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Treino Cognitivo de Memória com Idosos Saudáveis: Metanálise e Comparação de Estratégias 健康老年人认知记忆训练:meta分析与策略比较
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38319.pt
Victor Linking Magalhães Campos, T. H. F. Vasconcellos
Resumo O treino cognitivo é um recurso possível para o aprimoramento da memória. Este trabalho busca comparar a eficácia de estratégias de treino de memória com idosos adotadas no contexto brasileiro. Pesquisou-se por estudos que apresentassem ensaios clínicos sobre efeitos de diferentes estratégias de memorização com idosos brasileiros. Realizou-se uma metanálise do tamanho de efeito (g de Hedges) das estratégias de nove estudos que resultaram com essas características. Evidenciaram-se efeitos do treino de insignificantes a moderados, mas não estatisticamente significativos, sobre as memórias de trabalho, episódica e semântica, além de moderado e significativo sobre a memória incidental. Isso indica que estudos brasileiros têm apresentado programas de treino com estratégias de memorização com efeito no máximo moderado sobre a memória de idosos.
摘要认知训练是提高记忆力的一种可能手段。本研究旨在比较在巴西环境下老年人记忆训练策略的有效性。我们搜索了一些关于不同记忆策略对巴西老年人影响的临床试验的研究。我们对9项具有这些特征的研究的策略进行了效应大小(g对冲)的meta分析。训练对工作记忆、情景记忆和语义记忆的影响可忽略至中度,但无统计学意义,对偶然记忆的影响可忽略至中度。这表明,巴西的研究已经提出了记忆策略训练计划,对老年人的记忆有适度的最大效果。
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引用次数: 0
Percepções sobre o uso de álcool em uma comunidade indígena potiguar, potiguar土著社区对酒精使用的看法,
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38419.pt
Ivan Farias Barreto, M. Dimenstein, J. Leite
Resumo Esse trabalho analisa os sentidos atribuídos ao consumo de álcool e às estratégias de cuidado acionadas por um grupo indígena do Rio Grande do Norte, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa envolvendo moradores e lideranças. Os resultados geraram três eixos analíticos: determinantes do consumo de álcool, cenário de atenção à saúde e uso de álcool no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Constatou-se que o uso de álcool na comunidade tem sido marcado por movimentos históricos que alteraram os modos de existência e limitaram o acesso às terras tradicionalmente ocupadas. A ingestão de álcool apareceu como fenômeno naturalizado, associado a problemas sociais e de saúde que são agravadas pela desassistência pública percebida pela comunidade.
摘要本研究通过一项涉及居民和领导人的定性研究,分析了里约热内卢Grande do Norte的一个土著群体所采取的酒精消费和护理策略的意义。结果产生了三个分析轴:酒精消费的决定因素、卫生保健情景和Covid-19大流行背景下的酒精使用。研究发现,社区内的酒精使用受到历史运动的影响,这些运动改变了人们的生存方式,限制了人们进入传统上被占领的土地。酒精摄入是一种归化的现象,与社会和健康问题有关,而社区认为公众缺乏援助而加剧了这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
Psychoanalytic Research in the University: Methodological Research Strategies 大学精神分析研究:方法论研究策略
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38414.en
Gregório De Sordi Gregório, Deise Matos do Amparo
Abstract The principle of psychoanalytic investigation is to provide conditions for discoveries, but not necessarily to discover what was sought. On the other hand, at the university level, a frequent requirement is the delineation of general objectives, specific objectives, hypotheses, and expected results. How is it possible, then, in the face of clinical and university claims, to study unconscious phenomena so as not to violate the nature of the object of study? This article proposes to conduct a theoretical discussion on the epistemology of psychoanalytic research and its place within university research. Psychoanalytic research is conceptualized as a matrix of strategies guided by clinical practice and research. In this context, the focus of this article is directed at the case study.
精神分析调查的原则是为发现提供条件,但不一定是发现所寻求的东西。另一方面,在大学阶段,一个常见的要求是对总体目标、具体目标、假设和预期结果的描述。那么,面对临床和大学的要求,如何可能研究无意识现象而不违背研究对象的本质呢?本文拟对精神分析研究的认识论及其在大学研究中的地位进行理论探讨。精神分析研究的概念是由临床实践和研究指导的策略矩阵。在这种情况下,本文的重点是案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions on alcohol use in a Potiguar indigenous community, 波提瓜土著社区对酒精使用的看法,
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38419.en
Ivan Farias Barreto, Magda Dimenstein, J. Leite
Abstract This work analyzes the meanings attributed to alcohol consumption and the care strategies used by an indigenous group in Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) by means ofa qualitative research involving residents and leaders. The results generated three analytical axes: determinants of alcohol consumption, health care settings, and alcohol use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that the use of alcohol in the community has been marked by historical movements that have altered the modes of existence and limited access to traditionally occupied lands. Alcohol consumption appeared as a naturalized phenomenon, associated with social and health problems that are aggravated by the lack of public assistance perceived by the community.
