Digvijay Singh, Mohammad Hasanain, Gaurav Verma, Dheer Pratap, Om Chandra Pandey, Sandeep Kumar, Avaneesh Kumar, Raghavendra Singh, V. K. Singh, Adesh Singh, M. Scholar, Ph.D. Scholar
The experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2021 at Farm unit 5, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. (India) to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient management strategies on maize productivity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 2 tillage options i.e., Conventional tillage (CT) and Raised beds planting (RBP) as main plots and 5 nutrient management practices, viz. FP (Farmer practice), ST (State recommendation), STBR (soil test-based recommendation), NE (Nutrient expertTM) 6t/ha and NE 7 t/ha were assigned in sub-plots with 3 replications. The RBP recorded significantly higher yield attributes, viz. cob girth (16.8 cm), grain row/cob (16.2), grain/row (40.6), no. of grain/cob (700.1), grain weight/cob (162.7 g) over CT. Similarly, significantly higher grain (7.22 t/ha), stover (11.01 t/ha), cob (9.72 t/ha), biological yield (20.70 t/ha), total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted in RBP than CT. The yield attributes, yield parameters nutrient uptake and economics in maize were significantly influenced by nutrient management techniques. The maximum yield attributes, viz. cob girth, grain row/cob, grain/row, no. of grain/cob, grain weight/cob and yield were recorded under NE @7 t/ha. Similarly, total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted NE @7 t/ha than remaining other treatment. Overall, results revealed that growing maize on permanent raised bed along with NE @ 7 t/ha is a promising option for sustaining the productivity of maize intensively grown in Upper Gangetic Plains of India.
{"title":"Tillage and nutrient management strategies for improving productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays)","authors":"Digvijay Singh, Mohammad Hasanain, Gaurav Verma, Dheer Pratap, Om Chandra Pandey, Sandeep Kumar, Avaneesh Kumar, Raghavendra Singh, V. K. Singh, Adesh Singh, M. Scholar, Ph.D. Scholar","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5511","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out during Kharif season of 2021 at Farm unit 5, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. (India) to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient management strategies on maize productivity. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 2 tillage options i.e., Conventional tillage (CT) and Raised beds planting (RBP) as main plots and 5 nutrient management practices, viz. FP (Farmer practice), ST (State recommendation), STBR (soil test-based recommendation), NE (Nutrient expertTM) 6t/ha and NE 7 t/ha were assigned in sub-plots with 3 replications. The RBP recorded significantly higher yield attributes, viz. cob girth (16.8 cm), grain row/cob (16.2), grain/row (40.6), no. of grain/cob (700.1), grain weight/cob (162.7 g) over CT. Similarly, significantly higher grain (7.22 t/ha), stover (11.01 t/ha), cob (9.72 t/ha), biological yield (20.70 t/ha), total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted in RBP than CT. The yield attributes, yield parameters nutrient uptake and economics in maize were significantly influenced by nutrient management techniques. The maximum yield attributes, viz. cob girth, grain row/cob, grain/row, no. of grain/cob, grain weight/cob and yield were recorded under NE @7 t/ha. Similarly, total uptake of N, P and K, gross return, net return and B: C ratio was noted NE @7 t/ha than remaining other treatment. Overall, results revealed that growing maize on permanent raised bed along with NE @ 7 t/ha is a promising option for sustaining the productivity of maize intensively grown in Upper Gangetic Plains of India.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of spacing and nutrients on insect-pests infestation on compact desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) grown under rainfed condition during kharif seasons of 2019–20 to 2021–22 at the Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat. The experiments were carried out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations with three replicates comprised of three levels of spacing viz., 60 cm × 15 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 120 cm × 45 cm and three nutrient levels, viz. 120, 150 and 180 kg N/ha. The population of sucking pests viz., leafhopper, thrips, whitefly and mealy bug as well as open boll and locule damage by bollworms was recorded significantly lower in plant density at normal (recommended) spacing, 120 cm × 45 cm and vice a versa. Only the aphid population was found significantly lowest in closer spacing (60 cm × 15 cm). Amongst nitrogen levels, there was a significant difference with respect to N levels and the highest population of sucking pests as well as open and locule damage was recorded at N level of 180 kg N/ha. With respect to treatment combinations, there was no significant difference in sucking pests (aphids, thrips, whitefly and mealybugs) and open boll and locule damage amongst different treatment combinations of spacing and nitrogen levels. However, the treatment combination comprising the spacing of 120 × 45 cm and 120 kg N/ha recorded significantly lowest population of leafhopper followed by treatment combination of spacing 120 cm × 45 cm with nitrogen level of 150 kg/ha. Hence, proper interventions for leafhopper control is required when compact desi cotton was sown at closer spacing under rainfed condition.
