Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1349519
Sources used: Original manuscripts, plus articles from Etnograficheskoe obozrenie (Ethnographic Review); Rossiiskaia arkheologiia (Russian Archeology); Trudy Instituta etnografii (Works of the Institute of Ethnography); Sbornik Muzeia antropologii i etnografii (Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography); Voprosy filosofii (Problems of Philosophy); Voprosy istorii (Problems of History); Novoe v etnografii (New in Ethnography); Nauka i religiia (Science and Religion); Obshchestvennye nauki (Social Sciences); Issledovaniia po prikladnoi i neotlozhnoi etnologie (Studies in Applied and Urgent Ethnology); Vostok (The East); Federalizm; Panorama-Forum. Articles in this issue are translated by arrangement with the copyright holders.
来源:原始手稿，加上Etnograficheskoe obozrenie(人种学评论)的文章;俄罗斯考古学;Trudy Instituta etnografii(人种学研究所著作);Sbornik Muzeia anthropologii i etnografii(人类与民族志博物馆收藏);哲学问题;历史问题;Novoe v etnografii(新民族志);科学与宗教;社会科学;应用民族学与紧急民族学研究;东方;Federalizm;Panorama-Forum。本刊文章经与版权方安排翻译。
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Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1317529
Mahin Ahbabi
This article provides a comparative study of the mythological narratives of Zahhak in Persian literary works and the only surviving archeological illustrations of Zahhak before the advent of Islam, in Panjeh Kent [Panjakent] Tajikistan (500–600 C.E.). In mythological and historical texts, Zahhak had two features, one as a demon and the other as an oppressive and cruel human. This dualism is the focus of this analysis of the cultural myths and beliefs of the Aryan people. The study provides an interpretation of unique carvings discovered in Tajikistan that represent the battles of Aryans with both of Zahhak’s features in a series of stories. In these illustrations, Zahhak with his dual character tries to destroy the Aryans’ religious unity and beliefs. He was resisted through Aryan unity buttressed by their belief system. The gods Mithra and Soroush and the mythical birds the phoenix or rooster were believed to support and protect the Aryans.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Zahhak’s Dual Character in Mythology, History, and Archeological Findings in Iran and Tajikistan","authors":"Mahin Ahbabi","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1317529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317529","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comparative study of the mythological narratives of Zahhak in Persian literary works and the only surviving archeological illustrations of Zahhak before the advent of Islam, in Panjeh Kent [Panjakent] Tajikistan (500–600 C.E.). In mythological and historical texts, Zahhak had two features, one as a demon and the other as an oppressive and cruel human. This dualism is the focus of this analysis of the cultural myths and beliefs of the Aryan people. The study provides an interpretation of unique carvings discovered in Tajikistan that represent the battles of Aryans with both of Zahhak’s features in a series of stories. In these illustrations, Zahhak with his dual character tries to destroy the Aryans’ religious unity and beliefs. He was resisted through Aryan unity buttressed by their belief system. The gods Mithra and Soroush and the mythical birds the phoenix or rooster were believed to support and protect the Aryans.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1317558
S. Murgabayev, M. Bakhtybayev, S. Joldasbayev, Kopjasar M. Jetibayev, Lazzat Jumagulovna Maldybekova, K. Arynov
The article examines results of research conducted at the Bağanalı Bronze Age burial site in the 2015 field season by the Qaratau section of the Scientific-Research Center of Archeology of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University. New data on Bronze Age cultures of the southern regions of Kazakhstan were obtained. Characteristic features of the burial ritual, of burial format, and of design elements of implements were analyzed. The authors show that the Bağanalı burial site was left by an ancient population that had formed under the influence of bearers of various Andronovo cultural traditions. Ancient interconnections among populations of northern, central, and western Kazakhstan and the area along the Ural River [Priural’ia] can be discerned in this memorial site.
{"title":"Archeological Research at the Bağanalı Bronze Age Burial Site","authors":"S. Murgabayev, M. Bakhtybayev, S. Joldasbayev, Kopjasar M. Jetibayev, Lazzat Jumagulovna Maldybekova, K. Arynov","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1317558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317558","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines results of research conducted at the Bağanalı Bronze Age burial site in the 2015 field season by the Qaratau section of the Scientific-Research Center of Archeology of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University. New data on Bronze Age cultures of the southern regions of Kazakhstan were obtained. Characteristic features of the burial ritual, of burial format, and of design elements of implements were analyzed. The authors show that the Bağanalı burial site was left by an ancient population that had formed under the influence of bearers of various Andronovo cultural traditions. Ancient interconnections among populations of northern, central, and western Kazakhstan and the area along the Ural River [Priural’ia] can be discerned in this memorial site.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-01DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1317534
R. Bravina, V. M. D’iakonov, A. Bagashev, D. Razhev, O. Poshekhonova, S. Slepchenko, E. A. Alekseeva, I. Kuz’min, G. Hodgins
The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first practicing livestock herding in the vast territories of what is today the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Recent dating techniques combined with new discoveries have made possible multidisciplinary research on Sakha origins.