本工作通过涉及居民和领导人的定性研究,分析了巴西北部大德州(里约热内卢Grande do Norte)土著群体饮酒和护理策略的含义。结果产生了三个分析轴:酒精消费的决定因素、卫生保健环境和COVID-19大流行背景下的酒精使用。调查发现,在社区中使用酒精的特点是历史运动,这些运动改变了生存方式,限制了进入传统占领土地的机会。酒精消费似乎是一种自然现象,与社会和健康问题有关,而社区认为缺乏公共援助使这些问题更加严重。
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引用次数: 0
Características Estruturais e Funções das Redes Sociais Significativas de Mulheres Ex-Abrigadas 前庇护女性重要社会网络的结构特征和功能
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38516.pt
Scheila Krenkel, Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo Moré
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo foi compreender as características estruturais e funções das redes sociais significativas de mulheres que sofreram violência, após a passagem por uma casa-abrigo. Participaram seis mulheres que haviam sido acolhidas numa casa-abrigo da região Sul do Brasil. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e o Mapa de Redes. A organização e análise dos dados ocorreram com base na Grounded Theory e contou com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti 7.0. Observaram-se redes de tamanho médio e grande, com maior grau de proximidade afetiva e predomínio de membros da família. As principais funções foram apoio emocional e guia cognitivo e de conselhos. Destaca-se o empoderamento das participantes em reativar e ressignificar a qualidade do vínculo relacional com suas redes sociais significativas.
摘要这项定性研究的目的是了解遭受暴力的妇女在通过庇护所后的结构特征和重要社会网络的功能。六名妇女参加了这项研究,她们在巴西南部的一个收容所接受了治疗。数据收集采用半结构化访谈法和网络图法。数据的组织和分析是基于扎根理论,并借助Atlas软件进行的。你7级左右。观察到中型和大型网络,情感接近程度更高,家庭成员占优势。主要功能是情感支持、认知指导和建议。值得注意的是,参与者能够重新激活和重新定义与其重要社会网络的关系联系的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Validity of the Psychological Well-Being Scale with Morbid Female Obesity 病态女性肥胖心理健康量表的效度分析
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38522.en
S. Medeiro, L. França, J. A. E. Hernandez
Abstract Psychological well-being is an important indicator of psychological adjustment. Obesity is considered a progressive disease that results in serious public health problems. This investigation sought validity evidence for the Psychological Well-Being Scale in 293 morbidly obese Brazilian women, aged between 18 and 61 years, who were awaiting bariatric surgery. The scores were submitted to Confirmatory Factor Analysis and several theoretical models were tested. According to the results, an oblique six-dimensional structure presented a good fit to the empirical data. Acceptable indices of internal consistency for the measurement factors were also obtained. The scale may contribute to the development of programs aimed at improving the psychological well-being of people with morbid obesity, before and after bariatric surgery.
摘要心理健康是心理调适的重要指标。肥胖被认为是一种进行性疾病,会导致严重的公共健康问题。本研究在293名年龄在18岁至61岁之间等待减肥手术的巴西病态肥胖妇女中寻找心理健康量表的有效性证据。将分数提交给验证性因子分析,并对几个理论模型进行测试。结果表明,斜向六维结构与经验数据吻合较好。还获得了可接受的测量因子内部一致性指标。该量表可能有助于制定旨在改善病态肥胖患者在减肥手术前后的心理健康状况的计划。
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引用次数: 0
Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study on Social-Emotional Cognition and Executive Functions 重度抑郁症:社会情绪认知与执行功能的比较研究
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38217.en
B. Mônego, R. Fonseca, A. L. Teixeira, I. Barbosa, L. Souza, D. Bandeira
Abstract The present study aimed to assess socioemotional cognition and executive functions in patients with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder. The sample included 22 patients between 36 and 93 years of age (M = 59.32; SD = 12.89) and 23 patients between 30 and 81 years of age (M = 63.00; SD = 13.56) controls. In addition to demographic data, symptoms of anxiety and depression, empathy, theory of mind, recognition of emotions, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and phonemic verbal fluency were obtained. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding age and education. Patients had significantly more anxiety, depression and personal distress than controls. Individuals with more severe depressive symptoms had a lower processing speed than the others.