{"title":"Incidence of insect-pests in response to plant density and nutrient levels in Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) under rainfed condition","authors":"G.R. BHANDERI, R.D. PATEL, H.R. DESAI, M.M. PATEL, K.B. SANKAT, M.C. PATEL","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5501","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of spacing and nutrients on insect-pests infestation on compact desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) grown under rainfed condition during kharif seasons of 2019–20 to 2021–22 at the Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat. The experiments were carried out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations with three replicates comprised of three levels of spacing viz., 60 cm × 15 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 120 cm × 45 cm and three nutrient levels, viz. 120, 150 and 180 kg N/ha. The population of sucking pests viz., leafhopper, thrips, whitefly and mealy bug as well as open boll and locule damage by bollworms was recorded significantly lower in plant density at normal (recommended) spacing, 120 cm × 45 cm and vice a versa. Only the aphid population was found significantly lowest in closer spacing (60 cm × 15 cm). Amongst nitrogen levels, there was a significant difference with respect to N levels and the highest population of sucking pests as well as open and locule damage was recorded at N level of 180 kg N/ha. With respect to treatment combinations, there was no significant difference in sucking pests (aphids, thrips, whitefly and mealybugs) and open boll and locule damage amongst different treatment combinations of spacing and nitrogen levels. However, the treatment combination comprising the spacing of 120 × 45 cm and 120 kg N/ha recorded significantly lowest population of leafhopper followed by treatment combination of spacing 120 cm × 45 cm with nitrogen level of 150 kg/ha. Hence, proper interventions for leafhopper control is required when compact desi cotton was sown at closer spacing under rainfed condition.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 3 -years field experiment consisting of 2 planting materials viz., 3- bud setts and bud chips and 5 sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) varieties (‘BO 91’, ‘CoP 16437’, ‘CoP 16438’ and ‘BO 156’) was conducted during spring seasons of 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, to study the effect of planting materials and varieties on productivity of sugarcane under waterlogged conditions. Significantly higher plant population (157, 000/ha), plant height (292 cm), LAI (4.12), mortality percent (38.4%), length of internode (11.8 cm), millable canes (96, 300/ha) and B: C ratio (0.70) was observed with bud chip as planting material than three bud setts. However, significantly higher number of nodes having aerial roots (8.3), cane diameter (2.09 cm) and single cane weight (828 g) were observed with 3 bud setts. Among the varieties, ‘BO 156’ exhibited better growth performance under waterlogged conditions with higher tillers (175, 000/ha), plant height (295 cm), drymatter accumulation (29.5 t/ha) and number of internode/cane (12). The LAI (4.26) and number of nodes having aerial roots (8.9) were found higher in ‘BO 91’. Higher cane diameter (2.11 cm) and single cane weight (936 g) were obtained from ‘CoP 16437’. But the variety ‘BO 91’ recorded higher millable canes (107, 500/ha) which was statistically comparable to ‘BO 156’. The data indicated that variety ‘BO 156’ recorded significantly higher cane yield (78.0 t/ha), gross returns (₹226, 200/ha), net returns (₹107, 000/ha) and B: C ratio (0.90) but it was at par ‘CoP 16437’ in respect to cane yield and gross returns. The quality in terms of brix (19.5%) and pol (17.11%) of ‘CoP 16438’ and ‘CoP 16437’ was better than ‘CoP 092’ and ‘BO 156’ but the sugar yield of varieties ‘BO 156’ (9.1 t/ha) and ‘CoP 16437’ (8.4 t/ha) were at par to each other. The productivity and economic parameters indicated that bud chip raised settlings and sugarcane variety ‘BO 156’ is economically viable options under waterlogged conditions.
