Kuldeep Kaur, K. K. Gill, Pritpal Singh, S. S. Sandhu
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of varied crop establishment methods and management practices on yield parameters of cultivars ‘PR 122’, ‘PR 126’ and ‘Pusa 44’ during kharif 2020 and 2021. The direct seeded rice (DSR) method exhibited greater plant height, dry matter production and effective tillers per square meter, while puddled transplanted rice (PTR) method showed advantages in panicle length, 1000 grain weight, sterility % age and grain yield. However, the difference in these yield attributing factors between the two establishment methods were found to be statistically non-significant. The PTR method had higher numbers of grains per panicle and harvest index, while straw yield was significantly higher in the DSR method. Plant height, dry matter production, effective tillers per meter square, sterility % age, and straw yield were highest in Pusa 44 while no. of grains per panicle and harvest index were the highest in PR 126. Among nitrogen levels, plant height, dry matter production, effective tillers per meter square, panicle length, no. of grains per panicle, sterility % age and straw yield were significantly higher with 125 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen while the harvest index was significantly higher in leaf colour chart treatment. Rice cultivation practices under DSR, cultivar PR 126 and nitrogen application according to LCC are the better outcomes as compared to other treatments.
{"title":"Crop establishment methods and management practices impact on rice yield parameters in central Punjab","authors":"Kuldeep Kaur, K. K. Gill, Pritpal Singh, S. S. Sandhu","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5496","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of varied crop establishment methods and management practices on yield parameters of cultivars ‘PR 122’, ‘PR 126’ and ‘Pusa 44’ during kharif 2020 and 2021. The direct seeded rice (DSR) method exhibited greater plant height, dry matter production and effective tillers per square meter, while puddled transplanted rice (PTR) method showed advantages in panicle length, 1000 grain weight, sterility % age and grain yield. However, the difference in these yield attributing factors between the two establishment methods were found to be statistically non-significant. The PTR method had higher numbers of grains per panicle and harvest index, while straw yield was significantly higher in the DSR method. Plant height, dry matter production, effective tillers per meter square, sterility % age, and straw yield were highest in Pusa 44 while no. of grains per panicle and harvest index were the highest in PR 126. Among nitrogen levels, plant height, dry matter production, effective tillers per meter square, panicle length, no. of grains per panicle, sterility % age and straw yield were significantly higher with 125 % of the recommended dose of nitrogen while the harvest index was significantly higher in leaf colour chart treatment. Rice cultivation practices under DSR, cultivar PR 126 and nitrogen application according to LCC are the better outcomes as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"46 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur to evaluate the effect of foliar NPK application and nutrient management practices on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Selected twelve treatments combinations of three nutrient levels, four timings of N application and 2 foliar sprays were tested in RBD with 3 replications. The soil of experimental field was Vertisol, being neutral (pH 7.04) in reaction, medium (0.45 %) in soil organic carbon, low in N (182 kg/ha), medium in P (16.2 kg/ha) and high in K (312 kg/ha) content. Results revealed that number of effective tillers, dry matter accumulation and yield attributing characters, viz. length of ear (cm), number of grains/ear, ear weight (g), grain yield (3.99 and 4.07 t/ha), harvest index, highest net return (` 50,350 and ` 56,694/ha) and B:C ratio (2.72 and 2.94) were significantly higher under the treatments 150% RDF (25% of N as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% tillering stage + 25% late jointing stage) + foliar spray of NPK (19:19:19) @ 5 g/l of water at 5 days after (DA) tillering and 5 DA late jointing stage as compared to others. It was at par with same fertilizer dose with or without one foliar spray at 5 days after late jointing stage during 2017–18 and 2018–19, respectively. Plots receiving 150% of recommended doses of fertilizers and two foliar sprays adjunct with 4 splits of N have accounted for higher available NPK status in the soil and elevated NPK built-up.
