The detection of inside surface of the hollow reactor uses the industrial fiber endoscope mostly. In order to obtain the large view angle, industrial endoscope generally uses the ultra wide fisheye lenses, which have the larger image distortion, and the smaller depth focus. Industrial endoscope uses optical look system. It is inconvenience for the observer. Even if use the TV image transmission system, it is also hard to get high quality images for the limit of like a bouquet of processing by preaching. The hollow reactor inside surface rapidly detection system based on the photoelectric detecting technique is composed by optical detection system, control system, the transmission system, image transmission system, image acquisition, display and data processing system. It can detect four holes and eight surface at the same time, and the testing time only 50-60 seconds. It can save the real condition of the inside surface of hollow reactor in the form of the bitmap. It can screen the bitmap stored according to the set of parameters, find out the problem bitmaps and supply for the techniques to identify and confirm.
{"title":"Research on inside surface of hollow reactor based on photoelectric detecting technique","authors":"Guicai Song, Y. Na, Wen-zong Shi, Q. Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.900296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900296","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of inside surface of the hollow reactor uses the industrial fiber endoscope mostly. In order to obtain the large view angle, industrial endoscope generally uses the ultra wide fisheye lenses, which have the larger image distortion, and the smaller depth focus. Industrial endoscope uses optical look system. It is inconvenience for the observer. Even if use the TV image transmission system, it is also hard to get high quality images for the limit of like a bouquet of processing by preaching. The hollow reactor inside surface rapidly detection system based on the photoelectric detecting technique is composed by optical detection system, control system, the transmission system, image transmission system, image acquisition, display and data processing system. It can detect four holes and eight surface at the same time, and the testing time only 50-60 seconds. It can save the real condition of the inside surface of hollow reactor in the form of the bitmap. It can screen the bitmap stored according to the set of parameters, find out the problem bitmaps and supply for the techniques to identify and confirm.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a novel x-ray imaging system was introduced. It was a CCD based system, but different from the traditional CCD based x-ray imaging system, which was composed of the x-ray intensifying screen, the CCD and the low light level image intensifier, specially using the zoom lens for coupling. Zoom lens can give a continuous variable visual field, which not only reduce the geometrical blur but also can produce several image pairs for stereo imaging. It is convenient for three dimension information extraction from a group of two dimension x-ray images and is valuable for stereovision radiography in the application of medical diagnosis, security checking, non-destructive testing, and industry detection. This stereo imaging method is also referential for the three dimension reconstruction daily living.
{"title":"3D information extraction based on a novel x ray imaging system","authors":"Chunyu Yu, Lingli Kong, Junju Zhang, Shengdong Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.900743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900743","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel x-ray imaging system was introduced. It was a CCD based system, but different from the traditional CCD based x-ray imaging system, which was composed of the x-ray intensifying screen, the CCD and the low light level image intensifier, specially using the zoom lens for coupling. Zoom lens can give a continuous variable visual field, which not only reduce the geometrical blur but also can produce several image pairs for stereo imaging. It is convenient for three dimension information extraction from a group of two dimension x-ray images and is valuable for stereovision radiography in the application of medical diagnosis, security checking, non-destructive testing, and industry detection. This stereo imaging method is also referential for the three dimension reconstruction daily living.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyang Wang, J. Bogaerts, W. Ogiers, G. Beeckman, G. Meynants
In this paper, we address the issues of designing a CMOS image sensor for space applications. The performance of a 4T pinned photodiode pixel under irradiation is shown and an example of a CMOS image sensor designed for sun tracking is given. It has been shown that the radiation tolerance level of the pixel is improved by using more advanced pixel architecture and more advanced fabrication process. Special measures are required in the sensor design to increases the sensor immunity on single event upset and latch-up.
{"title":"Design and characterization of radiation tolerant CMOS image sensor for space applications","authors":"Xinyang Wang, J. Bogaerts, W. Ogiers, G. Beeckman, G. Meynants","doi":"10.1117/12.900781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900781","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the issues of designing a CMOS image sensor for space applications. The performance of a 4T pinned photodiode pixel under irradiation is shown and an example of a CMOS image sensor designed for sun tracking is given. It has been shown that the radiation tolerance level of the pixel is improved by using more advanced pixel architecture and more advanced fabrication process. Special measures are required in the sensor design to increases the sensor immunity on single event upset and latch-up.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114069506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a real-time pipeline centroid calculating structure based on programmable logic devices is designed for Hartmann wavefront sensor with horizontal multi-channel pixel output. The pipeline consists of modularized cells including multiplier groups, accumulation cells, dividers and corresponding control units. The structure is specially designed to deal with simultaneously output pixels which belong to two adjacent subapertures as well as those pixels belong to the same subaperture. When the number of output channels is 8 and pixels output at 80MHz clock frequency, centroid calculation latency in simulation is less than 0.5μs.