{"title":"Response of high yielding varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) to planting materials under waterlogged condition","authors":"Navnit Kumar, Lalita Rana, A. K. SINGH'","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5506","url":null,"abstract":"A 3 -years field experiment consisting of 2 planting materials viz., 3- bud setts and bud chips and 5 sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid complex) varieties (‘BO 91’, ‘CoP 16437’, ‘CoP 16438’ and ‘BO 156’) was conducted during spring seasons of 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, to study the effect of planting materials and varieties on productivity of sugarcane under waterlogged conditions. Significantly higher plant population (157, 000/ha), plant height (292 cm), LAI (4.12), mortality percent (38.4%), length of internode (11.8 cm), millable canes (96, 300/ha) and B: C ratio (0.70) was observed with bud chip as planting material than three bud setts. However, significantly higher number of nodes having aerial roots (8.3), cane diameter (2.09 cm) and single cane weight (828 g) were observed with 3 bud setts. Among the varieties, ‘BO 156’ exhibited better growth performance under waterlogged conditions with higher tillers (175, 000/ha), plant height (295 cm), drymatter accumulation (29.5 t/ha) and number of internode/cane (12). The LAI (4.26) and number of nodes having aerial roots (8.9) were found higher in ‘BO 91’. Higher cane diameter (2.11 cm) and single cane weight (936 g) were obtained from ‘CoP 16437’. But the variety ‘BO 91’ recorded higher millable canes (107, 500/ha) which was statistically comparable to ‘BO 156’. The data indicated that variety ‘BO 156’ recorded significantly higher cane yield (78.0 t/ha), gross returns (₹226, 200/ha), net returns (₹107, 000/ha) and B: C ratio (0.90) but it was at par ‘CoP 16437’ in respect to cane yield and gross returns. The quality in terms of brix (19.5%) and pol (17.11%) of ‘CoP 16438’ and ‘CoP 16437’ was better than ‘CoP 092’ and ‘BO 156’ but the sugar yield of varieties ‘BO 156’ (9.1 t/ha) and ‘CoP 16437’ (8.4 t/ha) were at par to each other. The productivity and economic parameters indicated that bud chip raised settlings and sugarcane variety ‘BO 156’ is economically viable options under waterlogged conditions.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ANJALI PATEL, G. Banjara, G. K. Shrivastava, S. S. Rathore, K. Shekhawat, S. K. Painkara, A. Lakra, R. K. Mishra
A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Instructional-cumResearch farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh to study the effect of various herbicides and their combinations on weed dynamics and performance of chickpea. A total of 14 treatment combinations including hand weeding and unweeded control were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that significantly lower weed density and dry matter production, weed index and higher weed control efficiency were observed under two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS which was found at par to oxyfluorfen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE) and metribuzin 350 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ ha (PoE). The higher dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, seed index, seed yield (1.78 t/ha) and stover yield (2.70 t/ha) of chickpea were obtained with oxyfluorefen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE). Application of oxyfluorefen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE) controlled complex weeds flora effectively and fetched maximum net returns (`63.1 × 103/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (3.02).
{"title":"Chemical weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under Vertisols of Eastern Plateau Plain zone of India","authors":"ANJALI PATEL, G. Banjara, G. K. Shrivastava, S. S. Rathore, K. Shekhawat, S. K. Painkara, A. Lakra, R. K. Mishra","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5502","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Instructional-cumResearch farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh to study the effect of various herbicides and their combinations on weed dynamics and performance of chickpea. A total of 14 treatment combinations including hand weeding and unweeded control were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that significantly lower weed density and dry matter production, weed index and higher weed control efficiency were observed under two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS which was found at par to oxyfluorfen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE) and metribuzin 350 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ ha (PoE). The higher dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, seed index, seed yield (1.78 t/ha) and stover yield (2.70 t/ha) of chickpea were obtained with oxyfluorefen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE). Application of oxyfluorefen 150 g/ha (PE) fb topramezone 20.6 g/ha (PoE) controlled complex weeds flora effectively and fetched maximum net returns (`63.1 × 103/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (3.02).","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tillage intensity, crop residue retention and nitrogen application can significantly impact the soil properties and crop productivity. We studied the effect of tillage (deep tillage [DT] vs. shallow tillage [ST]) in main plots and residue management viz. conventional tillage without residue (CT-R), conventional tillage with residue (CT+R), minimum tillage without residue (MT-R) and minimum tillage with residue (MT+R) in sub plots and fertilizer-N at 75, 100 and 125% N (viz. N75, N100 and N125) in sub-sub plots. Field treatments were established in maize-wheat (Zea mays-Triticum aestivum) cropping system during 2016-2019 at two different locations in north-western India and were arranged in split-split plot design. The soil penetration resistance was significantly lower under deep tillage (3.4 to 3.7%) as compared to shallow tillage. CT+R recorded lowest penetration resistance as compared to other tillage and residue combinations but other soil properties like OC, available NPK, soil aggregation, infiltration rate did not differ significantly. The addition of crop residue both under minimum and conventional tillage significantly increased the soil microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity at both locations. CT-R recorded lowest microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. The available soil nitrogen, microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity significantly increased with increasing nitrogen doses at both locations and were highest under 125% N level as compared to 75% and 100% levels. In both crops, the grain yield was not significantly affected by tillage and crop residue combinations while the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the grain yield. From soil health and sustainability point of view, CT+R treatment with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen in maize-wheat crop rotation seemed beneficial.