{"title":"Maximizing wheat (Triticum aestivum) productivity through variable nutrient management practices","authors":"Paramjeet Singh, S. Chitale, R. Lakpale","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5497","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur to evaluate the effect of foliar NPK application and nutrient management practices on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Selected twelve treatments combinations of three nutrient levels, four timings of N application and 2 foliar sprays were tested in RBD with 3 replications. The soil of experimental field was Vertisol, being neutral (pH 7.04) in reaction, medium (0.45 %) in soil organic carbon, low in N (182 kg/ha), medium in P (16.2 kg/ha) and high in K (312 kg/ha) content. Results revealed that number of effective tillers, dry matter accumulation and yield attributing characters, viz. length of ear (cm), number of grains/ear, ear weight (g), grain yield (3.99 and 4.07 t/ha), harvest index, highest net return (` 50,350 and ` 56,694/ha) and B:C ratio (2.72 and 2.94) were significantly higher under the treatments 150% RDF (25% of N as basal + 25% at CRI + 25% tillering stage + 25% late jointing stage) + foliar spray of NPK (19:19:19) @ 5 g/l of water at 5 days after (DA) tillering and 5 DA late jointing stage as compared to others. It was at par with same fertilizer dose with or without one foliar spray at 5 days after late jointing stage during 2017–18 and 2018–19, respectively. Plots receiving 150% of recommended doses of fertilizers and two foliar sprays adjunct with 4 splits of N have accounted for higher available NPK status in the soil and elevated NPK built-up.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"56 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sundar Anchra, M. K. Kaushik, J. Choudhary, Raghuvir Singh Meena, S. Dhayal, Ph.D. Scholar
An experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (factorial experiment) during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) to study the effect of P (30, 40 and 50 kg P2 O5 /ha), S (15, 20 and 25 kg S/ha) and zinc (control and foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 ) on yield nutrient content and nutrients uptake in lentil. Seed yield increased to a maximum of 9.35% following P application, 9.38% after S application and 4.71% after Zn application. Corresponding increase in haulm yield was 12.90%, 10.64% and 7.30% respectively. Application of P, S and Zn improved protein content in seed as well as in haulms and increasing application level of both P and S maintained the increasing trend in protein content. Application of P, S and Zn increased both the content and the uptake of N, P, K, S and Zn both in seeds and in haulms. In most instances these changes were statistically significant.
{"title":"Influence of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc levels on yield, quality and nutrients uptake of lentil (Lens culinaris) in sub-humid southern plain of Rajasthan","authors":"Sundar Anchra, M. K. Kaushik, J. Choudhary, Raghuvir Singh Meena, S. Dhayal, Ph.D. Scholar","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5508","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (factorial experiment) during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) to study the effect of P (30, 40 and 50 kg P2 O5 /ha), S (15, 20 and 25 kg S/ha) and zinc (control and foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 ) on yield nutrient content and nutrients uptake in lentil. Seed yield increased to a maximum of 9.35% following P application, 9.38% after S application and 4.71% after Zn application. Corresponding increase in haulm yield was 12.90%, 10.64% and 7.30% respectively. Application of P, S and Zn improved protein content in seed as well as in haulms and increasing application level of both P and S maintained the increasing trend in protein content. Application of P, S and Zn increased both the content and the uptake of N, P, K, S and Zn both in seeds and in haulms. In most instances these changes were statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"57 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakesh Prajapati, S. L. Meena, Dinesh Kumar, S. S. Rathore, Cini Varghese, Sasmita Tripathy, Deepak Kumar Meena, And Pooja, D. Meena
A field experiment was carried out during winter (rabi) season 2021–22 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute located at New Delhi to find out the effect of potassium management on yields, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard. Eight treatments combinations of different doses, methods and time of potassium application i.e. No K = 0 kg K/ha; 100% MOP (muriate of potash) as basal; 2 Foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 50% MOP as basal + 50% MOP as top dressing at branching; 50% MOP as basal + 2 foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 75% MOP as basal + 25% MOP as top dressing at branching; 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 at branching; 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering were tested. Grain (1.89 t/ha) and straw yields (6.74 t/ha), harvest index (21.88%) and NPK uptake (93.9, 18.5 and 113.3 kg/ha) were significantly higher under 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of 2.5% KNO3 before flowering. However, the treatment i.e. 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering remained significantly at par with 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 at branching and 75% MOP as basal + 25% MOP as top dressing at branching in yield and profitability term. Enhanced net returns amounting to 65,873/ha and a benefit: cost ratio of 1.86 were recorded on the application of 75% MOP as basal fertilizer combined with a single foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering. This remained comparable to most treatments, except the control, 100% MOP applied as basal, the method involving two foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering, 50% MOP as basal combined with 50% MOP as top dressing at branching, and the approach combining 50% MOP as basal with 2 foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering.
