B. B. Nayak, S. Bharathi, M. S. Rekha, And K. Jayalalitha
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Gunter, Andhra Pradesh on Vertisols under rainfed conditions. To study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on compact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Leaf chlorophyll content was measured with the Soil Plant Analysis Development meter (SPAD 502 Plus Chlorophyll Meter) at different crop growth stages. Among the various crop geometry studied, maximum chlorophyll (SPAD index) content, functional leaves per square meter and leaf area index (LAI) were recorded with close crop geometry 60 cm × 10 cm. Among nitrogen levels application of 180 kg N/ha recorded maximum chlorophyll content, functional leaves per square meter and LAI. Combined effect on crop geometry and nitrogen levels on chlorophyll content was recorded significant with closer geometry 60cm x10cm along with an application of 180kg N ha-1 at 90 days after sowing. Dry matter accumulation (kg/ha) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest was significantly affected by crop geometry and levels of nitrogen but not by their interaction.
{"title":"Effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on leaf chlorophyll content of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at different growth stages under rainfed Vertisols","authors":"B. B. Nayak, S. Bharathi, M. S. Rekha, And K. Jayalalitha","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5494","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Lam, Gunter, Andhra Pradesh on Vertisols under rainfed conditions. To study the effect of crop geometry and nitrogen levels on compact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Leaf chlorophyll content was measured with the Soil Plant Analysis Development meter (SPAD 502 Plus Chlorophyll Meter) at different crop growth stages. Among the various crop geometry studied, maximum chlorophyll (SPAD index) content, functional leaves per square meter and leaf area index (LAI) were recorded with close crop geometry 60 cm × 10 cm. Among nitrogen levels application of 180 kg N/ha recorded maximum chlorophyll content, functional leaves per square meter and LAI. Combined effect on crop geometry and nitrogen levels on chlorophyll content was recorded significant with closer geometry 60cm x10cm along with an application of 180kg N ha-1 at 90 days after sowing. Dry matter accumulation (kg/ha) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS, 90 DAS and at harvest was significantly affected by crop geometry and levels of nitrogen but not by their interaction.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"350 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.
{"title":"Prediction of post-harvest soil nutrient status through multiple linear regression for targeted yield of hybrid maize","authors":"NIDHI LUTHRA, AJAYA SRIVASTAVA, U.P. SHAHI, VIJAY KANT SINGH, PRADEEP DEY, ANAND SINGH","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5471","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during 2017–18 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to develop post-harvest soil test values (PHSTVs) and response type of fertilizers with the help of fertilizer prescription equations for achieving targeted yield of hybrid maize following STCR principle. In the present study, the response of hybrid maize to selected four levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) at graded fertility levels was studied. Nutrient requirements (NR) of maize were recorded as 22, 5 and 27 kg/tonnes for N, P, and K, respectively. The contribution of NPK nutrients was observed; from fertilizer (%CF) at 58.2, 62.7, and 420.4%, from soil (%CS) at 33.1, 26.8, and 22.7%, from FYM (% C FYM) at 45.2, 14.4 and 39.4% and from fertilizer with FYM (% IPNM) as 62.4, 63.5 and 427.6%, respectively. Integration of N, P, and K fertilizers with FYM (10 t/ha) resulted in fertilizer savings of 31.2%, 18%, and 16% over NPK alone for a target yield of 4500 kg/ha on soil test values of 150, 35 and 200 kg/ha of KMnO4 -N, Olsen-P and NH4 OAc-K, respectively. The fertilizer response type for phosphorus was “+ - - “. The response of hybrid maize to NPK fertilizers was higher when integrated with FYM as compared to NPK alone. The prediction equations for PHSTVs help in predicting soil test values (STVs) which may save the cost of testing.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 83","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effects of different genotypes and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Six maize genotypes (‘AH 4271’, ‘DKC 9164’, ‘PJMH 1’, ‘PMH 13’, ‘PC 4’ and Pusa Vivek QPM 9’ Improved (PV QPM 9-I) and 7 levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg N/ ha) were evaluated using factorial randomized complete block design with two replications. Results showed that among the genotypes the ‘DKC 9164’ produced the highest kernel yield and resulted in maximum net returns (` 78.0 and 82.8 × 103 /ha) as compared to other genotypes. The growth parameters and yield increased with the increasing level of nitrogen from 0 to 240 kg/ha. Application of nitrogen @240 kg N/ha produced the maximum plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area index and stover as well as biological yield, whereas the maximum kernel yield and net returns (` 91.1 & 97.2 × 103 /ha) were obtained with 200 kg N/ha which was at par with 160 kg N/ha
