N. Debkov, V. Sidorenkov, E. Sidorenkova, V. Sedykh
Abstract The article considers the long-term (100 years) dynamics of the forest cover of the southernmost unit of Siberian pine forests on the West Siberian plain. A key feature of forest management is that Siberian pine seeds are a valuable food product and, when cutting forests, this tree species, as a rule, is preserved. The basis of the experimental data was the material of the national forest inventories of 1915, 1974 and 2015 for a total area of 1,420.41 ha. During the period from 1915 to 2015, the forested area changed slightly (96.2 and 94.0%), while the share of Siberian pine stands increased significantly from 48.4 to 58.7%. Grassy Siberian pine forests (32.1%) of optimal age (120–140 years), which are characterised by the best seed productivity and the largest share of Siberian pine in the community (77%), predominate. Basically, human economic activity results in an increase in the area of Siberian pine stands, when deciduous stands with Siberian pine undergrowth are used for fuel and as building material. A decrease in the area of Siberian pine forests occurs mainly under the impact of fires. In the conflagrations of 1915–1920, 7 to 38% of silver birch forests have no Siberian pine undergrowth and are considered long-term secondary communities. In the remaining area, the proportion of Siberian pine undergrowth is 20–30% with a density of 800–1200 seedlings ha−1, which is sufficient for the natural formation of Siberian pine forests.
{"title":"Forest cover dynamics of the Bazoy Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) forest from 1915 to 2015","authors":"N. Debkov, V. Sidorenkov, E. Sidorenkova, V. Sedykh","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article considers the long-term (100 years) dynamics of the forest cover of the southernmost unit of Siberian pine forests on the West Siberian plain. A key feature of forest management is that Siberian pine seeds are a valuable food product and, when cutting forests, this tree species, as a rule, is preserved. The basis of the experimental data was the material of the national forest inventories of 1915, 1974 and 2015 for a total area of 1,420.41 ha. During the period from 1915 to 2015, the forested area changed slightly (96.2 and 94.0%), while the share of Siberian pine stands increased significantly from 48.4 to 58.7%. Grassy Siberian pine forests (32.1%) of optimal age (120–140 years), which are characterised by the best seed productivity and the largest share of Siberian pine in the community (77%), predominate. Basically, human economic activity results in an increase in the area of Siberian pine stands, when deciduous stands with Siberian pine undergrowth are used for fuel and as building material. A decrease in the area of Siberian pine forests occurs mainly under the impact of fires. In the conflagrations of 1915–1920, 7 to 38% of silver birch forests have no Siberian pine undergrowth and are considered long-term secondary communities. In the remaining area, the proportion of Siberian pine undergrowth is 20–30% with a density of 800–1200 seedlings ha−1, which is sufficient for the natural formation of Siberian pine forests.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90630028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Horizontal visibility v in hemiboreal forest transects was measured in the field and then predicted, both from forest inventory (FI) data and from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Stand density N and mean diameter at breast height D were used as arguments in an FI predictive model assuming Poisson distribution of trees on a horizontal plane. It was found that a lack of FI data on forest regrowth and understorey trees caused v to be overestimated. Point cloud metrics of sparse ALS data from summer 2017 and spring 2019 were used as predictive variables for v in regression models. The best models were based on three variables: the 10th percentile of the point cloud height distribution, relative density of returns in a horizontal layer ranging 0.7–2.2 m above the ground, and canopy cover. The models had a coefficient of determination of up to 67% and a residual standard error of less than 25 m. In forests in which fertile soil produces rapid height growth of understorey woody vegetation after recent thinning, visibility was found to be substantially overestimated because the understorey was not detected by the lidar measurements.