{"title":"Tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen application impacts on soil properties under maize–wheat (Zea mays–Triticum aestivum) cropping system","authors":"R. S. Ghuman, HARMEET SINGH, K. B. Singh","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5498","url":null,"abstract":"Tillage intensity, crop residue retention and nitrogen application can significantly impact the soil properties and crop productivity. We studied the effect of tillage (deep tillage [DT] vs. shallow tillage [ST]) in main plots and residue management viz. conventional tillage without residue (CT-R), conventional tillage with residue (CT+R), minimum tillage without residue (MT-R) and minimum tillage with residue (MT+R) in sub plots and fertilizer-N at 75, 100 and 125% N (viz. N75, N100 and N125) in sub-sub plots. Field treatments were established in maize-wheat (Zea mays-Triticum aestivum) cropping system during 2016-2019 at two different locations in north-western India and were arranged in split-split plot design. The soil penetration resistance was significantly lower under deep tillage (3.4 to 3.7%) as compared to shallow tillage. CT+R recorded lowest penetration resistance as compared to other tillage and residue combinations but other soil properties like OC, available NPK, soil aggregation, infiltration rate did not differ significantly. The addition of crop residue both under minimum and conventional tillage significantly increased the soil microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity at both locations. CT-R recorded lowest microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. The available soil nitrogen, microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity significantly increased with increasing nitrogen doses at both locations and were highest under 125% N level as compared to 75% and 100% levels. In both crops, the grain yield was not significantly affected by tillage and crop residue combinations while the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the grain yield. From soil health and sustainability point of view, CT+R treatment with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen in maize-wheat crop rotation seemed beneficial.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ratna Prava Samal, G. Nanda, Abdus Sattar, Mukesh Kumar, Nilanjaya
A field experiment was carried out at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur during Rabi season, 2021–22. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design with three varieties of fodder oat (Kent, JHO-822 and Local) in main-plots and four different sowing dates (15th November, 25th November, 5th December and 15th December) in sub-plots with three replications. The results obtained from the experiment showed that ‘JHO-822’ recorded 9.4 and 29.5% higher green and dry fodder yield than local variety and accumulated the highest meteorological indices (GDD, HTU and PTU) and resulted in the highest HUE and PTUE. Among different micro-environments, seeding on 15th November recorded the highest green and dry fodder yield with substantially greater values of agro-meteorological indices which decreased with advancement of sowing date. Per day delay in sowing resulted in 0.7% decrease in green fodder yield and 1.2% decrease in dry fodder yield.
