Beim Redryverfahren handelt es sich nicht um ein Fermentationsverfahren, sondern um eine Methode der Konditionierung mittels der Redrymaschine von hellfarbeneo und zuckerhaltigen heißluftgetrockneten Virgintabaken, die zur Gruppe der "sauren Tabake" gehören. Die Temperaturen, die bei der Heißlufttrocknung zur Anwendung ·gelangen, liegen bei der Blattvergilbung .im Bereich von 3.5-40° C, bei der Blattrocknung um 500 C und während der letzten Phase, der Rippentrocknung, bei maximal 75-800 C, wobei die Gesamtzeit, die für die Trocknungsvorgänge benötigt wird, 2 bis ; Tage beträgt. Beim Redryverfahren, das sich nach einer gewissen ZwischenZeit der Heißlufttrocknung anschließt, werden die nochmals nachgetrockneten Tabake Temperaturen von So bis :tooO C ausgesetzt, wieder befeuchtet und abgekühlt und verlassen die Maschine mit einer Temp~ratur von ca. 400 C und einem Wassergehalt von :16-:18%. Die Zeitdauer für die Redry. behandlung hängt von der Länge der Maschine und der Transportgeschwindigkeit ab. Nach der Redrybehandlung werden die Tabake verballt oder in Holzfässern verpackt und verbleiben nach ihrem Umschlag in klimaüberwachten Räumen bis zur Verarbeitung. Diese Reifezeit, auch Agin genannt, dauert mehrere Monate.
{"title":"Chemistry and Microbiology of Tobacco Redrying / Zur Chemie und Mikrobiologie des Redryverfahrens","authors":"J. A. Schmidt","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Beim Redryverfahren handelt es sich nicht um ein Fermentationsverfahren, sondern um eine Methode der Konditionierung mittels der Redrymaschine von hellfarbeneo und zuckerhaltigen heißluftgetrockneten Virgintabaken, die zur Gruppe der \"sauren Tabake\" gehören. Die Temperaturen, die bei der Heißlufttrocknung zur Anwendung ·gelangen, liegen bei der Blattvergilbung .im Bereich von 3.5-40° C, bei der Blattrocknung um 500 C und während der letzten Phase, der Rippentrocknung, bei maximal 75-800 C, wobei die Gesamtzeit, die für die Trocknungsvorgänge benötigt wird, 2 bis ; Tage beträgt. Beim Redryverfahren, das sich nach einer gewissen ZwischenZeit der Heißlufttrocknung anschließt, werden die nochmals nachgetrockneten Tabake Temperaturen von So bis :tooO C ausgesetzt, wieder befeuchtet und abgekühlt und verlassen die Maschine mit einer Temp~ratur von ca. 400 C und einem Wassergehalt von :16-:18%. Die Zeitdauer für die Redry. behandlung hängt von der Länge der Maschine und der Transportgeschwindigkeit ab. Nach der Redrybehandlung werden die Tabake verballt oder in Holzfässern verpackt und verbleiben nach ihrem Umschlag in klimaüberwachten Räumen bis zur Verarbeitung. Diese Reifezeit, auch Agin genannt, dauert mehrere Monate.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78406092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The influence of tobacco moisture content on the yield of phenols in the mainstream smoke of a plain cigarette was studied. The yield of phenols calculated on the basis of dry weight of burnt tobacco decreases by 27 % over the range of moisture content adjustable by equilibrium.
{"title":"The Influence of Tobacco Moisture Content on the Composition of Mainstream Smoke Yield II / Einfluss des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes von Cigaretten auf die Zusammensetzung des Rauches ll","authors":"H. Ehmke, G. Neurath","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of tobacco moisture content on the yield of phenols in the mainstream smoke of a plain cigarette was studied. The yield of phenols calculated on the basis of dry weight of burnt tobacco decreases by 27 % over the range of moisture content adjustable by equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A procedure for measuring the apparent specific volume of shredded tobacco is described. It differs from previously reported methods mainly in that air pressure is used to compress the tobacco and is therefore particularly suited for studies of the relationship between compression and apparent specific volume.