{"title":"Evaluation of maize (Zea mays) genotypes under different nitrogen levels in a Trans-Gangetic Plains region","authors":"SHANTI DEVI BAMBORIYA, SHIVA DHAR, PRAVEEN KUMAR UPADHYAY, ANCHAL DASS, RAJENDRA PRASAD MEENA, KAMAL GARG","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5456","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effects of different genotypes and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Six maize genotypes (‘AH 4271’, ‘DKC 9164’, ‘PJMH 1’, ‘PMH 13’, ‘PC 4’ and Pusa Vivek QPM 9’ Improved (PV QPM 9-I) and 7 levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg N/ ha) were evaluated using factorial randomized complete block design with two replications. Results showed that among the genotypes the ‘DKC 9164’ produced the highest kernel yield and resulted in maximum net returns (` 78.0 and 82.8 × 103 /ha) as compared to other genotypes. The growth parameters and yield increased with the increasing level of nitrogen from 0 to 240 kg/ha. Application of nitrogen @240 kg N/ha produced the maximum plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area index and stover as well as biological yield, whereas the maximum kernel yield and net returns (` 91.1 & 97.2 × 103 /ha) were obtained with 200 kg N/ha which was at par with 160 kg N/ha\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during (kharif) summer season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of fourteen treatment combinations of conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients was laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the significant highest dry matter accumulation (1,205.90 g/m2 ) at harvest stage, leaf-area index (4.18), crop growth rate (16.34 g/m2 /day), relative growth rate (7.09 mg/g/day), grain yield (3.88 t/ha) and straw yield (6.64 t/ha) recorded in the 25% recommended N through dhaincha incorporated + 75% N through chemical fertilizer was found at par with RDF (120N : 60P : 50K) and 25% recommended N through vermicompost incorporated 10 days before transplanting + 75% N through chemical fertilizer and it was significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations. The substitution of 25% N through incorporated dhaincha at planting was found most promising in terms of productivity, profitability and performed better than other treatments and may be recommended for farmers of Uttar Pradesh and similar agro-eco regions.
{"title":"Effect of conjoint application schedules of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and economics of rice","authors":"SHAKTI OM PATHAK, B.P. DHYANI, NIDHI LUTHRA, U.P. SHAHI, GAURAV SHUKLA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5453","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during (kharif) summer season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of fourteen treatment combinations of conjoint application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients was laid-out in randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the significant highest dry matter accumulation (1,205.90 g/m2 ) at harvest stage, leaf-area index (4.18), crop growth rate (16.34 g/m2 /day), relative growth rate (7.09 mg/g/day), grain yield (3.88 t/ha) and straw yield (6.64 t/ha) recorded in the 25% recommended N through dhaincha incorporated + 75% N through chemical fertilizer was found at par with RDF (120N : 60P : 50K) and 25% recommended N through vermicompost incorporated 10 days before transplanting + 75% N through chemical fertilizer and it was significantly superior over rest of the treatment combinations. The substitution of 25% N through incorporated dhaincha at planting was found most promising in terms of productivity, profitability and performed better than other treatments and may be recommended for farmers of Uttar Pradesh and similar agro-eco regions.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, Uttar Pardesh, to evaluate the effect of graded doses of biochar and fertility levels with and without biofertilizer under partially reclaimed sodic soils on maize (Zea mays L.) performance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which with 3 replications. Experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. T1 , Control; T2 , 100% RDF 100 : 60 : 40 N, P2 O5 and K2 O; T3 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar; T4 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T5 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn; T6 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar; T7 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T8 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn. The study’s comparative analysis revealed the positive effects of applying biochar, optimal fertility levels, and biofertilizers on the yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize. Notably, treatment T8 showed significant improvements, with a 53% increase in cob length, 34% increase in cob girth, 83% increase in the number of grains per row, 138.4% increase in grain yield, and 134% increase in stover yield compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the successful impact of application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn in enhancing various aspects of maize growth and yield, surpassing the outcomes achieved with the control treatment and may be recommended for achieving high-quality maize production in partially reclaimed sodic soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and comparable agro-ecoregions.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize (Zea mays) under varying doses of biochar, fertility levels, and biofertilizer treatments","authors":"SAURABH KUMAR VERMA, SURESH KUMAR, ALOK KUMAR PANDEY","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5455","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at the research farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Ayodhya, Uttar Pardesh, to evaluate the effect of graded doses of biochar and fertility levels with and without biofertilizer under partially reclaimed sodic soils on maize (Zea mays L.) performance. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) which with 3 replications. Experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. T1 , Control; T2 , 100% RDF 100 : 60 : 40 N, P2 O5 and K2 O; T3 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar; T4 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T5 , 50% RDF + 2.5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn; T6 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar; T7 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer; T8 , 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn. The study’s comparative analysis revealed the positive effects of applying biochar, optimal fertility levels, and biofertilizers on the yield attributes and grain yield of kharif maize. Notably, treatment T8 showed significant improvements, with a 53% increase in cob length, 34% increase in cob girth, 83% increase in the number of grains per row, 138.4% increase in grain yield, and 134% increase in stover yield compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the successful impact of application of 100% RDF + 5 t/ha biochar + ZMB Biofertilizer + Zn in enhancing various aspects of maize growth and yield, surpassing the outcomes achieved with the control treatment and may be recommended for achieving high-quality maize production in partially reclaimed sodic soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh and comparable agro-ecoregions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.P. SAHU, ML KEWAT, A.K. JHA, V.K. CHOUDHARY, BADAL VERMA, JITENDRA PATIDAR, VIKASH SINGH, PRATIK SANODIYA
Chickpea is a major pulse crop which is grown and consumed by the Indian people. Due to poor weed competition ability of chickpea and very few weed management options, yield of chickpea is drastically reduced under vertisols. Therefore, the present study related to weed management and crop residues on weed incidence, yield attributing character and yield of chickpea was conducted at Research Farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP), India. A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design with 3 replications and 4 weed-management treatment in main-plot and four crop residues as sub-plot. The main plot treatments were pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 1 kg/ha as pre plant incorporation (PPI), hand weeding at 30 days after sowing (DAS), hand hoeing at 30 DAS and weedy check. Four crop residues mulch (CRM) were, wheat straw (WSM), paddy straw (PSM) and soybean haulm (SHM) each at 5 t/ha and control where no mulch material was applied. Results revealed that imposition of hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with least weeds with lesser weed biomass resulting in higher weed control efficiency (WCE). However, weedy check recorded maximum weed count and dry weight. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha recorded lower weed prevalence and weed dry weight. It was similar to hand hoeing done at 30 DAS. Among applied CRM, PSM recorded lower weed density and dry weight with higher WCE and soil moisture at 30 DAS and was superior over control plots. Hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with higher yield attributing traits viz, pods/plant, seed/pod and seed index resulted higher seed yield (1,604 and 1,731 kg/ha respectively in 2018–19 and 2019–20). It was at par with pendimethalin at 1 kg/ha. The lower yield attributes and yield was recorded in weedy check plots. Among CRM, spreading of PSM give more pods and seeds/pod with higher seed index resulted in higher seed yield (1515 and 1593 kg/ha in 2018–19 and 2019–20 respectively) over others. Thus, application of PSM at 5 t/ha with one hand weeding at 30 DAS or with pendimethalin can be suggested for significant weed control and higher seed yield in chickpea.
{"title":"Effect of crop residue and weed management on weed incidence, soil moisture and yield of chickpea","authors":"M.P. SAHU, ML KEWAT, A.K. JHA, V.K. CHOUDHARY, BADAL VERMA, JITENDRA PATIDAR, VIKASH SINGH, PRATIK SANODIYA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5463","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Chickpea is a major pulse crop which is grown and consumed by the Indian people. Due to poor weed competition ability of chickpea and very few weed management options, yield of chickpea is drastically reduced under vertisols. Therefore, the present study related to weed management and crop residues on weed incidence, yield attributing character and yield of chickpea was conducted at Research Farm of JNKVV, Jabalpur (MP), India. A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design with 3 replications and 4 weed-management treatment in main-plot and four crop residues as sub-plot. The main plot treatments were pendimethalin 38.7% CS at 1 kg/ha as pre plant incorporation (PPI), hand weeding at 30 days after sowing (DAS), hand hoeing at 30 DAS and weedy check. Four crop residues mulch (CRM) were, wheat straw (WSM), paddy straw (PSM) and soybean haulm (SHM) each at 5 t/ha and control where no mulch material was applied. Results revealed that imposition of hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with least weeds with lesser weed biomass resulting in higher weed control efficiency (WCE). However, weedy check recorded maximum weed count and dry weight. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha recorded lower weed prevalence and weed dry weight. It was similar to hand hoeing done at 30 DAS. Among applied CRM, PSM recorded lower weed density and dry weight with higher WCE and soil moisture at 30 DAS and was superior over control plots. Hand weeding at 30 DAS recorded with higher yield attributing traits viz, pods/plant, seed/pod and seed index resulted higher seed yield (1,604 and 1,731 kg/ha respectively in 2018–19 and 2019–20). It was at par with pendimethalin at 1 kg/ha. The lower yield attributes and yield was recorded in weedy check plots. Among CRM, spreading of PSM give more pods and seeds/pod with higher seed index resulted in higher seed yield (1515 and 1593 kg/ha in 2018–19 and 2019–20 respectively) over others. Thus, application of PSM at 5 t/ha with one hand weeding at 30 DAS or with pendimethalin can be suggested for significant weed control and higher seed yield in chickpea.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SANJIVANI KARKI, MRITYUNJAY GHOSH, BINOY CHETTRI, S. BANERJEE, T. BISWAS, P. BANDYOPADHYAY, S. GHOSH