{"title":"Options for estimating horizontal visibility in hemiboreal forests using sparse airborne laser scanning data and forest inventory data","authors":"Mait Lang, K. Vennik, Andrus Põldma, T. Nilson","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Horizontal visibility v in hemiboreal forest transects was measured in the field and then predicted, both from forest inventory (FI) data and from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Stand density N and mean diameter at breast height D were used as arguments in an FI predictive model assuming Poisson distribution of trees on a horizontal plane. It was found that a lack of FI data on forest regrowth and understorey trees caused v to be overestimated. Point cloud metrics of sparse ALS data from summer 2017 and spring 2019 were used as predictive variables for v in regression models. The best models were based on three variables: the 10th percentile of the point cloud height distribution, relative density of returns in a horizontal layer ranging 0.7–2.2 m above the ground, and canopy cover. The models had a coefficient of determination of up to 67% and a residual standard error of less than 25 m. In forests in which fertile soil produces rapid height growth of understorey woody vegetation after recent thinning, visibility was found to be substantially overestimated because the understorey was not detected by the lidar measurements.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72386515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tkach, M. Rumiantsev, V. Luk’yanets, Oleksii Kobets, S. Pozniakova, Iryna Obolonyk, S. Sydorenko
Abstract The natural distribution area of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the forests of Europe and Ukraine has been determined through the analysis of scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. According to the reference materials on the current state of Ukrainian forests (25 administrative regions), it is established that ash forests cover an area of about 150,000 ha or 2.4% of the total area of the country’s forests. Among them, common ash stands account for almost 87% or 130,000 ha; the rest are stands of introduced ash species, namely F. pennsylvanica Marsh., F. americana L., and F. lanceolata Borkh. The average age of ash stands is 59 years. Only 6.4% (8,300 ha) of the total area of ash forests is covered by pure ash stands, and the remaining area (93.6% or 121,700 ha) are mixed ones. It is revealed that the optimal natural and climatic conditions for the emergence, preservation and successful growth of natural regeneration of ash trees are fresh and moist fertile sites (rich in minerals) with well-drained soils, the light of at least 5–6% of that on an open space, and without abundant live ground cover. The highest number of seed regeneration of ash, about 7,000–8,000 stems ha−1 on average, was found under the canopy of mixed (ash share in the composition was 10 to 20% by stock) old (over 100 years old) stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.7–0.8. Promoting the natural seed regeneration of ash trees can be an effective way of increasing the sustainability of such stands and will ensure their preservation in the forests of Ukraine and in deciduous forests of Europe as a whole.
摘要通过对乌克兰和国外研究人员的科学著作的分析，确定了欧洲和乌克兰森林中普通白蜡树(Fraxinus excelsior L.)的自然分布区域。根据乌克兰森林现状(25个行政区域)的参考资料，确定灰林覆盖面积约为150,000公顷，占该国森林总面积的2.4%。其中，普通白蜡林约占87%，约13万公顷;其余的是引进的白蜡树林，即宾夕法尼亚白蜡树沼泽林。， F. americana L.和F. lanceolata Borkh。白蜡林的平均树龄为59年。纯白蜡林面积仅占白蜡林总面积的6.4%(8300公顷)，其余面积(93.6%(12.17万公顷)为混合白蜡林。结果表明，白蜡树自然再生的出现、保存和成功生长的最佳自然和气候条件是新鲜湿润的肥沃土地(富含矿物质)，土壤排水良好，光照至少为开放空间光照的5-6%，没有丰富的活植被。在相对放养密度为0.7 ~ 0.8的混交林(灰分在组成中所占比例为10% ~ 20%)林龄(100年以上)林冠下，灰分的种子再生数量最高，平均约为7000 ~ 8000茎ha−1。促进白蜡树的自然种子再生可以是增加这种林分的可持续性的有效方法，并将确保它们在乌克兰森林和整个欧洲的落叶林中得到保存。
{"title":"Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in Ukrainian forests and its successful natural regeneration","authors":"V. Tkach, M. Rumiantsev, V. Luk’yanets, Oleksii Kobets, S. Pozniakova, Iryna Obolonyk, S. Sydorenko","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The natural distribution area of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the forests of Europe and Ukraine has been determined through the analysis of scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. According to the reference materials on the current state of Ukrainian forests (25 administrative regions), it is established that ash forests cover an area of about 150,000 ha or 2.4% of the total area of the country’s forests. Among them, common ash stands account for almost 87% or 130,000 ha; the rest are stands of introduced ash species, namely F. pennsylvanica Marsh., F. americana L., and F. lanceolata Borkh. The average age of ash stands is 59 years. Only 6.4% (8,300 ha) of the total area of ash forests is covered by pure ash stands, and the remaining area (93.6% or 121,700 ha) are mixed ones. It is revealed that the optimal natural and climatic conditions for the emergence, preservation and successful growth of natural regeneration of ash trees are fresh and moist fertile sites (rich in minerals) with well-drained soils, the light of at least 5–6% of that on an open space, and without abundant live ground cover. The highest number of seed regeneration of ash, about 7,000–8,000 stems ha−1 on average, was found under the canopy of mixed (ash share in the composition was 10 to 20% by stock) old (over 100 years old) stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.7–0.8. Promoting the natural seed regeneration of ash trees can be an effective way of increasing the sustainability of such stands and will ensure their preservation in the forests of Ukraine and in deciduous forests of Europe as a whole.