{"title":"A Procedure for Measuring the Apparent Specific Volume of Cut Tobacco: A Contribution to Measuring Techniques / Zur Bestimmung des scheinbaren spezifischen Volumens von Schnittabak: Ein Beitrag zur Messtechnik","authors":"A. Artho","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A procedure for measuring the apparent specific volume of shredded tobacco is described. It differs from previously reported methods mainly in that air pressure is used to compress the tobacco and is therefore particularly suited for studies of the relationship between compression and apparent specific volume.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72907675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Smoke of a plain 85 mm cigarette, 2 types of cigars, a pipe with standard pipe tobacco, a pipe filled with cigarette tobacco, and a Syrian water pipe was analysed for the mainstream particulate matter, nicotine, benzo[a]pyrene, and phenols. On the basis of equal weights of tobacco consumed, cigarettes gave the highest yields of both nicotine and particulate materials, with lesser amounts, in decreasing order, obtained from an American-type pipe, cigars, and an oriental water pipe. The highest value from 100 g tobacco for benzo[a]pyrene, 27.0 µg, and phenol, 68.7 mg, was found in the smoke of a pipe filled with standard pipe tobacco. A pipe filled with cigarette tobacco yielded benzo[a]pyrene, 10.5 µg, phenol, 21.2 mg; cigarette smoke, benzo[a]pyrene, 7.8 µg, phenol, 25.4 mg; cigar smoke, benzo[a]pyrene, 4.0 and 5.1 µg, phenol, 7.4 and 10.7 mg, with the lowest values for the smoke from an oriental water pipe, benzo[a]pyrene 1.7 µg, phenol, 1.8 mg. The water-filled oriental pipe retained about 90 percent of the phenol of the original smoke. Particulate matter, nicotine, and benzo[a]pyrene were retained to a lesser degree by the water (about 50 %). Increased puff frequency resulted in higher yields of all 4 groups of compounds in the mainstream smoke. Values at 2 puffs per minute frequency ranged from 50 to 120% higher than those at 1 puff per minute when the other smoking factors were held constant. Since biological tests and comparisons of the carcinogenicity of the condensates of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes have previously been carried out on equal weights of condensate, the analytical results of this study were compared in the same manner. One g of the smoke condensates from 85 mm plain cigarettes, 2 types of cigars, and a standard pipe contain 1.25, 3.6, 3.9 and 6.0 µg benzo[a]pyrene, respectively. The corresponding phenol values were 4.1, 6.7, 8.2 and 15.0 mg per 1 g smoke condensate
{"title":"Comparison of the Yields of Selected Components in the Smoke of Different Tobacco Products / Vergleich der Ausbeute an mehreren ausgewählten Komponenten im Rauch verschiedener Tabakerzeugnisse","authors":"D. Hoffmann, G. Rathkamp, E. Wynder","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smoke of a plain 85 mm cigarette, 2 types of cigars, a pipe with standard pipe tobacco, a pipe filled with cigarette tobacco, and a Syrian water pipe was analysed for the mainstream particulate matter, nicotine, benzo[a]pyrene, and phenols. On the basis of equal weights of tobacco consumed, cigarettes gave the highest yields of both nicotine and particulate materials, with lesser amounts, in decreasing order, obtained from an American-type pipe, cigars, and an oriental water pipe. The highest value from 100 g tobacco for benzo[a]pyrene, 27.0 µg, and phenol, 68.7 mg, was found in the smoke of a pipe filled with standard pipe tobacco. A pipe filled with cigarette tobacco yielded benzo[a]pyrene, 10.5 µg, phenol, 21.2 mg; cigarette smoke, benzo[a]pyrene, 7.8 µg, phenol, 25.4 mg; cigar smoke, benzo[a]pyrene, 4.0 and 5.1 µg, phenol, 7.4 and 10.7 mg, with the lowest values for the smoke from an oriental water pipe, benzo[a]pyrene 1.7 µg, phenol, 1.8 mg. The water-filled oriental pipe retained about 90 percent of the phenol of the original smoke. Particulate matter, nicotine, and benzo[a]pyrene were retained to a lesser degree by the water (about 50 %). Increased puff frequency resulted in higher yields of all 4 groups of compounds in the