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2021 at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, West Bengal, to study the response of 2 aromatic rice cultivars (‘Kalture’ and ‘Kalonunia’) under 4 organic nutrient management (cowdung manure @ 5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha, mustardcake @ 0.5 t/ha, and leaf mould @ 1 t/ha). ‘Kalonunia’ exhibited greater tiller production (435/m2 ), leaf-area index (3.08) and dry-matter accumulation (452 g/m2 ) at 63 days after planting (DAT), and ‘Kalture’ showed taller plants (137.1 cm) and lodging susceptibility (score 4.0) at maturity. ‘Kalonunia’ performed significantly better in terms of grain yield (3.32 t/ha), non-lodging habit, protein content (7.25%) and net income (`57,043/ha) than ‘Kalture’ cultivar. Although the application of vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha resulted in the maximum grain yield (3.22 t/ha) and nutrient uptake (44.6 kg N, 16.4 kg P and 39.0 kg K/ha), mustard-cake @ 0.5 t/ha could be an alternative option owing to near-maximum grain yield (3.11 t/ha) with high protein content (7.1%), medium aroma (score 1.7), maximum net income (`51,040/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.01) in hill zone of West Bengal.
{"title":"Effect of organic nutrient management on yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economics of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) in hill zone of West Bengal","authors":"SANJIVANI KARKI, MRITYUNJAY GHOSH, BINOY CHETTRI, S. BANERJEE, T. BISWAS, P. BANDYOPADHYAY, S. GHOSH","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5468","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2021 at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalimpong, West Bengal, to study the response of 2 aromatic rice cultivars (‘Kalture’ and ‘Kalonunia’) under 4 organic nutrient management (cowdung manure @ 5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha, mustardcake @ 0.5 t/ha, and leaf mould @ 1 t/ha). ‘Kalonunia’ exhibited greater tiller production (435/m2 ), leaf-area index (3.08) and dry-matter accumulation (452 g/m2 ) at 63 days after planting (DAT), and ‘Kalture’ showed taller plants (137.1 cm) and lodging susceptibility (score 4.0) at maturity. ‘Kalonunia’ performed significantly better in terms of grain yield (3.32 t/ha), non-lodging habit, protein content (7.25%) and net income (`57,043/ha) than ‘Kalture’ cultivar. Although the application of vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha resulted in the maximum grain yield (3.22 t/ha) and nutrient uptake (44.6 kg N, 16.4 kg P and 39.0 kg K/ha), mustard-cake @ 0.5 t/ha could be an alternative option owing to near-maximum grain yield (3.11 t/ha) with high protein content (7.1%), medium aroma (score 1.7), maximum net income (`51,040/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.01) in hill zone of West Bengal.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"402 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.
{"title":"Potential organic nutrient management practices for wheat (Triticum aestivum) in south-eastern Rajasthan","authors":"B.S. MEENA, GAJENDRA NAGAR, SUSHEELA KALWANIYA, R.K. YADAV","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5454","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 to 2021–22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan to develop natural and organic nutrient management technologies for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production to improve soil health and income security of the farmers. The experiment comprised of 8 treatments, viz. 100% N-FYM fb 10% cow urine (CU) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 50% N-FYM + 50% N-Vermicompost (VC) fb 10% vermiwash (VW) spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 100% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb 10% cow urine spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; 75% N-FYM + NPK consortia @1250 ml/ha as a soil application fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS; jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS; and ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS, in a randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. A critical examination of 5 years results revealed that significantly higher plant height (66.01 cm), tillers/plant (8.57), dry weight /meter row length (77.20 g), effective tillers/meter row length (80.60), ear length (8.93 cm), seeds/ear (44.90), test weight (41.90 g), seed yield (3756 kg/ha) and gross returns (`100,605/ha) of wheat were obtained under the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS over ghanjeevamrut @500 kg/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and jeevamrut @500 litre/ha at sowing, 25 and 50 DAS and on par with rest of treatments in pooled analysis. However, net returns (`63,020/ha) and B:C ratio (1.77) of wheat were obtained significantly higher under application of 75% N-FYM+ NPK consortia @1,250 ml/ha as a soil fb amritasanjeevani spray @10% at 25, 50 and 75 DAS. Result on soil health improvement revealed that significantly higher organic carbon (0.66%), available phosphorus, potassium, sulphur (63.94, 432.8 and 28.21 kg/ha, respectively) and available zinc (0.90 mg/kg) were recorded with the application of 50% N-FYM + 50% N-VC fb10% vermiwash spray at 25, 50 and 75 DAS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.