{"title":"Yield, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) as affected by split and foliar application of potassium","authors":"Rakesh Prajapati, S. L. Meena, Dinesh Kumar, S. S. Rathore, Cini Varghese, Sasmita Tripathy, Deepak Kumar Meena, And Pooja, D. Meena","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5512","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during winter (rabi) season 2021–22 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute located at New Delhi to find out the effect of potassium management on yields, nutrient uptake and economics of Indian mustard. Eight treatments combinations of different doses, methods and time of potassium application i.e. No K = 0 kg K/ha; 100% MOP (muriate of potash) as basal; 2 Foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 50% MOP as basal + 50% MOP as top dressing at branching; 50% MOP as basal + 2 foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering; 75% MOP as basal + 25% MOP as top dressing at branching; 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 at branching; 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering were tested. Grain (1.89 t/ha) and straw yields (6.74 t/ha), harvest index (21.88%) and NPK uptake (93.9, 18.5 and 113.3 kg/ha) were significantly higher under 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of 2.5% KNO3 before flowering. However, the treatment i.e. 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering remained significantly at par with 75% MOP as basal + one foliar spray of KNO3 at branching and 75% MOP as basal + 25% MOP as top dressing at branching in yield and profitability term. Enhanced net returns amounting to 65,873/ha and a benefit: cost ratio of 1.86 were recorded on the application of 75% MOP as basal fertilizer combined with a single foliar spray of KNO3 before flowering. This remained comparable to most treatments, except the control, 100% MOP applied as basal, the method involving two foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering, 50% MOP as basal combined with 50% MOP as top dressing at branching, and the approach combining 50% MOP as basal with 2 foliar sprays of KNO3 at branching and before flowering.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Manu, Y. Singh, Y. Shivay, K. Shekhawat, M. Elakkya, H. S. Gouda
A field experiment was carried out during rainy and winter seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of crop establishment methods and microbial consortia (Pusa decomposer) mediated in-situ rice straw management options on yield, economics and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa L) (cv. Pusa Basmati 1509) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (cv. HD 2967). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two treatments viz., aerobic rice (AR) and conventional transplanted (CT) rice in wet season and seven sub-plot treatments viz. clean cultivation (removal of paddy straw), paddy straw incorporation (PSI), paddy straw mulching (PSM), PSI + Pusa decomposer (PD), PSM + PD, PSI + urea @ 20 kg/ha, PSI + PD + urea @ 10 kg/ha in dry season. In rice, results showed that grain yield (4.23 and 4.42 t/ha), net return (`69,470 and `71,682/ha) and energy output (157361 and 160950 MJ/ha) were significantly superior in CT rice than AR in main plots during both the years of experiment. However, sub-plot treatments showed a non-significant difference on these parameters. In wheat, among in-situ rice straw management options, paddy straw incorporation+ Pusa decomposer + urea @ 10 kg/ha treatment significantly resulted in higher grain yield (4.86 and 4.92 t/ha), net return (`62697 and `64801 /ha) and energy output (174951 and 176730 MJ/ha) compared to other treatments and control (clean cultivation). However, in main plots, statistically similar results were obtained with AR-wheat and CT-wheat. Thus, conventional rice transplanting resulted in significantly higher productivity and profitability over aerobic rice, however, AR consumed less energy (18.95%) and water (31.73%). Whereas, paddy straw incorporation+ Pusa decomposer + Urea @ 10 kg/ha was found effective in-situ rice management options with higher productivity and energy output compared to control.