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77781637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this summary, we give an overview of the application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for predicting the main forest inventory variables in Estonia. When Estonia being one of the few countries with wall-to-wall ALS availability, the need for applicable models for Estonian forests was imminent. Over the past decade, different studies have been carried out to develop models for standing wood volume, forest height, canopy cover, canopy base height, and methods for monitoring height growth and detect small-scale harvests. The main findings showed strong correlations for all the studied parameters and different methods utilizing low-density lidar data for practical forest inventory purposes. Options for using repea ted ALS measurements for continuous forest inventory are discussed.
{"title":"Aerolaserskaneerimise kasutamine metsakorralduse alusena","authors":"Tauri Arumäe, Mait Lang","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this summary, we give an overview of the application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for predicting the main forest inventory variables in Estonia. When Estonia being one of the few countries with wall-to-wall ALS availability, the need for applicable models for Estonian forests was imminent. Over the past decade, different studies have been carried out to develop models for standing wood volume, forest height, canopy cover, canopy base height, and methods for monitoring height growth and detect small-scale harvests. The main findings showed strong correlations for all the studied parameters and different methods utilizing low-density lidar data for practical forest inventory purposes. Options for using repea ted ALS measurements for continuous forest inventory are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86542467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Not much is known about the 17th-century Estonian and Livonian landscape architecture. Most of the information is based on the descriptions found in historical archival and literary sources and on some of the well-known engravings. According to these, a common idea of that era's landscape architecture is that it was humble in scale and design, and was similar to the practice of late-medieval times when there was no space or ambition to grow woody plants in small gardens of castles. But when diving into the Swedish manor plans dating back to the last decades of the 17th century, it can be noted that the layouts of manorial hearts are inherent to the spatial design of early baroque, which is characterized by a landscape that has strongly been redesigned and includes a decorative garden, kitchen garden and a park. This article focuses on the spatial composition of Estonian and Livonian manor parks of the second half of the 17th century and observes the role of trees and their use in these landscapes. This article is based on the results of a study about the planning of baroque manor hearts Understanding the Role of 18th Century Estonian Manor Ensembles in Contemporary Planning and Conservation (Eesti 18. sajandi mõisaansamblid 21. sajandi maastikuplaneerimises: avastamine, mõistmine, tõlgendamine) which was carried out by the author of this article. The map analysis results deal with the spatial structure of manor ensembles and the observations made during the analysis. The article examines the possible ways of using woody plants in 17th-century Estonian manors while looking at the manor ensemble as an architectonic of early baroque. Based on the research results it can be said that by the last decades of the 17th century the wealthiest manors had already built manor hearts with a modest but a clearly baroque style layout which is characterized by a regular and symmetrical ensemble core, a garden axially connected to the main building and avenues heading into the landscape. This type of approach enables to broaden the common conception of the era's garden and park architecture in the manor hearts of Estonia and Livonia. Based on what is highlighted in the article it can be said that the tradition and practice of garden art that has shaped the image of Estonian landscape had already been developed by the end of the 17th century.