{"title":"Productivity and thermal requirement of fodder oat varieties under different micro-environments in Bihar","authors":"Ratna Prava Samal, G. Nanda, Abdus Sattar, Mukesh Kumar, Nilanjaya","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5513","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur during Rabi season, 2021–22. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design with three varieties of fodder oat (Kent, JHO-822 and Local) in main-plots and four different sowing dates (15th November, 25th November, 5th December and 15th December) in sub-plots with three replications. The results obtained from the experiment showed that ‘JHO-822’ recorded 9.4 and 29.5% higher green and dry fodder yield than local variety and accumulated the highest meteorological indices (GDD, HTU and PTU) and resulted in the highest HUE and PTUE. Among different micro-environments, seeding on 15th November recorded the highest green and dry fodder yield with substantially greater values of agro-meteorological indices which decreased with advancement of sowing date. Per day delay in sowing resulted in 0.7% decrease in green fodder yield and 1.2% decrease in dry fodder yield.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Kantwa, Mukesh Choudhary, R. Agrawal, A. Dixit, SUNIL KUMAR, G. R. Chary
Moisture stress in rainfed areas has significant adverse impact on plant growth and yield. Exogenous application of plant bio-regulators (PBRs) plays an important role to mitigate drought stress in plants. A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018 and 2019 to explore the positive role of PBRs on the yield, economic feasibility and water use efficiency of maize grown under rainfed conditions. Ten treatments including PBRs, mulching and control were evaluated in a randomized block design. The result showed that foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) with 1% urea solution improved the grain yield of maize by 24% as compared to control plot. Other PBRs such as glycine betaine, gibberellic acid and thiourea also increased the grain yield in the range of 10–21%. Application of 1% urea solution with PBRs synergise the effect of PBR to alleviate drought stress. The foliar applied PBRs maintained higher membrane stability index (73–78%), significantly increased relative water content (5–11%), chlorophyll content and decreased the proline content (11–21%) as compared to plants grown in control plot. Significant increase were noted in the rain and crop water use efficiency of maize with the foliar application of PBRs. Net returns were improved by 33% with application of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) + 1% urea as compared to control (₹49 × 103 /ha). Thus, foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) with 1% urea solution could be an economic feasible strategy to reduce the adverse effects of drought and may increase the maize yield and water use efficiency.
{"title":"Exogenous application of plant bio-regulators improve yield and water use efficiency of maize under drought stress","authors":"S. R. Kantwa, Mukesh Choudhary, R. Agrawal, A. Dixit, SUNIL KUMAR, G. R. Chary","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5504","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture stress in rainfed areas has significant adverse impact on plant growth and yield. Exogenous application of plant bio-regulators (PBRs) plays an important role to mitigate drought stress in plants. A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2018 and 2019 to explore the positive role of PBRs on the yield, economic feasibility and water use efficiency of maize grown under rainfed conditions. Ten treatments including PBRs, mulching and control were evaluated in a randomized block design. The result showed that foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) with 1% urea solution improved the grain yield of maize by 24% as compared to control plot. Other PBRs such as glycine betaine, gibberellic acid and thiourea also increased the grain yield in the range of 10–21%. Application of 1% urea solution with PBRs synergise the effect of PBR to alleviate drought stress. The foliar applied PBRs maintained higher membrane stability index (73–78%), significantly increased relative water content (5–11%), chlorophyll content and decreased the proline content (11–21%) as compared to plants grown in control plot. Significant increase were noted in the rain and crop water use efficiency of maize with the foliar application of PBRs. Net returns were improved by 33% with application of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) + 1% urea as compared to control (₹49 × 103 /ha). Thus, foliar spray of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) with 1% urea solution could be an economic feasible strategy to reduce the adverse effects of drought and may increase the maize yield and water use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhijit Mandal, TEEKAM SINGH, Ayan Sarkar, A. Dass, C. M. Parihar, Manoj Chaudhary, Baidyanath Mandal
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial cereal crop globally, serving as a staple food for a vast population. Its productivity faces challenges such as nutrient imbalance and terminal heat stress exacerbated by climate change, particularly in regions like the North-Eastern Plain Zone of India. To address these issues, a study was conducted during the rabi season of 2021–2022 in Jharkhand, India, aiming to examine the impacts of irrigation regimes and nano-urea-based nitrogen management practices on wheat. Employing a split-plot design with three replications, the experiment assessed three irrigation regimes and five nitrogen management practices. Results revealed that irrigation regimes registered non-significant effects on crop growth parameters like plant height, LAI (leaf area index), root dry weight, flag leaf area and tillers/m2 , which might be due to frequent rain up to the flowering stage during the crop growth period. Higher levels of nitrogen in commercial urea significantly increased plant height, LAI, flag leaf area, recovered root dry weight and dry matter accumulation. However, nano-urea spray at 45 DAS helped crop plants positively to increase all growth parameters more compared to nano-urea spray at 60 DAS. All growth attributes with 50% RDN+2-nano-urea spray were statistically at par with 50% RDN+1 nano-urea spray up to 40 DAS, but after the flowering stage, it was statistically similar with 100% RDN. The maximum tillers/m2 was found under 100% RDN, followed by 75% RDN+ one nano-urea spray and 50% RDN+2 nano-urea spray. Thus, 3- irrigations at CRI, flowering and milk stage and 100% RDN (120 kg N/ha) were found sufficient for enhancing the growth parameters of wheat.
