natural habitats in Latvia in the future. The results of this study can be used for further dendrological studies in relation to global change and for practical nature conservation and landscape gardening.
{"title":"Alien trees and shrubs of Latvia – evaluation of current status and invasiveness","authors":"G. Evarte-Bundere, P. Evarts-Bunders, A. Mežaka, Aiva Bojāre","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents an updated list of annotated invasive trees and shrubs in Latvia. This list includes 178 taxa about which extensive information has been collected and analysed: family, first records in the area, native range, invasiveness status, vector of introduction, and species distribution in Latvia. In this article, the authors, for the first time in Latvia, provided an invasiveness risk assessment and distinguished risk classes for trees and shrubs. The methodology previously developed by E. Weber and D. Gut was used to assess the risk of invasiveness. The most widely represented families in the list of invasive trees and shrubs are Rosaceae (51 taxa or 28.65%) and Salicaceae (20 taxa or 11.24%). Having assessed the invasiveness status, two species (Acer negundo L. and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun) were identified as transformers, and 42 tree and shrub taxa were identified as invasive. After the assessment of the invasiveness risk, the species were divided into three risk classes. The highest risk class includes 32 taxa that are threatening or are likely to threaten natural habitats in Latvia in the future. The results of this study can be used for further dendrological studies in relation to global change and for practical nature conservation and landscape gardening.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new international study programme “Planning and analysis in multifunctional forestry” started at the Estonian University of Life Sciences with five foreign students in autumn 2022. The aim of the study programme is to prepare specialists with deep knowledge in the management of forest and nature resources which enable them to work in international organisations, forest enterprises, and government agencies. The graduates will have skills and knowledge on decision-making in forestry using different methods, models and tools to analyse possible scenarios and make scenarios at strategic, tactical and operational levels. Forest management is constantly under the impact of changing conditions in the environment, society demands and markets. The need for new tools to predict forest dynamics and to simulate possible management activities is supported by many new technologies, e.g. automatic data collection, remote sensing, modern analysis methods, etc. Artificial intelligence combined with virtual reality seems a very promising decision support for complex questions in forest management. These technologies are widely available nowadays, and have been used in different fields since the middle of the 20th century. However, the use of these technologies in forestry is quite new. Artificial intelligence is already applied in forest modelling with 3D point cloud data applications and in statistical forest data analysis, but it is not yet used that often in other fields and issues of forestry. Quantitative methods are dominating in forestry planning and analysis. New trends of applying mathematics and computing arrived in Estonian forestry with Artur Nilson (1931–2022) when he was employed as Professor of forest management planning in 1969. Artur Nilson was promoting the use of mathematical methods in forestry and computer-aided approaches for many decades. His ideas about decision support, modern and virtual forestry are innovative and novel, many of which will still be applied in the future. We, his students and colleagues, miss his enthusiastic and rational view to forest research questions and try to implement his ideas and approaches in research and education. Evidence-based forest management is also looking deeper into the details of preparing for the approach of precision forestry. Scaling up and down is a challenging task in many applications and leads to a more profound understanding of ecosystem processes at different levels. New advances in dendrochronology and in understanding tree growth physiology are constantly improving our modelling tools, as well as improving knowledge on ecosystem functioning, forest structural traits and management impacts will enable better provision of goods and services from forest ecosystems.
{"title":"Planning and analysis in multifunctional forestry","authors":"H. Korjus, A. Kiviste, M. Hordo","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The new international study programme “Planning and analysis in multifunctional forestry” started at the Estonian University of Life Sciences with five foreign students in autumn 2022. The aim of the study programme is to prepare specialists with deep knowledge in the management of forest and nature resources which enable them to work in international organisations, forest enterprises, and government agencies. The graduates will have skills and knowledge on decision-making in forestry using different methods, models and tools to analyse possible scenarios and make scenarios at strategic, tactical and operational levels. Forest management is constantly under the impact of changing conditions in the environment, society demands and markets. The need for new tools to predict forest dynamics and to simulate possible management activities is supported by many new technologies, e.g. automatic data collection, remote sensing, modern analysis methods, etc. Artificial intelligence combined with virtual reality seems a very promising decision support for complex questions in forest management. These technologies are widely available nowadays, and have been used in different fields since the middle of the 20th century. However, the use of these technologies in forestry is quite new. Artificial intelligence is already applied in forest modelling with 3D point cloud data applications and in statistical forest data analysis, but it is not yet used that often in other fields and issues of forestry. Quantitative methods are dominating in forestry planning and analysis. New trends of applying mathematics and computing arrived in Estonian forestry with Artur Nilson (1931–2022) when he was employed as Professor of forest management planning in 1969. Artur Nilson was promoting the use of mathematical methods in forestry and computer-aided approaches for many decades. His ideas about decision support, modern and virtual forestry are innovative and novel, many of which will still be applied in the future. We, his students and colleagues, miss his enthusiastic and rational view to forest research questions and try to implement his ideas and approaches in research and education. Evidence-based forest management is also looking deeper into the details of preparing for the approach of precision forestry. Scaling up and down is a challenging task in many applications and leads to a more profound understanding of ecosystem processes at different levels. New advances in dendrochronology and in understanding tree growth physiology are constantly improving our modelling tools, as well as improving knowledge on ecosystem functioning, forest structural traits and management impacts will enable better provision of goods and services from forest ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76414712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper provides an overview of a small research project. The object of the research was a 16 km2 forested area located in the territory of Järvselja Study and Experimental Forest, Estonia, which was damaged by storms in June 2021. The aim of the study was to investigate whether it is possible and reasonable to estimate the area of storm damage using orthophotos created from photographs collected from unmanned aircraft. The surveying was carried out on July 13–15, 2021. The data was collected via unmanned aerial vehicles with RGB-cameras on board. A multi-rotor drone DJI Phantom 3 Professional and a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft eBee X were used. In total, the eBee drone was flown 11 times to obtain 11,989 photos and the DJI drone 18 times to obtain 2,471 photos. During the project, it became clear that if there are open fields available, it is more efficient to use a fixed-wing type drone for this kind of research. However, in more difficult conditions where there are no clearances suitable for take-off and landing, a multi-rotor drone, such as the DJI, can be used instead. It can be concluded from the results of the work that although it is possible to use an unmanned aircraft for aerial photography of large forested areas, it takes a considerable amount of time for both photography and post-processing. It took 96 man-hours to collect the data and four working weeks to process the data.