{"title":"The use of woody plants in Estonian and Livonian manor ensembles during the second half of the 17th century","authors":"Sulev Nurme","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Not much is known about the 17th-century Estonian and Livonian landscape architecture. Most of the information is based on the descriptions found in historical archival and literary sources and on some of the well-known engravings. According to these, a common idea of that era's landscape architecture is that it was humble in scale and design, and was similar to the practice of late-medieval times when there was no space or ambition to grow woody plants in small gardens of castles. But when diving into the Swedish manor plans dating back to the last decades of the 17th century, it can be noted that the layouts of manorial hearts are inherent to the spatial design of early baroque, which is characterized by a landscape that has strongly been redesigned and includes a decorative garden, kitchen garden and a park. This article focuses on the spatial composition of Estonian and Livonian manor parks of the second half of the 17th century and observes the role of trees and their use in these landscapes. This article is based on the results of a study about the planning of baroque manor hearts Understanding the Role of 18th Century Estonian Manor Ensembles in Contemporary Planning and Conservation (Eesti 18. sajandi mõisaansamblid 21. sajandi maastikuplaneerimises: avastamine, mõistmine, tõlgendamine) which was carried out by the author of this article. The map analysis results deal with the spatial structure of manor ensembles and the observations made during the analysis. The article examines the possible ways of using woody plants in 17th-century Estonian manors while looking at the manor ensemble as an architectonic of early baroque. Based on the research results it can be said that by the last decades of the 17th century the wealthiest manors had already built manor hearts with a modest but a clearly baroque style layout which is characterized by a regular and symmetrical ensemble core, a garden axially connected to the main building and avenues heading into the landscape. This type of approach enables to broaden the common conception of the era's garden and park architecture in the manor hearts of Estonia and Livonia. Based on what is highlighted in the article it can be said that the tradition and practice of garden art that has shaped the image of Estonian landscape had already been developed by the end of the 17th century.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73545442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the effect of regeneration (planting/seeding) and soil preparation methods (no soil preparation/scalping/mounding) on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three drained peatland Scots pine stands in northern Finland. After ten years, planting and sowing showed no differences in the total number of Scots pine seedlings (one seedling per sowing spot accepted) with the exception of the Sievi experiment. Without soil preparation the total number of Scots pine seedlings was 350–600 per ha. Scalping increased the number of Scots pine seedlings to 550–900 per ha, with the exception of seeding at Sievi. In mounded plots, with the exception of seeded plots at the Sievi site, the number of planted or seeded seedlings was 1,325–2,350 per ha. The number of crop seedlings in all the experiments and for all the soil preparation treatments reached the target of 2,000 seedlings per ha if naturally regenerated Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) or birch (Betula spp.) seedlings were accepted as such. Moose (Alces alces L.) damage in Scots pine crop seedlings ranged from 4% in Sievi to 65% in Simo. The proportion of planted or seeded Scots pines of the crop seedlings was 23% in unprepared plots, 30% in scalped plots and 75% in mounded plots. Mounding increased the share of Scots pine seedlings in the overall crop seedlings. Planted seedlings were taller than seeded seedlings. Planting in mounds gave the best overall results in terms of the number of crop seedlings and their height ten years after the treatment.