mainstream smoke. Values at 2 puffs per minute frequency ranged from 50 to 120% higher than those at 1 puff per minute when the other smoking factors were held constant. Since biological tests and comparisons of the carcinogenicity of the condensates of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes have previously been carried out on equal weights of condensate, the analytical results of this study were compared in the same manner. One g of the smoke condensates from 85 mm plain cigarettes, 2 types of cigars, and a standard pipe contain 1.25, 3.6, 3.9 and 6.0 µg benzo[a]pyrene, respectively. The corresponding phenol values were 4.1, 6.7, 8.2 and 15.0 mg per 1 g smoke condensate","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83671108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A method for the determination of the steam-volatile non-pyridinic bases content of tobacco is described. 140 varieties of tobacco were examined. Burley tobaccos were found to contain 0.35 to 1.36 per cent of nitrogen in the form of low-boiling volatile amines. Oriental tobaccos contained 0.20 to 0.55 per cent and Virginia tobaccos of different origin contained 0.15 to 0.35 per cent. Methods of controlling the content of volatile bases in tobacco are discussed.
{"title":"Examination of Volatile Bases in Tobacco / Untersuchung der Flüchtigen Basen des Tabaks","authors":"G. Neurath, H. Ehmke, K. Müller","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method for the determination of the steam-volatile non-pyridinic bases content of tobacco is described. 140 varieties of tobacco were examined. Burley tobaccos were found to contain 0.35 to 1.36 per cent of nitrogen in the form of low-boiling volatile amines. Oriental tobaccos contained 0.20 to 0.55 per cent and Virginia tobaccos of different origin contained 0.15 to 0.35 per cent. Methods of controlling the content of volatile bases in tobacco are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87895509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The quantity of tobacco which is necessary for the correct filling of a cigarette depends on different factors and particularly on the filling weight (apparent density) of tobacco rag at a given pressure. Some years ago the ''Centre d'Essais'' of the SEITA developed an apparatus by which the filling weight being related to the filling capacity can be measured. The present paper describes the apparatus and its working conditions and deals with the causes of errors by which the measurements can be influenced.
{"title":"Filling Capacity of Cut Tobacco. Method of Determination Developed by the „Centre d’Essais et Recherches Techniques du S.E.I.T.A.” / Die Füllfähigkeit von Schnittabak: Bestimmungsmethode des “Centre d'Essais et Recherches Techniques du S.E.I.T.A.”","authors":"A. Pietrucci","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0075","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quantity of tobacco which is necessary for the correct filling of a cigarette depends on different factors and particularly on the filling weight (apparent density) of tobacco rag at a given pressure. Some years ago the ''Centre d'Essais'' of the SEITA developed an apparatus by which the filling weight being related to the filling capacity can be measured. The present paper describes the apparatus and its working conditions and deals with the causes of errors by which the measurements can be influenced.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90960275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The influence of tobacco moisture on the content of condensate, nicotine, and total phenols in the side stream smoke of a plain cigarette was studied. More condensate is formed from burned tobacco during the puff intervals than during the puffs themselves. With increasing moisture content the concentrations of nicotine and phenols rise in the side stream condensate and decrease in the mainstream condensate. This effect disappears by extrapolation to the moisture content zero. The total quantity of regained nicotine decreases with increasing moisture content. The formation of phenols decreases with increasing moisture content by about 20 per cent.