{"title":"Pipeline structure for real-time centroid calculation of Hartmann wavefront sensor with horizontal multi-channel pixel output","authors":"Shaobai Wang, Chunhong Wang, C. Rao","doi":"10.1117/12.899034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.899034","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a real-time pipeline centroid calculating structure based on programmable logic devices is designed for Hartmann wavefront sensor with horizontal multi-channel pixel output. The pipeline consists of modularized cells including multiplier groups, accumulation cells, dividers and corresponding control units. The structure is specially designed to deal with simultaneously output pixels which belong to two adjacent subapertures as well as those pixels belong to the same subaperture. When the number of output channels is 8 and pixels output at 80MHz clock frequency, centroid calculation latency in simulation is less than 0.5μs.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126570524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boneng Tan, N. Liao, Yusheng Lian, Li-xun Tian, Wenmin Wu
In this paper, we put forward a new method of multiple exposures high dynamic range color imaging with a RGB camera based on a piecewise color characterization model. The construction of the piecewise color characterization model, and the method of images capturing, the color tone mapping and the images combination based on this piecewise color characterization model were introduced. By using an ordinary color camera NikonD70s, we demonstrate our new method can obtain desired high dynamic range images with standard color information.
{"title":"High dynamic range color imaging with a camera based on piecewise color characterization","authors":"Boneng Tan, N. Liao, Yusheng Lian, Li-xun Tian, Wenmin Wu","doi":"10.1117/12.899462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.899462","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we put forward a new method of multiple exposures high dynamic range color imaging with a RGB camera based on a piecewise color characterization model. The construction of the piecewise color characterization model, and the method of images capturing, the color tone mapping and the images combination based on this piecewise color characterization model were introduced. By using an ordinary color camera NikonD70s, we demonstrate our new method can obtain desired high dynamic range images with standard color information.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131980559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joule-Thomson coolers have been widely used in infrared detectors with respect to compact, light and low cost. For self-regulating Joule-Thomson cooler, its performance is required to be improved with the development of higher mass and larger diameter of focal plane infrared detectors. Self-regulating Joule-Thomson coolers use a limited supply of high pressure gas to support the cooling of infrared detectors. In order to develop Joule-Thomson coolers with a given volume of stored gas, it is important to study on fluid flow and heat transfer of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with infrared detectors, especially the starting time of Joule-Thomson coolers. A serial of experiments of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with 128×128 focal plane infrared detectors have been carried out. The exchanger of coolers are made of a d=0.5mm capillary finned with a copper wire. The coolers are self-regulated by bellows and the diameters are about 8mm. Nitrogen is used as working gas. The effect of pressure of working gas has been studied. The relation between starting time and pressure of working gas is proved to fit exponential decay. Error analysis has also been carried. It is crucial to study the performance of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with infrared detectors. Deeper research on Joule-Thomson coolers will be carried on to improve the Joule-Thomson coolers for infrared detectors.