{"title":"Influence of microbial consortia mediated in-situ rice straw management options on yield, economics and energetics in rice-wheat cropping system","authors":"S. M. Manu, Y. Singh, Y. Shivay, K. Shekhawat, M. Elakkya, H. S. Gouda","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5495","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during rainy and winter seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of crop establishment methods and microbial consortia (Pusa decomposer) mediated in-situ rice straw management options on yield, economics and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa L) (cv. Pusa Basmati 1509) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (cv. HD 2967). The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two treatments viz., aerobic rice (AR) and conventional transplanted (CT) rice in wet season and seven sub-plot treatments viz. clean cultivation (removal of paddy straw), paddy straw incorporation (PSI), paddy straw mulching (PSM), PSI + Pusa decomposer (PD), PSM + PD, PSI + urea @ 20 kg/ha, PSI + PD + urea @ 10 kg/ha in dry season. In rice, results showed that grain yield (4.23 and 4.42 t/ha), net return (`69,470 and `71,682/ha) and energy output (157361 and 160950 MJ/ha) were significantly superior in CT rice than AR in main plots during both the years of experiment. However, sub-plot treatments showed a non-significant difference on these parameters. In wheat, among in-situ rice straw management options, paddy straw incorporation+ Pusa decomposer + urea @ 10 kg/ha treatment significantly resulted in higher grain yield (4.86 and 4.92 t/ha), net return (`62697 and `64801 /ha) and energy output (174951 and 176730 MJ/ha) compared to other treatments and control (clean cultivation). However, in main plots, statistically similar results were obtained with AR-wheat and CT-wheat. Thus, conventional rice transplanting resulted in significantly higher productivity and profitability over aerobic rice, however, AR consumed less energy (18.95%) and water (31.73%). Whereas, paddy straw incorporation+ Pusa decomposer + Urea @ 10 kg/ha was found effective in-situ rice management options with higher productivity and energy output compared to control.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"43 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bharat Prakash Meena, A. K. Biswas, R. H. Wanajri, R. S. Chaudhary
A long-term field study was conducted to evaluate integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system in maizechickpea cropping sequence. In this study, twelve IPNS modules of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertilizers, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), urban compost (UC), maize residue (MR) and Gliricidia loppings (GL) were investigated. Results indicated that plant height, dry biomass, yield parameters (cob length and girth, grains/cob and 1000-grains weight) and yields (grain and stover) of maize significantly (p=0.05) improved with IPNS module (75% NPK +5 t FYM) and increased 31.8 and 23.8% grain yield over the RDF and 100% NPK of STCR, respectively. In chickpea, the higher plant height, dry biomass, pods/ plant and yields (grain and straw) were obtained with the residual fertility of FYM @ 25 t/ha every year and followed by IPNS module (75%NPK +5 t FYM). However, residual fertility of PM and UC based IPNS modules also considerably improved the crop growth and yields of chickpea. Substantially higher system productivity was also noticed with 75% NPK +5 t FYM and followed 75% NPK +1 t PM based IPNS modules which was 1.86 and 0.99 t/ ha higher than RDF. A positive nutrient balance was recorded with addition of higher level FYM only (25 t/ha) Whereas, a negative nutrient balance was noticed for N and K in all plots excluding higher level of organic manures. However, there has been substantial build-up of N, P and K in plots receiving 25 t FYM every year. The additional supply of nutrients (organic + inorganic) is crucial for positive nutrients balance. Thus, STCR based fertilizers (75% NPK) along 25% nutrients through organic manures (FYM and PM) sustained the crop yield while the addition of FYM (25 t/ha) is essential for a positive balance of nutrients in the soil.