{"title":"Effect of nano-urea and irrigation regimes on growth parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Abhijit Mandal, TEEKAM SINGH, Ayan Sarkar, A. Dass, C. M. Parihar, Manoj Chaudhary, Baidyanath Mandal","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5514","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial cereal crop globally, serving as a staple food for a vast population. Its productivity faces challenges such as nutrient imbalance and terminal heat stress exacerbated by climate change, particularly in regions like the North-Eastern Plain Zone of India. To address these issues, a study was conducted during the rabi season of 2021–2022 in Jharkhand, India, aiming to examine the impacts of irrigation regimes and nano-urea-based nitrogen management practices on wheat. Employing a split-plot design with three replications, the experiment assessed three irrigation regimes and five nitrogen management practices. Results revealed that irrigation regimes registered non-significant effects on crop growth parameters like plant height, LAI (leaf area index), root dry weight, flag leaf area and tillers/m2 , which might be due to frequent rain up to the flowering stage during the crop growth period. Higher levels of nitrogen in commercial urea significantly increased plant height, LAI, flag leaf area, recovered root dry weight and dry matter accumulation. However, nano-urea spray at 45 DAS helped crop plants positively to increase all growth parameters more compared to nano-urea spray at 60 DAS. All growth attributes with 50% RDN+2-nano-urea spray were statistically at par with 50% RDN+1 nano-urea spray up to 40 DAS, but after the flowering stage, it was statistically similar with 100% RDN. The maximum tillers/m2 was found under 100% RDN, followed by 75% RDN+ one nano-urea spray and 50% RDN+2 nano-urea spray. Thus, 3- irrigations at CRI, flowering and milk stage and 100% RDN (120 kg N/ha) were found sufficient for enhancing the growth parameters of wheat.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kadagonda Nithinkumar, S. P. Singh, Ved Prakash, Nilutpal Saikia, Shreyas Bagrecha, A. Dass, Arjun Singh, M.Sc. Student, Ph.D. Scholar
A field experiment was carried-out in the winter season of 2021–22 at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, to assess the effect of detasseling times and nitrogen levels on productivity and profitability of winter baby corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised three detasseling times (No detasseling [Control], immediately after tassel emergence, and 7 days after tassel emergence) and four nitrogen levels (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha). A total 12 treatment combinations were evaluated in a factorial randomized-block design, replicated thrice. The results showed that detasseling immediately after tassel emergence enhanced the dry matter accumulation, yield attributes, and husked and dehusked baby corn yield by 11.4 and 15.2%, respectively and fodder yield (23.84 t/ha), over no detasseling; however, it stood at par with detasseling 7 days after tassel emergence. Further, an application of 200 kg N/ha resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation and yield attributes, finally leading to 36.9, 38.1 and 33.1%, improvement in husked, dehusked baby corn yield and fodder yield, respectively, compared to 50 kg N/ha. Using 150 kg N/ha was at par with 200 kg N/ha both for growth and yield. The net returns and benefit-cost ratio showed the similar trend as of baby corn yields. Overall, this study suggested that detasseling immediately after tassel emergence and application of 200 kg N/ha is advantageous to augment the productivity and profitability of winter baby corn under irrigated ecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
{"title":"Nitrogen and detasseling influences growth, yield and economics of male sterile baby corn (Zea mays)","authors":"Kadagonda Nithinkumar, S. P. Singh, Ved Prakash, Nilutpal Saikia, Shreyas Bagrecha, A. Dass, Arjun Singh, M.Sc. Student, Ph.D. Scholar","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5510","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried-out in the winter season of 2021–22 at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, to assess the effect of detasseling times and nitrogen levels on productivity and profitability of winter baby corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment comprised three detasseling times (No detasseling [Control], immediately after tassel emergence, and 7 days after tassel emergence) and four nitrogen levels (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N/ha). A total 12 treatment combinations were evaluated in a factorial randomized-block design, replicated thrice. The