{"title":"Assessment of precise nutrient management through nutrient expert on productivity and profitability of zero-till maize","authors":"SEEMA SEPAT, BHAGYSHREE PHOGAT, R.S. BANA, DINESH KUMAR, S.L. MEENA","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2017 and 2018 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient-management options on yield, nutrient uptake, residual soil-fertility status, and enzymatic activities in maize (Zea mays L.). The zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (ZT + R) and conventional tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha (CT + R) enhanced the grain yield (6.2–17.0%) of maize compared to CT without residue (4.40 t/ha). High cost of cultivation was recorded in CT + R (44.8 × 103 `/ha), while high net returns were found in ZT + R (37.6 × 103 `/ha). In ZT + R, the addition of wheat residue enhanced N, P, and K uptake in grain by 19.41, 12.81 and 13.92%, respectively over CT. Available N (182 kg/ha), available P (13.8 kg/ha), and exchangeable K (318 kg/ha) were found highest with ZT + R. Nutrient expert system (NES) enhanced the grain yield (5.30 t/ha) and net returns (43.0 × 103 `/ha) compared to no application of nutrients (control) (3.35 t/ha and 17.9 × 103 `/ha) and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (4.70 t/ha and 34.8 × 103 `/ha). Higher activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) (25.9 TPF μg/g/h) and microbial biomass C (130 μg/g) were found with NES. An increase of 57.96–58.4% in N uptake was found with NES over RDF (80.0 kg/ha). The nutrient expert system (NES) and 125% of RDF left higher amount of residual N, P and K in soil than the control. Overall, nutrient expert system under zero-tillage with crop residue at 3.5 t/ha can increase the productivity and profitability in maize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus levels for groundnut under different land configuration in Afghanistan” was carried out at Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar Province, Afghanistan during spring season of 2020. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. The main-plot consised of land configurations, viz. ridge and furrow (RF), broad bed and furrow (BBF) and flatbed (FB), while the sub-plots comprised of phosphorus levels, viz. absolute control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. The results revealed that the plant growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (above ground and below ground) and number of branches/plant were maximum in BBF, followed by FB and minimum in RF. Adoption of BBF also recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,987 kg/ha) and harvest index (31.0). With respect to P levels, application of 60 kg P2O5 /ha produced significantly higher pod yield (3,363 kg/ha), biological yield (13,157 kg/ha) than other P2 O5 levels. Therefore, growing of groundnut on BBF with application of 60 kg P2 O5 / ha was found beneficial for achieving higher production and productivity under Afghanistan conditions.
{"title":"Optimization of phosphorus levels for enhancing groundnut productivity under different land configuration in semi-arid ecologies of Afghanistan","authors":"KHALILULLAH KHALEEQ, S.S. RATHORE, NAJIBULLAH HEMMAT, KAPILA SHEKHAWAT, SMRUTI RANJAN PADHAN, SUBASH BABU, R.K. SINGH","doi":"10.59797/ija.v68i4.5473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v68i4.5473","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus levels for groundnut under different land configuration in Afghanistan” was carried out at Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar Province, Afghanistan during spring season of 2020. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. The main-plot consised of land configurations, viz. ridge and furrow (RF), broad bed and furrow (BBF) and flatbed (FB), while the sub-plots comprised of phosphorus levels, viz. absolute control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. The results revealed that the plant growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (above ground and below ground) and number of branches/plant were maximum in BBF, followed by FB and minimum in RF. Adoption of BBF also recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,987 kg/ha) and harvest index (31.0). With respect to P levels, application of 60 kg P2O5 /ha produced significantly higher pod yield (3,363 kg/ha), biological yield (13,157 kg/ha) than other P2 O5 levels. Therefore, growing of groundnut on BBF with application of 60 kg P2 O5 / ha was found beneficial for achieving higher production and productivity under Afghanistan conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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