{"title":"Fluid flow and heat transfer in Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with infrared detectors","authors":"B. Du, Weimin Jia","doi":"10.1117/12.902689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902689","url":null,"abstract":"Joule-Thomson coolers have been widely used in infrared detectors with respect to compact, light and low cost. For self-regulating Joule-Thomson cooler, its performance is required to be improved with the development of higher mass and larger diameter of focal plane infrared detectors. Self-regulating Joule-Thomson coolers use a limited supply of high pressure gas to support the cooling of infrared detectors. In order to develop Joule-Thomson coolers with a given volume of stored gas, it is important to study on fluid flow and heat transfer of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with infrared detectors, especially the starting time of Joule-Thomson coolers. A serial of experiments of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with 128×128 focal plane infrared detectors have been carried out. The exchanger of coolers are made of a d=0.5mm capillary finned with a copper wire. The coolers are self-regulated by bellows and the diameters are about 8mm. Nitrogen is used as working gas. The effect of pressure of working gas has been studied. The relation between starting time and pressure of working gas is proved to fit exponential decay. Error analysis has also been carried. It is crucial to study the performance of Joule-Thomson coolers coupled with infrared detectors. Deeper research on Joule-Thomson coolers will be carried on to improve the Joule-Thomson coolers for infrared detectors.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123022867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoom imaging systems have the tendencies of miniaturization or complication so the traditional glass / plastic lenses can't meet the needs. Therefore, a new method, liquid lens is put forward which realizes zoom by changing the shape of liquid surface. liquid zoom lenses have many merits such as smaller volume, lighter weight, controlled zoom, faster response, higher transmission, lower energy consumption and so on. Liquid zoom lenses have wide applications in mobile phones, digital cameras and other small imaging system. The electrowetting phenomenon was reviewed firstly and then the influence of the exerted voltage to the contact angle was analysed in electrowetting effect. At last, the surface free energy of cone-type double liquid zoom lens was researched via the energy minimization principle. The research of surface free energy offers important theoretic dependence for designing liquid zoom lens.
{"title":"Research on surface free energy of electrowetting liquid zoom lens","authors":"Cunhua Zhao, Gaoqi Lu, Daling Wei, Xinhua Hong, Dongqing Cui, Changliu Gao","doi":"10.1117/12.900142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900142","url":null,"abstract":"Zoom imaging systems have the tendencies of miniaturization or complication so the traditional glass / plastic lenses can't meet the needs. Therefore, a new method, liquid lens is put forward which realizes zoom by changing the shape of liquid surface. liquid zoom lenses have many merits such as smaller volume, lighter weight, controlled zoom, faster response, higher transmission, lower energy consumption and so on. Liquid zoom lenses have wide applications in mobile phones, digital cameras and other small imaging system. The electrowetting phenomenon was reviewed firstly and then the influence of the exerted voltage to the contact angle was analysed in electrowetting effect. At last, the surface free energy of cone-type double liquid zoom lens was researched via the energy minimization principle. The research of surface free energy offers important theoretic dependence for designing liquid zoom lens.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115593418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Feng, Zhaohui Wang, D. Kuang, Zonghua Zhang, Sixiang Zhang
This paper presents a method to simultaneously get 3D hand and palmprint information by projecting composite color fringe patterns. The existing researches mainly focus on 2D biological features, and the extracted features from 2D image are distorted by pressure or lose the third dimensional information. But 3D features with non-contact operation can obtain the characteristic distribution patterns without distortion, and simultaneously obtain real hand morphology and the global properties of hand and palmprint. A prototype 3D imaging system is designed to capture and process the composite color fringe patterns on the hand surface. The hardware configuration comprises a DLP (digital light processing) projector, a color CCD camera with fireware port and a personal computer (PC). In order to fast acquire 3D accurate shape data, sinusoidal and binary fringe patterns are coded into red, green and blue channels to generate composite color fringe pattern images. The DLP projector projects composite RGB fringe patterns onto the surface of human hands. From another viewpoint, the CCD camera captures the images and saves them into the computer for postprocessing. Wrapped phase information can be calculated from the sinusoidal fringe patterns with high precision. While the absolute fringe order of each sinusoidal fringe pattern is determined by the binary fringe pattern sequences. The absolute phase map of each pixel can be calculated by combining the obtained wrapped phase and the absolute fringe order. Some experimental results on human hands show that the proposed method correctly obtains the absolute phase (shape) data of hand and palmprint.