{"title":"The effect of planting, seeding and soil preparation on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on drained peatlands – 10-year results","authors":"J. Hytönen, H. Hökkä, M. Saarinen","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We studied the effect of regeneration (planting/seeding) and soil preparation methods (no soil preparation/scalping/mounding) on the regeneration success of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three drained peatland Scots pine stands in northern Finland. After ten years, planting and sowing showed no differences in the total number of Scots pine seedlings (one seedling per sowing spot accepted) with the exception of the Sievi experiment. Without soil preparation the total number of Scots pine seedlings was 350–600 per ha. Scalping increased the number of Scots pine seedlings to 550–900 per ha, with the exception of seeding at Sievi. In mounded plots, with the exception of seeded plots at the Sievi site, the number of planted or seeded seedlings was 1,325–2,350 per ha. The number of crop seedlings in all the experiments and for all the soil preparation treatments reached the target of 2,000 seedlings per ha if naturally regenerated Scots pine, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) or birch (Betula spp.) seedlings were accepted as such. Moose (Alces alces L.) damage in Scots pine crop seedlings ranged from 4% in Sievi to 65% in Simo. The proportion of planted or seeded Scots pines of the crop seedlings was 23% in unprepared plots, 30% in scalped plots and 75% in mounded plots. Mounding increased the share of Scots pine seedlings in the overall crop seedlings. Planted seedlings were taller than seeded seedlings. Planting in mounds gave the best overall results in terms of the number of crop seedlings and their height ten years after the treatment.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90425337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing a simplified estimation method without compromising the performance of the distribution is germane to forest modelling. Few estimation methods exist for the Log-Logistic distribution and are relatively complex. A simplified estimator for the Log-Logistic parameters will increase its application in diameter distribution yield systems. Therefore, in this study, a percentile-based estimator was applied for the Log-Logistic distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Cramer-von Mises statistics were used to evaluate the method in two natural forest stands and two monospecific plantations of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Tectona grandis Linn. f. in Nigeria. The parameter recovery model (PRM) and parameter prediction model (PPM) were used to predict the diameter distributions of independent stands of G. arborea and T. grandis. The results showed that the percentile estimator did not compromise the quality of fits of the Log-Logistic function across the four forest stands and are comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator. The 25th and 75th, and 40th and 80th were the best sample percentiles for the estimator. The predicted diameter distributions of G. arborea and T. grandis stands from the PRM and PPM were reasonable and compare well with the observed distribution. Thus, either of the models can be incorporated into the growth and yield system of forest stand management.
{"title":"A percentile-based estimator for the log-logistic function: Application to forestry","authors":"F. N. Ogana","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Developing a simplified estimation method without compromising the performance of the distribution is germane to forest modelling. Few estimation methods exist for the Log-Logistic distribution and are relatively complex. A simplified estimator for the Log-Logistic parameters will increase its application in diameter distribution yield systems. Therefore, in this study, a percentile-based estimator was applied for the Log-Logistic distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Cramer-von Mises statistics were used to evaluate the method in two natural forest stands and two monospecific plantations of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Tectona grandis Linn. f. in Nigeria. The parameter recovery model (PRM) and parameter prediction model (PPM) were used to predict the diameter distributions of independent stands of G. arborea and T. grandis. The results showed that the percentile estimator did not compromise the quality of fits of the Log-Logistic function across the four forest stands and are comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator. The 25th and 75th, and 40th and 80th were the best sample percentiles for the estimator. The predicted diameter distributions of G. arborea and T. grandis stands from the PRM and PPM were reasonable and compare well with the observed distribution. Thus, either of the models can be incorporated into the growth and yield system of forest stand management.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73033673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is based on a data set of more than 90 years of experience in cultivation of tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin at Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest District. The aim of the paper was to estimate the growth and yield of different tree and shrub species in Eastern Estonia. For this purpose, the height and breast height diameter of trees were measured and their cold hardiness estimated in summer 2019. Our study showed that many tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin grow quite well in the conditions prevalent in Eastern Estonia. These introduced species have importance mainly in park management.
{"title":"Kaug-Ida päritoluga puittaimede kasvatamisest Järvseljal","authors":"Heino Kasesalu","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is based on a data set of more than 90 years of experience in cultivation of tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin at Järvselja Training and Experimental Forest District. The aim of the paper was to estimate the growth and yield of different tree and shrub species in Eastern Estonia. For this purpose, the height and breast height diameter of trees were measured and their cold hardiness estimated in summer 2019. Our study showed that many tree and shrub species of Far-Eastern origin grow quite well in the conditions prevalent in Eastern Estonia. These introduced species have importance mainly in park management.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72472208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discloses algorithms for calculating the volume and lateral area of a stem or part of the stem (assortment) using the integral of the Ozolinš’ stem taper curve. An algorithm was also developed to change the taper curve constants in case another diameter was measured higher than the breast height. The experiment was performed with 580 Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.) measured in Hiiumaa, which included height, diameter at breast height and diameter from the root collar at a height of 5 m. The volumes of tree stem and assortments were estimated with both – the original and corrected (with the measured additional diameter) Ozolinš’ taper curve. Using the original Ozolinš’ taper curve, the stem volume of pines in Hiiumaa is estimated at 4% higher according to the analysis results of 580 measured trees. In the case of Hiiumaa Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.), it is recommended to use 119.717, −289.805 and 1152.016 as the values of the coefficients a0, a1 and a2, respectively, of the Ozolinš’ taper curve equation. In conclusion, for a more accurate assessment of the forest reserve, it is recommended to measure one additional diameter at 5 to 8 m above the root collar on some or all trees.