{"title":"Integrated plant nutrient supply modules for enhancing crop growth, productivity and nutrient balance in maize - chickpea cropping sequence","authors":"Bharat Prakash Meena, A. K. Biswas, R. H. Wanajri, R. S. Chaudhary","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5500","url":null,"abstract":"A long-term field study was conducted to evaluate integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) system in maizechickpea cropping sequence. In this study, twelve IPNS modules of Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based fertilizers, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), urban compost (UC), maize residue (MR) and Gliricidia loppings (GL) were investigated. Results indicated that plant height, dry biomass, yield parameters (cob length and girth, grains/cob and 1000-grains weight) and yields (grain and stover) of maize significantly (p=0.05) improved with IPNS module (75% NPK +5 t FYM) and increased 31.8 and 23.8% grain yield over the RDF and 100% NPK of STCR, respectively. In chickpea, the higher plant height, dry biomass, pods/ plant and yields (grain and straw) were obtained with the residual fertility of FYM @ 25 t/ha every year and followed by IPNS module (75%NPK +5 t FYM). However, residual fertility of PM and UC based IPNS modules also considerably improved the crop growth and yields of chickpea. Substantially higher system productivity was also noticed with 75% NPK +5 t FYM and followed 75% NPK +1 t PM based IPNS modules which was 1.86 and 0.99 t/ ha higher than RDF. A positive nutrient balance was recorded with addition of higher level FYM only (25 t/ha) Whereas, a negative nutrient balance was noticed for N and K in all plots excluding higher level of organic manures. However, there has been substantial build-up of N, P and K in plots receiving 25 t FYM every year. The additional supply of nutrients (organic + inorganic) is crucial for positive nutrients balance. Thus, STCR based fertilizers (75% NPK) along 25% nutrients through organic manures (FYM and PM) sustained the crop yield while the addition of FYM (25 t/ha) is essential for a positive balance of nutrients in the soil.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"46 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasmita Tripathy, S. L. Meena, S. Dhar, SACHIN SINGH, And Pooja, D. Meena
A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design at ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute farm, New Delhi during the rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 determine the impact of different row ratios and nutrient management practices on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard + chickpea intercropping system. Sixteen treatment combinations were taken with four different row ratios as main plots and four nutrient management practices as sub-plots replicated thrice. Though crop yields for individual crops of mustard and chickpea were found to be the highest for sole crop, but yield of intercropping system in terms of mustard equivalent yield was found to be the highest for mustard + chickpea 5:2 row ratio (2.98 t/ha in 2021 and 3.06 t/ha in 2022). Yields of both mustard and chickpea were observed to be the highest in the plots treated with combination of organic manures and microbial consortia i.e., 20 kg nitrogen through farmyard manure + leaf manure @ 4t/ha + microbial consortia (1.38 t/ha for mustard and 1.60 t/ha for chickpea). Highest gross returns (`84,560), net returns (`54,040) and benefit-cost ratio (1.77) were found in mustard + chickpea 5:2 row ratio. Analysis of nutrient uptake revealed maximum nutrient uptake in mustard + chickpea 2:5 intercropping system which led to better vegetative growth and higher yields. The above research aptly highlighted the beneficial effects of intercropping mustard with chickpea in dryland areas which helped to generate higher income for the farmers along with maintenance of soil sustainability by application of organic manures in right proportions.