{"title":"3D hand and palmprint acquisition using full-field composite color fringe projection","authors":"Hui Feng, Zhaohui Wang, D. Kuang, Zonghua Zhang, Sixiang Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.900538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900538","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to simultaneously get 3D hand and palmprint information by projecting composite color fringe patterns. The existing researches mainly focus on 2D biological features, and the extracted features from 2D image are distorted by pressure or lose the third dimensional information. But 3D features with non-contact operation can obtain the characteristic distribution patterns without distortion, and simultaneously obtain real hand morphology and the global properties of hand and palmprint. A prototype 3D imaging system is designed to capture and process the composite color fringe patterns on the hand surface. The hardware configuration comprises a DLP (digital light processing) projector, a color CCD camera with fireware port and a personal computer (PC). In order to fast acquire 3D accurate shape data, sinusoidal and binary fringe patterns are coded into red, green and blue channels to generate composite color fringe pattern images. The DLP projector projects composite RGB fringe patterns onto the surface of human hands. From another viewpoint, the CCD camera captures the images and saves them into the computer for postprocessing. Wrapped phase information can be calculated from the sinusoidal fringe patterns with high precision. While the absolute fringe order of each sinusoidal fringe pattern is determined by the binary fringe pattern sequences. The absolute phase map of each pixel can be calculated by combining the obtained wrapped phase and the absolute fringe order. Some experimental results on human hands show that the proposed method correctly obtains the absolute phase (shape) data of hand and palmprint.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a high speed CMOS image sensor (CIS) with column-parallel single capacitor correlated double samplings (CDSs), programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs) and single-slope analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The single capacitor CDS circuit has only one capacitor so that the area CDS circuit is small. In order to attain appropriate image contrast under different light conditions, the signal range can be adjusted by PGA. Single-slope ADC has smaller chip area than others ADCs and is suitable for column-parallel CIS architectures. A prototype sensor of 256x256 pixels was realized in a 0.13μm 1P3M CIS process. Its pixel circuit is 4T active pixel sensor (APS) and pixel size is 10x10μm2. Total chip area is 4x4mm2. The prototype achieves the full frame rate in excess of 250 frames per second, the sensitivity of 10.7V/lx•s, the conversion gain of 55.6μV/e and the column-to- column fixed-pattern noise (FPN) 0.41%.
{"title":"A high-speed CMOS image sensor with column-parallel single capacitor CDSs and single-slope ADCs","authors":"Quanliang Li, Cong Shi, N. Wu","doi":"10.1117/12.901005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high speed CMOS image sensor (CIS) with column-parallel single capacitor correlated double samplings (CDSs), programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs) and single-slope analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The single capacitor CDS circuit has only one capacitor so that the area CDS circuit is small. In order to attain appropriate image contrast under different light conditions, the signal range can be adjusted by PGA. Single-slope ADC has smaller chip area than others ADCs and is suitable for column-parallel CIS architectures. A prototype sensor of 256x256 pixels was realized in a 0.13μm 1P3M CIS process. Its pixel circuit is 4T active pixel sensor (APS) and pixel size is 10x10μm2. Total chip area is 4x4mm2. The prototype achieves the full frame rate in excess of 250 frames per second, the sensitivity of 10.7V/lx•s, the conversion gain of 55.6μV/e and the column-to- column fixed-pattern noise (FPN) 0.41%.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116626080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The weak-light characteristics of the GaAs/InGaAs resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) quantum dot photoelectric sensor with the resonant coupling nature are presented. In order to explore its higher sensitive application because of higher quantum efficiency, a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) of the capacitor feedback transimpendance amplifier (CTIA) was designed to deal with voltage response of novel sensor. The readout circuit integration was designed to match 2x8 the array. A computer-aided system based on the stm32 microcontroller device for obtaining the readout parameters of novel photoelectric sensor was also developed. A 633nm laser beam shot to the window of sensor with radiation intensity 7nW, the readout response voltage was over 200mV and 7.14E +07V /W responsivity at 120K and 15.8μs integration time. Integrated with high reliability and precision of the software and hardware, the system could be applied to two-dimensional gray-scale display at real-time.
{"title":"Weak-light automatic readout collection and display on the resonant-cavity-enhanced quantum dot photoelectric sensor","authors":"F. M. Guo, H. You, W. Gu, D. Han, Z. Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.900956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.900956","url":null,"abstract":"The weak-light characteristics of the GaAs/InGaAs resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) quantum dot photoelectric sensor with the resonant coupling nature are presented. In order to explore its higher sensitive application because of higher quantum efficiency, a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) of the capacitor feedback transimpendance amplifier (CTIA) was designed to deal with voltage response of novel sensor. The readout circuit integration was designed to match 2x8 the array. A computer-aided system based on the stm32 microcontroller device for obtaining the readout parameters of novel photoelectric sensor was also developed. A 633nm laser beam shot to the window of sensor with radiation intensity 7nW, the readout response voltage was over 200mV and 7.14E +07V /W responsivity at 120K and 15.8μs integration time. Integrated with high reliability and precision of the software and hardware, the system could be applied to two-dimensional gray-scale display at real-time.","PeriodicalId":355017,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124689747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：