{"title":"Ozolinši tüvemoodustaja matemaatiline analüüs ja modifitseerimise võimalused Hiiumaa männikute näitel","authors":"Allar Padari","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discloses algorithms for calculating the volume and lateral area of a stem or part of the stem (assortment) using the integral of the Ozolinš’ stem taper curve. An algorithm was also developed to change the taper curve constants in case another diameter was measured higher than the breast height. The experiment was performed with 580 Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.) measured in Hiiumaa, which included height, diameter at breast height and diameter from the root collar at a height of 5 m. The volumes of tree stem and assortments were estimated with both – the original and corrected (with the measured additional diameter) Ozolinš’ taper curve. Using the original Ozolinš’ taper curve, the stem volume of pines in Hiiumaa is estimated at 4% higher according to the analysis results of 580 measured trees. In the case of Hiiumaa Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.), it is recommended to use 119.717, −289.805 and 1152.016 as the values of the coefficients a0, a1 and a2, respectively, of the Ozolinš’ taper curve equation. In conclusion, for a more accurate assessment of the forest reserve, it is recommended to measure one additional diameter at 5 to 8 m above the root collar on some or all trees.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this research was to assess the suitability of the risk assessment methodology developed by Weber & Gut for Central Europe in order to determine the invasive species in the dendroflora of this region's historical parks. In order to do so a region was chosen where the number of old parks is high (Estonia) and then the following characteristics were studied: 1) the distribution of invasive species; 2) the viability of invasive species. Research results showed that the risk assessment for Central Europe developed by Weber & Gut is not suitable for determining invasive tree and shrub species in the historical parks of Estonia. The research viewed 18 species (classified as a high-risk category) and only half of them had characteristics inherent to invasive behaviour (produces reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers, at a considerable distance from parent plants, and thus has the potential to spread over a considerable area). Even in a small territory (45,339 km2), the regional differences in the occurrence of invasive species were substantial. No independent mass reproduction of most of the invasive species was detected during the use of the Weber-Gut risk assessment system. This research showed that the dangers of invasive species cannot be assessed based on one methodology, but each species should be assessed according to their habitat and specifics of the species.
{"title":"Suitability of the Weber-Gut risk assessment methodology used in Central Europe for determining invasive woody plant species in Estonian historical parks","authors":"N. Nutt, A. Kubjas","doi":"10.2478/fsmu-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main objective of this research was to assess the suitability of the risk assessment methodology developed by Weber & Gut for Central Europe in order to determine the invasive species in the dendroflora of this region's historical parks. In order to do so a region was chosen where the number of old parks is high (Estonia) and then the following characteristics were studied: 1) the distribution of invasive species; 2) the viability of invasive species. Research results showed that the risk assessment for Central Europe developed by Weber & Gut is not suitable for determining invasive tree and shrub species in the historical parks of Estonia. The research viewed 18 species (classified as a high-risk category) and only half of them had characteristics inherent to invasive behaviour (produces reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers, at a considerable distance from parent plants, and thus has the potential to spread over a considerable area). Even in a small territory (45,339 km2), the regional differences in the occurrence of invasive species were substantial. No independent mass reproduction of most of the invasive species was detected during the use of the Weber-Gut risk assessment system. This research showed that the dangers of invasive species cannot be assessed based on one methodology, but each species should be assessed according to their habitat and specifics of the species.","PeriodicalId":35353,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75646296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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