{"title":"Impact of row ratios and nutrient management practices on yield, economics and nutrient uptake of mustard + chickpea intercropping system","authors":"Sasmita Tripathy, S. L. Meena, S. Dhar, SACHIN SINGH, And Pooja, D. Meena","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5503","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was undertaken in split plot design at ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute farm, New Delhi during the rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 determine the impact of different row ratios and nutrient management practices on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of mustard + chickpea intercropping system. Sixteen treatment combinations were taken with four different row ratios as main plots and four nutrient management practices as sub-plots replicated thrice. Though crop yields for individual crops of mustard and chickpea were found to be the highest for sole crop, but yield of intercropping system in terms of mustard equivalent yield was found to be the highest for mustard + chickpea 5:2 row ratio (2.98 t/ha in 2021 and 3.06 t/ha in 2022). Yields of both mustard and chickpea were observed to be the highest in the plots treated with combination of organic manures and microbial consortia i.e., 20 kg nitrogen through farmyard manure + leaf manure @ 4t/ha + microbial consortia (1.38 t/ha for mustard and 1.60 t/ha for chickpea). Highest gross returns (`84,560), net returns (`54,040) and benefit-cost ratio (1.77) were found in mustard + chickpea 5:2 row ratio. Analysis of nutrient uptake revealed maximum nutrient uptake in mustard + chickpea 2:5 intercropping system which led to better vegetative growth and higher yields. The above research aptly highlighted the beneficial effects of intercropping mustard with chickpea in dryland areas which helped to generate higher income for the farmers along with maintenance of soil sustainability by application of organic manures in right proportions.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the 2 consecutive kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, to study the yield maximization of Bt cotton through agro-techniques in loamy sand. The experiment consisted of four factors viz; spacing, detopping, intercropping and sowing time with two levels in each treatment. The results of pooled data of 2 years indicated that Bt cotton sown at spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly higher plant height, crop growth rate as well as seed cotton (3077 kg/ha) and stalk yields (5930 kg/ha), seed cotton equivalent yield (3512 kg/ha) and oil yield (335 kg/ha). However, wider spacing of 120 cm × 60 cm produced remarkably higher number of sympodial branches per plant, relative growth rate, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and seed cotton yield per plant. Topping carried out at 75 DAS remarkably improved growth and yield attributes, seed cotton and stalk yields, seed cotton equivalent yield, oil yield. All growth and yield attributes as well as seed cotton yield were recorded significantly higher without intercrop in Bt cotton. Though intercropping of greengram (additive series) in Bt cotton produced significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield than no intercropping in pooled mean. Advance sowing of Bt cotton in last week of May produced significantly higher seed cotton yield and seed cotton equivalent S1 T2I2 D1 [Advance sowing (Last week of May)] at plant spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm along with detopping at 75 DAS and intercropping with greengram] gave significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield as well as net returns and B: C ratio of Bt cotton.
{"title":"Effect of different agro-techniques on yield of Bt cotton","authors":"V.B. GOHIL, D.M. PATEL, M.M. CHAUDHARY","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5505","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the 2 consecutive kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, to study the yield maximization of Bt cotton through agro-techniques in loamy sand. The experiment consisted of four factors viz; spacing, detopping, intercropping and sowing time with two levels in each treatment. The results of pooled data of 2 years indicated that Bt cotton sown at spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly higher plant height, crop growth rate as well as seed cotton (3077 kg/ha) and stalk yields (5930 kg/ha), seed cotton equivalent yield (3512 kg/ha) and oil yield (335 kg/ha). However, wider spacing of 120 cm × 60 cm produced remarkably higher number of sympodial branches per plant, relative growth rate, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and seed cotton yield per plant. Topping carried out at 75 DAS remarkably improved growth and yield attributes, seed cotton and stalk yields, seed cotton equivalent yield, oil yield. All growth and yield attributes as well as seed cotton yield were recorded significantly higher without intercrop in Bt cotton. Though intercropping of greengram (additive series) in Bt cotton produced significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield than no intercropping in pooled mean. Advance sowing of Bt cotton in last week of May produced significantly higher seed cotton yield and seed cotton equivalent S1 T2I2 D1 [Advance sowing (Last week of May)] at plant spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm along with detopping at 75 DAS and intercropping with greengram] gave significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield as well as net returns and B: C ratio of Bt cotton.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"53 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prakash Sonnad, TEEKAM SINGH, G. D. Sanketh, Tanmay Das, R. Kaur, Raj Singh
The experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rainy season of 2022 to asses the effect of tillage and precise nutrient placement on maize (Zea mays L.) growth. Employing a split-plot design with 3-tillage methods in main plots, viz. T1 , (conventional tillage); T2 , (once rotavator as minimum tillage) and T3 , (zero tillage) and 4, precision nutrient application options N1 , 50% RDF as point placement; N2 , 75% RDF as band placement; N3, 100% RDF as band placement and N4, 100% RDF as broadcasting were tested in subplots. Results indicated that tillage and precision nutrient placement practices improved the plant height and LAI of maize. Minimum tillage recorded significantly higher crop growth indices, viz. CGR (1.92 g/m2/day), RGR (26.80 g/g/day) and dry matter accumulation (204.58 g/plant) over other tillage practices at 60 to 90 Days after sowing (DAS). Root attributes also improved under minimum tillage. The grain yield was significantly higher with minimum tillage (6.22 t/ha) over other tillage practices. Among the precision nutrient application options, 100% RDF as band placement recorded significantly higher grain yield (6.20 t/ha) over N2 and N4 but remained statistically at par with 50% RDF point placement (6.06 t/ha). The findings suggested that adopting minimum tillage and precise nutrient point placement could significantly enhance maize growth and yield in kharif seasons, offering 50% reduction in fertilizer consumption.