{"title":"Järvselja metsade tormikahjustuste seire mehitamata õhusõidukitega","authors":"Kaupo Kokamägi, Rauno Künnapuu, Natalja Liba","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides an overview of a small research project. The object of the research was a 16 km2 forested area located in the territory of Järvselja Study and Experimental Forest, Estonia, which was damaged by storms in June 2021. The aim of the study was to investigate whether it is possible and reasonable to estimate the area of storm damage using orthophotos created from photographs collected from unmanned aircraft. The surveying was carried out on July 13–15, 2021. The data was collected via unmanned aerial vehicles with RGB-cameras on board. A multi-rotor drone DJI Phantom 3 Professional and a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft eBee X were used. In total, the eBee drone was flown 11 times to obtain 11,989 photos and the DJI drone 18 times to obtain 2,471 photos. During the project, it became clear that if there are open fields available, it is more efficient to use a fixed-wing type drone for this kind of research. However, in more difficult conditions where there are no clearances suitable for take-off and landing, a multi-rotor drone, such as the DJI, can be used instead. It can be concluded from the results of the work that although it is possible to use an unmanned aircraft for aerial photography of large forested areas, it takes a considerable amount of time for both photography and post-processing. It took 96 man-hours to collect the data and four working weeks to process the data.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85540078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Knowledge about the seasonal dynamics of tree growth and its relationship with environmental factors is necessary to eliminate the uncertainty due to ongoing climate change and for more precise growth modelling when re-measurements are done periodically. Despite the increasing number of studies monitoring seasonal wood formation, a considerable part of European forests, including Estonia, lacks such information. In this article, we present a date-dependent model for determining the share of seasonal radial growth for the three most common tree species in the region (Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch) for Estonian conditions. Since seasonal tree growth monitoring data were unavailable for Estonia, we used published seasonal radial growth data from Lithuania by Dr Adomas Vitas (2011). We tested four functions (Kumaraswamy, Weibull, Gompertz and logistic) on obtained data to approximate the seasonal development of radial growth. Kumaraswamy’s function could track the course of seasonal radial growth gains the best; thus, this function was chosen for further use. We obtained data on intra-annual radial growth from published research studies from neighbouring countries and determined the dates of growth initiation and cessation for Estonian conditions. Finally, we combined Kumaraswamy’s function and the predicted radial growth onset and cessation dates into the model that could predict the seasonal growth course and thus were able to estimate the share of newly formed increment from the dates.