results showed that detasseling immediately after tassel emergence enhanced the dry matter accumulation, yield attributes, and husked and dehusked baby corn yield by 11.4 and 15.2%, respectively and fodder yield (23.84 t/ha), over no detasseling; however, it stood at par with detasseling 7 days after tassel emergence. Further, an application of 200 kg N/ha resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation and yield attributes, finally leading to 36.9, 38.1 and 33.1%, improvement in husked, dehusked baby corn yield and fodder yield, respectively, compared to 50 kg N/ha. Using 150 kg N/ha was at par with 200 kg N/ha both for growth and yield. The net returns and benefit-cost ratio showed the similar trend as of baby corn yields. Overall, this study suggested that detasseling immediately after tassel emergence and application of 200 kg N/ha is advantageous to augment the productivity and profitability of winter baby corn under irrigated ecosystem of eastern Uttar Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arjun Singh, A. Dass, S. Dhar, S. Sudhishri, K. Shekhawat, M. C. Meena, Kadagonda Nithinkumar, Ayekpam Dollina Devi
A two-year field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to standardize the N-fertigation schedule and crop residue management in sub-surface drip fertigated (SSDF) maize [Pusa HQPM 1’ improved: double bio-fortified]. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. There were 8 main-plot treatments comprising different N sub-surface drip fertigation levels (0, 50, 75, 100% RDN) with one conventional cultivation of maize, where RDN (150 kg/ha) was applied as per recommendation. Under sub-surface fertigation of N, each dose of N was divided into 3-and 4-splits, for fertigation. Sub-plot treatments included greengram residue (3 t/ha) and no greengram residue incorporation. P and K (60 kg P2 O5 /ha and 40 kg K2 O/ha respectively) fertilizers were supplied equally in all the plots by SSDF. Results revealed that plant height at various stages statistically varied with levels and splits of SSDF-N and crop residue incorporation. The highest plant height and leaf area were recorded with 100% RDN-4S which remained at par with 100% RDN-3S and 75% RDN-4S. Conventional maize cultivation was inferior to ‘RDN100’ and 75%, however on par with 50% RDN. The nitrogen uptake was found significantly superior in 100 and 75%RDN over conventional and control treatments. Similarly, the grain yield of maize was highest under 100% ‘RDN-4’ &3 S, and 75% RDN-4S, which were at par with one another. Overall, it could be concluded that sub-surface fertigation of N not only improved the growth and yield of maize but also helped in 25–50% saving of valuable fertilizer.
{"title":"Sub-surface drip fertigation of nitrogen coupled with crop residue incorporation enhanced the growth and yield of maize in an alluvial soils","authors":"Arjun Singh, A. Dass, S. Dhar, S. Sudhishri, K. Shekhawat, M. C. Meena, Kadagonda Nithinkumar, Ayekpam Dollina Devi","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i2.5499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i2.5499","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to standardize the N-fertigation schedule and crop residue management in sub-surface drip fertigated (SSDF) maize [Pusa HQPM 1’ improved: double bio-fortified]. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. There were 8 main-plot treatments comprising different N sub-surface drip fertigation levels (0, 50, 75, 100% RDN) with one conventional cultivation of maize, where RDN (150 kg/ha) was applied as per recommendation. Under sub-surface fertigation of N, each dose of N was divided into 3-and 4-splits, for fertigation. Sub-plot treatments included greengram residue (3 t/ha) and no greengram residue incorporation. P and K (60 kg P2 O5 /ha and 40 kg K2 O/ha respectively) fertilizers were supplied equally in all the plots by SSDF. Results revealed that plant height at various stages statistically varied with levels and splits of SSDF-N and crop residue incorporation. The highest plant height and leaf area were recorded with 100% RDN-4S which remained at par with 100% RDN-3S and 75% RDN-4S. Conventional maize cultivation was inferior to ‘RDN100’ and 75%, however on par with 50% RDN. The nitrogen uptake was found significantly superior in 100 and 75%RDN over conventional and control treatments. Similarly, the grain yield of maize was highest under 100% ‘RDN-4’ &3 S, and 75% RDN-4S, which were at par with one another. Overall, it could be concluded that sub-surface fertigation of N not only improved the growth and yield of maize but also helped in 25–50% saving of valuable fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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