{"title":"Early Yakut Burials of the Fourteenth–Seventeenth Centuries","authors":"R. Bravina, V. M. D’iakonov, A. Bagashev, D. Razhev, O. Poshekhonova, S. Slepchenko, E. A. Alekseeva, I. Kuz’min, G. Hodgins","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1317534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317534","url":null,"abstract":"The Kulun-Atakh archeological culture of the Sakha [Yakut] people is described on the basis of burials dated to the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. This is a period before the arrival of Cossacks, when the Sakha were first practicing livestock herding in the vast territories of what is today the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Recent dating techniques combined with new discoveries have made possible multidisciplinary research on Sakha origins.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1317534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1302201
L. A. Popova
The dynamics of the birthrate in Russia and the Komi Republic in the 2000s are revealed. Changes in the structure of natality based on the mother’s age, birth order, and marital status are identified. Questions of family planning, abortion rates, neonatal health, and infant mortality are examined. Positive trends in increased birth rates are documented, even in conditions of the declining age structure of women of fertile age. This is in part due to children that were earlier postponed by senior generations, raising the number of children in families. The role of demographic policy in raising the intensity of natality and the level of the reproductive intentions of the population is assessed. Directions for its improvement are suggested.
{"title":"Changing Trends in Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of the Birthrate in Russia and the Komi Republic","authors":"L. A. Popova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1302201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1302201","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of the birthrate in Russia and the Komi Republic in the 2000s are revealed. Changes in the structure of natality based on the mother’s age, birth order, and marital status are identified. Questions of family planning, abortion rates, neonatal health, and infant mortality are examined. Positive trends in increased birth rates are documented, even in conditions of the declining age structure of women of fertile age. This is in part due to children that were earlier postponed by senior generations, raising the number of children in families. The role of demographic policy in raising the intensity of natality and the level of the reproductive intentions of the population is assessed. Directions for its improvement are suggested.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1302201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1302200
A. Taskuzhina, Aigul M. Balzhanova, Tolkyn A. Erisheva, O. Issenov, A. Anasova, Zamzagul B. Shakhaman
The article reviews the polyethnic population structure of northeast and western Kazakhstan in the eighteenth century to the 1860s. Some key factors influenced the formation processes of the population: Dzhungar and Bashkir attacks on Kazakh camping grounds; joining of Junior, Middle and Senior zhuz [ranked tribal groups] into the Russian Empire; colonial policy of the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan; and Russia’s emigre policy to Kazakhstan in the second half of the nineteenth–early twentieth centuries. Major relevant aspects of population formation are analyzed from the perspective of state interests concerning territorial integrity, security and enhanced stability. Objective information on ethnodemographic processes can help promote formation of self-identification for people as citizens of the state.
{"title":"Polyethnic Population Structure of Northeast and West Kazakhstan in the Eighteenth Century to the 1860s","authors":"A. Taskuzhina, Aigul M. Balzhanova, Tolkyn A. Erisheva, O. Issenov, A. Anasova, Zamzagul B. Shakhaman","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1302200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1302200","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the polyethnic population structure of northeast and western Kazakhstan in the eighteenth century to the 1860s. Some key factors influenced the formation processes of the population: Dzhungar and Bashkir attacks on Kazakh camping grounds; joining of Junior, Middle and Senior zhuz [ranked tribal groups] into the Russian Empire; colonial policy of the Russian Empire in Kazakhstan; and Russia’s emigre policy to Kazakhstan in the second half of the nineteenth–early twentieth centuries. Major relevant aspects of population formation are analyzed from the perspective of state interests concerning territorial integrity, security and enhanced stability. Objective information on ethnodemographic processes can help promote formation of self-identification for people as citizens of the state.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1302200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1302203
Svetlana A. Suknëva, A. S. Barashkova
The article examines questions of the family and its role and place in the system of life values in northern regions, where familial traditions have been preserved. Results of six demographic-sociological studies conducted in 1993–2011 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. A broad spectrum of opinions about the value and significance of family is revealed. Three main groupings of life values established their relevance for the preservation of familial traditions. Differing views are explained concerning competition among familial, societal-labor and personal orientations as functions of the age and marital and social status of study participants. Family retains its significance in the life of northerners, given their clear child-centric priorities. The relevance for survey participants of material well-being and acceptable modern housing is understood by the authors as a base condition for the life-sustenance of families, and in such a context is not a competitor to family as a fundamental life value for northerners.
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Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1307018
B. Abzhet, Zhuldyz Zhumashova
This article describes beliefs, rites, customs, and traditions of the Kazakh people concerning childbirth. The significance of prophetic dreams associated with childbirth, pilgrimages to holy places to receive beneficent signs, ceremonial placing of the infant in the cradle [besik], and cutting of “constraints” at a child’s first steps is examined. These folk traditions are manifest widely in Kazakh epics. In addition, genesis of ancient beliefs that have been preserved in Kazakh myths and tales is discussed.
{"title":"Childbirth Traditions and Customs of the Kazakh People","authors":"B. Abzhet, Zhuldyz Zhumashova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2016.1307018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2016.1307018","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes beliefs, rites, customs, and traditions of the Kazakh people concerning childbirth. The significance of prophetic dreams associated with childbirth, pilgrimages to holy places to receive beneficent signs, ceremonial placing of the infant in the cradle [besik], and cutting of “constraints” at a child’s first steps is examined. These folk traditions are manifest widely in Kazakh epics. In addition, genesis of ancient beliefs that have been preserved in Kazakh myths and tales is discussed.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2016.1307018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59599726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2016.1263485
O. Dobzhanskaya
The article examines musical sound as a worldview category connected with rituals, traditional beliefs, concepts, and life styles of the indigenous, numerically small peoples of Arctic Eurasia. The discussion is based primarily on materials from the author’s field research, begun on the Taimyr Peninsula in the 1980s. This study of the sound culture of Samodeic [Samoyedic] peoples incorporates works of ethnographers and art historians, as well as northern studies researchers from other disciplines.
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