摘要本研究旨在评估单相重性抑郁障碍患者的社会情绪认知和执行功能。样本包括22例年龄在36 ~ 93岁之间的患者(M = 59.32;SD = 12.89)和23例年龄在30 ~ 81岁之间的患者(M = 63.00;SD = 13.56)对照。除人口统计数据外,还获得了焦虑和抑郁症状、共情、心理理论、情绪识别、抑制控制、认知灵活性和语音流畅性。两组在年龄和教育程度上没有统计学差异。患者的焦虑、抑郁和个人痛苦明显多于对照组。抑郁症状更严重的个体的处理速度比其他人要慢。
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引用次数: 0
ACT Parenting Program: A pilot study with observational measures of parent-child interaction ACT养育计划:一项对亲子互动进行观察性测量的试点研究
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38313.en
Luciana Barbalho Pontes, Rachel de Faria Brino
– Considering the lack of studies involving primary prevention of child abuse, this pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Parenting Program, a universal violence prevention program, through observational measures of parent-child interactions and parental self-report. The study included 10 parents, randomly assigned to wait-list control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), with pre-test/post-test/follow-up measures. The observation sessions were conducted in a lab-house with one-way mirror and filming equipment. Comparing the groups, the EG had a significant increase in self-reported problem-solving skills after program completion. However, no differences were found among observational measures. Further studies are required to attest the effectiveness of the program with behavioral measures.
-考虑到缺乏涉及儿童虐待初级预防的研究,本试点研究旨在通过对亲子互动和父母自我报告的观察措施,评估ACT养育计划(一项普遍的暴力预防计划)的有效性。研究纳入10名家长,随机分为等候名单对照组(CG)和实验组(EG),分别进行测试前/测试后/随访。观察会议在实验室进行,有单向镜和拍摄设备。与各组相比,EG在项目完成后自我报告的解决问题能力显著提高。然而,在观察性测量中没有发现差异。需要进一步的研究来证明该计划与行为措施的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Memory Training with Healthy Elderly: Meta-Analysis and Comparison of Strategies 健康老年人认知记忆训练:meta分析及策略比较
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38319.en
V. Campos, Thiago Henrique Ferreira Vasconcellos
Abstract Memory training is an alternative for cognitive improvement with elderly, currently evidenced in Brazilian research. Nevertheless, there is no verification of the differences between types of training, in order to identify the effectiveness of different strategies in intervention. Therefore, this paper seeks to compare strategies adopted in the Brazilian context. A meta-analysis was carried out, evaluating the effect size, publication bias and heterogeneity of the studies. The results indicate a statistically insignificant effect from insignificant to moderate on the worked memory subsystems, although with a moderate and significant effect on incidental memory. The presence of bias in publications and high heterogeneity between studies are indicated. Subsequent meta-analyses should associate the results with methodological characteristics of the works.
记忆训练是提高老年人认知能力的另一种选择,目前在巴西的研究中得到了证明。然而,为了确定不同干预策略的有效性,没有对不同类型的训练之间的差异进行验证。因此,本文试图比较在巴西背景下采取的策略。进行meta分析,评估研究的效应大小、发表偏倚和异质性。结果表明,对工作记忆子系统的影响从不显著到中等不显著,但对偶然记忆子系统的影响从中等到显著。出版物中存在偏倚,研究之间存在高度异质性。随后的荟萃分析应将结果与研究的方法学特征联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Intervention in Depressive Suffering: ADI/TIP Method, Psychology and Phenomenology of Affects 抑郁症的临床干预:ADI/TIP方法、影响心理学和现象学
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e38422.en
Maria Clara Jost, T. Goto
Abstract Depression itself composes, in the West, an epidemiological phenomenon constituted by neurochemical factors highlighting an eminently psychic suffering which indicates the importance of psychotherapy. Nevertheless, it becomes evident the lack of propositive researches within clinical phenomenology. Such theoretical study uses the method of bibliographical research to present the therapeutic process of the ADI / TIP Method theoretically based on the phenomenological analyzes of affections as a possibility of intervention. The enlightenment over the structures from the experiences of affective sphere allows the apprehension of the contributions of this short duration (10-15 sessions) process, whose satisfactory results / changes demonstrate transformations in both the subjective/intersubjective configurations of individuals and the comprehension of singular senses resigned to the prime affective-emotional experiences, reducing the depressive symptomatology and collaborating for the current psychological practice investigation.
在西方,抑郁症本身是一种由神经化学因素构成的流行病学现象,它突出了一种显著的精神痛苦,这表明了心理治疗的重要性。然而,临床现象学的实证研究明显缺乏。这种理论研究采用文献研究的方法,在情感现象学分析作为干预可能性的基础上,从理论上呈现ADI / TIP方法的治疗过程。从情感领域的经验中对结构的启示使我们能够理解这一短时间(10-15次)过程的贡献,其令人满意的结果/变化表明了个人主观/主体间配置的转变以及对主要情感-情感体验的单一感官的理解。减轻抑郁症状,配合当前心理实践调查。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa
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