{"title":"Effect of tillage and precision nutrient placement on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays)","authors":"Prakash Sonnad, TEEKAM SINGH, G. D. Sanketh, Tanmay Das, R. Kaur, Raj Singh","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5509","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rainy season of 2022 to asses the effect of tillage and precise nutrient placement on maize (Zea mays L.) growth. Employing a split-plot design with 3-tillage methods in main plots, viz. T1 , (conventional tillage); T2 , (once rotavator as minimum tillage) and T3 , (zero tillage) and 4, precision nutrient application options N1 , 50% RDF as point placement; N2 , 75% RDF as band placement; N3, 100% RDF as band placement and N4, 100% RDF as broadcasting were tested in subplots. Results indicated that tillage and precision nutrient placement practices improved the plant height and LAI of maize. Minimum tillage recorded significantly higher crop growth indices, viz. CGR (1.92 g/m2/day), RGR (26.80 g/g/day) and dry matter accumulation (204.58 g/plant) over other tillage practices at 60 to 90 Days after sowing (DAS). Root attributes also improved under minimum tillage. The grain yield was significantly higher with minimum tillage (6.22 t/ha) over other tillage practices. Among the precision nutrient application options, 100% RDF as band placement recorded significantly higher grain yield (6.20 t/ha) over N2 and N4 but remained statistically at par with 50% RDF point placement (6.06 t/ha). The findings suggested that adopting minimum tillage and precise nutrient point placement could significantly enhance maize growth and yield in kharif seasons, offering 50% reduction in fertilizer consumption.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"49 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops which play a major role in increasing the income of small and marginal farmers of the Kutch region of Gujarat. To promote the improved cultivation technology of sesame with high yielding variety ‘GT4’ and ‘GJT5’, 123 cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted in 63.2 ha area during summer, at ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kukma, Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat during summer 2017 to 2020. The four years data revealed that the average yield increased to 16.34% over the existing practice due to adoption of improved practice. The average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were 270.5 kg/ha, 121 kg/ha and 24.95%, respectively. Furthermore, the economics of the demonstrations and farmers practice showed an increased net return of ₹39,319/ha with benefit: cost ratio (BCR) of 2.47 in demonstrated plots over conventional plots where it was ₹30,700/ha and 2.19, respectively. By conducting front line demonstration of the proven technologies, yield potential of sesame crop could be enhanced to a greater extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.
{"title":"Assessment of cluster front line demonstration on yield and economics of summer sesame","authors":"TRALOKI SINGH, A. Tetarwal, Rahul Dev","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5507","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops which play a major role in increasing the income of small and marginal farmers of the Kutch region of Gujarat. To promote the improved cultivation technology of sesame with high yielding variety ‘GT4’ and ‘GJT5’, 123 cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) were conducted in 63.2 ha area during summer, at ICAR-CAZRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kukma, Bhuj, Kachchh, Gujarat during summer 2017 to 2020. The four years data revealed that the average yield increased to 16.34% over the existing practice due to adoption of improved practice. The average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were 270.5 kg/ha, 121 kg/ha and 24.95%, respectively. Furthermore, the economics of the demonstrations and farmers practice showed an increased net return of ₹39,319/ha with benefit: cost ratio (BCR) of 2.47 in demonstrated plots over conventional plots where it was ₹30,700/ha and 2.19, respectively. By conducting front line demonstration of the proven technologies, yield potential of sesame crop could be enhanced to a greater extent with increase in the income level of the farming community.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":"44 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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