{"title":"Puude hooajalise radiaalkasvu mõõtmiskuupäevaks moodustunud osa arvutusmudel Eesti tingimuste jaoks","authors":"Andres Kiviste, Allar Padari, Sandra Metslaid","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge about the seasonal dynamics of tree growth and its relationship with environmental factors is necessary to eliminate the uncertainty due to ongoing climate change and for more precise growth modelling when re-measurements are done periodically. Despite the increasing number of studies monitoring seasonal wood formation, a considerable part of European forests, including Estonia, lacks such information. In this article, we present a date-dependent model for determining the share of seasonal radial growth for the three most common tree species in the region (Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch) for Estonian conditions. Since seasonal tree growth monitoring data were unavailable for Estonia, we used published seasonal radial growth data from Lithuania by Dr Adomas Vitas (2011). We tested four functions (Kumaraswamy, Weibull, Gompertz and logistic) on obtained data to approximate the seasonal development of radial growth. Kumaraswamy’s function could track the course of seasonal radial growth gains the best; thus, this function was chosen for further use. We obtained data on intra-annual radial growth from published research studies from neighbouring countries and determined the dates of growth initiation and cessation for Estonian conditions. Finally, we combined Kumaraswamy’s function and the predicted radial growth onset and cessation dates into the model that could predict the seasonal growth course and thus were able to estimate the share of newly formed increment from the dates.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90982849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Maliuha, V. Khryk, V. Yukhnovskyi, V. Minder, S. Levandovska, I. Kimeichuk, Fedir Brovko, Yu. S. Urliuk
Abstract During land unsoldering in Ukraine, so-called “self-seeded forests” appeared on lands that had not been used for agriculture for a long time. The purpose of the research is to find out the erosion control properties of self-seeded forests. Twelve locations of natural regeneration of various types of woody plants on the ravine-gully system of Cherkasy region were chosen as research sites. Self-seeded woods have a structure of different ages from 8 to 25 years. Most of them are represented by mixed stands, which increase their biological stability. They are better adapted to the current climate change. The formation of uneven-aged stands of natural regeneration with high resistance and erosion control properties was noted. According to the qualitative indicator of productivity, the natural regeneration turned out to be different, which was primarily caused by forest sites conditions, in particular, the steepness, the position on the slope, and the thickness of the humus horizon of the soil. The hardness of the soil was determined in the range from 17.1 to 19.0 kg/cm2, which corresponds to an average loose state. The hardness of the soil in the control was 23.9 kg/cm2, which corresponds to its compacted state. The water permeability of the soil under the studied stands was 11.1–27.3 (control – 8.9) mm/min, which characterizes it from the best to chasm. The obtained soil water permeability data confirm the rapid transfer of surface runoff to subsoil, which prevents the development of erosion processes. Natural regeneration on the slopes of the ravine-gully system is determined to be successful, although it requires considerable time for the formation of full-fledged plantations.
{"title":"Erosion control properties of self-seeded forests that appeared in forestless areas of ravine-gully systems","authors":"V. Maliuha, V. Khryk, V. Yukhnovskyi, V. Minder, S. Levandovska, I. Kimeichuk, Fedir Brovko, Yu. S. Urliuk","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During land unsoldering in Ukraine, so-called “self-seeded forests” appeared on lands that had not been used for agriculture for a long time. The purpose of the research is to find out the erosion control properties of self-seeded forests. Twelve locations of natural regeneration of various types of woody plants on the ravine-gully system of Cherkasy region were chosen as research sites. Self-seeded woods have a structure of different ages from 8 to 25 years. Most of them are represented by mixed stands, which increase their biological stability. They are better adapted to the current climate change. The formation of uneven-aged stands of natural regeneration with high resistance and erosion control properties was noted. According to the qualitative indicator of productivity, the natural regeneration turned out to be different, which was primarily caused by forest sites conditions, in particular, the steepness, the position on the slope, and the thickness of the humus horizon of the soil. The hardness of the soil was determined in the range from 17.1 to 19.0 kg/cm2, which corresponds to an average loose state. The hardness of the soil in the control was 23.9 kg/cm2, which corresponds to its compacted state. The water permeability of the soil under the studied stands was 11.1–27.3 (control – 8.9) mm/min, which characterizes it from the best to chasm. The obtained soil water permeability data confirm the rapid transfer of surface runoff to subsoil, which prevents the development of erosion processes. Natural regeneration on the slopes of the ravine-gully system is determined to be successful, although it requires considerable time for the formation of full-fledged plantations.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83391680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As the focus in forestry is moving from timber production to prioritized economic benefits and better integration of ecological-social functions, practical forest management is shifting towards promoting diverse stand structures. Promoting stand structural heterogeneity requires accurate and profound evaluations of spatial stand structure that are generally not provided during conventional forest inventories. In this paper, different indices describing the heterogeneity of the stand and the spatial arrangement of trees, including their size, condition and species were assessed. Indices were applied to the inventory data collected from the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots. The results show that the studied structural indices are useful in assessment of Estonian forest stands. The practical importance of structural indices will increase in future as there will be a need for methods for characterizing forest stand structural diversity at a large scale, for example, derived from high-resolution remote sensing data.
{"title":"Puistu ruumilise struktuuri arvutuslik kirjeldamine","authors":"Eneli Põldveer, Diana Laarmann, Henn Korjus","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the focus in forestry is moving from timber production to prioritized economic benefits and better integration of ecological-social functions, practical forest management is shifting towards promoting diverse stand structures. Promoting stand structural heterogeneity requires accurate and profound evaluations of spatial stand structure that are generally not provided during conventional forest inventories. In this paper, different indices describing the heterogeneity of the stand and the spatial arrangement of trees, including their size, condition and species were assessed. Indices were applied to the inventory data collected from the Estonian Network of Forest Research Plots. The results show that the studied structural indices are useful in assessment of Estonian forest stands. The practical importance of structural indices will increase in future as there will be a need for methods for characterizing forest stand structural diversity at a large scale, for example, derived from high-resolution remote sensing data.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90924045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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