{"title":"The Influence of Tobacco Moisture Content of Cigarettes on the Composition of Mainstream Smoke Yield III /Einfluss des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes von Cigaretten auf die Zusammensetzung des Rauches lll","authors":"G. Neurath, H. Ehmke, H. Horstmann","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of tobacco moisture on the content of condensate, nicotine, and total phenols in the side stream smoke of a plain cigarette was studied. More condensate is formed from burned tobacco during the puff intervals than during the puffs themselves. With increasing moisture content the concentrations of nicotine and phenols rise in the side stream condensate and decrease in the mainstream condensate. This effect disappears by extrapolation to the moisture content zero. The total quantity of regained nicotine decreases with increasing moisture content. The formation of phenols decreases with increasing moisture content by about 20 per cent.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89218218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present paper reports on experiences gained, in practice, by the use of the statistic apparatus type 611 of the firm of Güttinger. By means of transmitting keys the transistorized calculating machine permits the determination of mean values and standard deviations of ten classes comprising 99 pieces each. It is demonstrated that several classes can combine and that piece numbers exceeding the mentioned limit can be adjusted by division without diminishing significantly the accuracy of the resulting values.
{"title":"The Statistic Apparatus Type 611 Developed by Güttinger and its Practical Meaning for Quality Control / Das Statistic-Gerät (Typ 611) der Firma Güttinger und seine praktische Bedeutung fuer die Qualitätskontrolle","authors":"M. von Bethmann","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper reports on experiences gained, in practice, by the use of the statistic apparatus type 611 of the firm of Güttinger. By means of transmitting keys the transistorized calculating machine permits the determination of mean values and standard deviations of ten classes comprising 99 pieces each. It is demonstrated that several classes can combine and that piece numbers exceeding the mentioned limit can be adjusted by division without diminishing significantly the accuracy of the resulting values.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75528582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract 7. Vorschrift für die Messung der Luftdurchlässigkeit von Cigarettenpapier 7.1 Apparatur 7.2 Dichtigkeitsprüfung 7.3 Messung 7.4 Berechnung
Abstract 7 .ciayton纸的通风口规定数7.1个自动通达检查7.4
{"title":"Standardized Regulations For the Analysis of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke / Einheitliche Vorschriften für die Analyse von Tabak und Tabakrauch","authors":"Wissenschaftliche Forschungsstelle im Verband der","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 7. Vorschrift für die Messung der Luftdurchlässigkeit von Cigarettenpapier 7.1 Apparatur 7.2 Dichtigkeitsprüfung 7.3 Messung 7.4 Berechnung","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77588734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In einer zurüddiegenden Arbeit über neue Methoden zur Messung der Porosität von Cigarettenpapier und des Ventilationsgrades von Cigaretten (1) hatten wir Definitionen der mit diesem Gebiet zusammenhängenden Begriffe und Maßeinheiten vorgeschlagen. Nach eingehender Diskussion dieser Vorschläge beschloß das V. Tabak-Kolloquium 1963 in Paris (2.) die Annahme der folgenden Definitionen, wobei vor allem der Begriff "Porosität" durch "Luftdurchlässigkeit" ersetzt wurde.
{"title":"Resolutions of the 5th Tobacco-Colloquium 1963 Regarding the Nomenclature of Air Permeability of Cigarette Paper and Related Terms / Beschlüsse des V. Tabak-Kolloquiums 1963 zur Nomenklatur der Luftdurchlässigkeit von Cigarettenpapier und verwandter Begriffe","authors":"G. Lipp","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0069","url":null,"abstract":"In einer zurüddiegenden Arbeit über neue Methoden zur Messung der Porosität von Cigarettenpapier und des Ventilationsgrades von Cigaretten (1) hatten wir Definitionen der mit diesem Gebiet zusammenhängenden Begriffe und Maßeinheiten vorgeschlagen. Nach eingehender Diskussion dieser Vorschläge beschloß das V. Tabak-Kolloquium 1963 in Paris (2.) die Annahme der folgenden Definitionen, wobei vor allem der Begriff \"Porosität\" durch \"Luftdurchlässigkeit\" ersetzt wurde.","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78788390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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