Pushpendra Singh, A. Jha, M. Kewat, Badal Verma, M. P. Sahu
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 at research farm of College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the impact of planting time and herbicides application on weeds and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) yield. Experiment was conducted in a split plot design with 20 treatments comprising of 4 dates of sowing, viz. October 15th, October 30th, November 15th and November 30th in main plots and these were superimposed with 5 weed control treatments i.e. Pyroxasulfone 125 g/ha as pre emergence; Pyroxasulfone 125 g/ha at 14 DAS; Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first cutting; Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first and second cutting, replicated thrice. Berseem variety JB 05-9 was sown in the experimental field with recommended package of practices. There was predominance of dicot weeds as compared to monocot in berseem at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Among the dicot weeds, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (37.48%) and Cichorium intybus (L.) (27.74%) were predominant. However, other weeds like Cyperus rotundus (L.) (13.79%), Anagallis arvensis (L.) (11.21%) and Chenopodium album (L.) (9.78%) were also present in good numbers. Sowing of berseem in the thermal regimes of 15th October and application of Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first and second cutting was most effective treatment for curbing the growth of weeds as it attained the minimum density and dry weight of weeds during both the years. However, sowing of 15th October with application of Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first cutting recorded the superior values of growth parameters, yield attributing traits, green fodder yield, dry matter yield and seed yield and found more remunerative as it fetched the higher NMR and B:C ratio as compared to other combinations.
{"title":"Effect of sowing management and herbicides application on weeds and yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)","authors":"Pushpendra Singh, A. Jha, M. Kewat, Badal Verma, M. P. Sahu","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5485","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 at research farm of College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to study the impact of planting time and herbicides application on weeds and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) yield. Experiment was conducted in a split plot design with 20 treatments comprising of 4 dates of sowing, viz. October 15th, October 30th, November 15th and November 30th in main plots and these were superimposed with 5 weed control treatments i.e. Pyroxasulfone 125 g/ha as pre emergence; Pyroxasulfone 125 g/ha at 14 DAS; Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first cutting; Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first and second cutting, replicated thrice. Berseem variety JB 05-9 was sown in the experimental field with recommended package of practices. There was predominance of dicot weeds as compared to monocot in berseem at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Among the dicot weeds, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (37.48%) and Cichorium intybus (L.) (27.74%) were predominant. However, other weeds like Cyperus rotundus (L.) (13.79%), Anagallis arvensis (L.) (11.21%) and Chenopodium album (L.) (9.78%) were also present in good numbers. Sowing of berseem in the thermal regimes of 15th October and application of Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first and second cutting was most effective treatment for curbing the growth of weeds as it attained the minimum density and dry weight of weeds during both the years. However, sowing of 15th October with application of Oxyfluorfen 100 g/ha + Imazethapyr 15 g/ha after first cutting recorded the superior values of growth parameters, yield attributing traits, green fodder yield, dry matter yield and seed yield and found more remunerative as it fetched the higher NMR and B:C ratio as compared to other combinations.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribagh, Jharkhand to study the effect of phosphorus management on productivity and profitability under direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (DSR) and blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] intercropping in rainfed acidic upland soil. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design comprised 4 methods of cropping, viz. Sole DSR; Sole blackgram; DSR + blackgram (4:1); and DSR + blackgram (4:2) allotted to main-plots and 4 phosphorus management practices, viz. P control (P0 ); Recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) @17.5 kg P/ha; 50% RDP + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @500 g/ha + arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) @12.5 kg/ha; and 25% lime requirement (LR) + PSB + AMF in sub-plots. Experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations, replicated thrice. The rice variety ‘Sahabhagi’ and blackgram variety ‘Uttara’ were used. Among the cropping systems, the highest grain yield was recorded in sole rice (3.84 t/ha) and sole blackgram (1.14 t/ha) which was significantly higher than yields under intercropping in both the ratios. Gross (`96,879/ha) and net returns (`70,603/ha) of sole blackgram were significantly higher than other cropping systems and followed by DSR + blackgram (4:2). Net benefit:cost (B:C) of sole blackgram was maximum (`2.69) and lowest in sole rice (`1.01). Among phosphorus management treatments, 50% RDP + PSB + AMF gave significantly higher net return (`49,440) and net benefit:cost (`1.68). Application of 100% RDP and 25% LR + PSB + AMF gave at par returns and net benefit:cost. It may be suggested that under rainfed uplands of eastern India, farmers may adopt either sole blackgram or intercropping of rice and blackgram in 4:2 over sole DSR for higher productivity and monetary returns. For better phosphorus management in soil they should inoculate PSB and AM fungi along with 50% RDP at the time of sowing.
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus management on yield and economics under direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) and blackgram (Vigna mungo) intercropping in a rainfed acidic upland soil","authors":"Kousalya H.M, Y. V. Singh, S. Prasad, S. Rathore","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5489","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019 at ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribagh, Jharkhand to study the effect of phosphorus management on productivity and profitability under direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) (DSR) and blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] intercropping in rainfed acidic upland soil. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design comprised 4 methods of cropping, viz. Sole DSR; Sole blackgram; DSR + blackgram (4:1); and DSR + blackgram (4:2) allotted to main-plots and 4 phosphorus management practices, viz. P control (P0 ); Recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) @17.5 kg P/ha; 50% RDP + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @500 g/ha + arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) @12.5 kg/ha; and 25% lime requirement (LR) + PSB + AMF in sub-plots. Experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations, replicated thrice. The rice variety ‘Sahabhagi’ and blackgram variety ‘Uttara’ were used. Among the cropping systems, the highest grain yield was recorded in sole rice (3.84 t/ha) and sole blackgram (1.14 t/ha) which was significantly higher than yields under intercropping in both the ratios. Gross (`96,879/ha) and net returns (`70,603/ha) of sole blackgram were significantly higher than other cropping systems and followed by DSR + blackgram (4:2). Net benefit:cost (B:C) of sole blackgram was maximum (`2.69) and lowest in sole rice (`1.01). Among phosphorus management treatments, 50% RDP + PSB + AMF gave significantly higher net return (`49,440) and net benefit:cost (`1.68). Application of 100% RDP and 25% LR + PSB + AMF gave at par returns and net benefit:cost. It may be suggested that under rainfed uplands of eastern India, farmers may adopt either sole blackgram or intercropping of rice and blackgram in 4:2 over sole DSR for higher productivity and monetary returns. For better phosphorus management in soil they should inoculate PSB and AM fungi along with 50% RDP at the time of sowing.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neeraj Kumar, Raj Bahadur, Sushil Kumar Yadav, S. P. Singh, Anand Singh, A. K. Baheliya, Dharmendra Kumar
A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, on silty loam soil during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to study the productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) influenced by customized fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment comprised of 6 nutrient management practices, viz. T1, control; T2, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); T3, Soil test-based recommendation (STR); T4, Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer; T5, TCL customized fertilizer and T6, Farmer’s practice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Results revealed that soil test-based recommendation showed significantly higher grain yield (4.88 t/ha), straw yield (7.53 t/ha) of rice, maximum number of effective tillers (438.6/m2), higher length of panicle (25.05 cm), maximum number of grains/panicles (135.10) and test weight (23.81g) over farmer’s practice and RDF, while it was at par with TCL customized fertilizer and Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer. The higher buildup of organic soil carbon (0.43%) and available N (174.11 kg/ha), P (18.98 kg/ha), S (14.88 ppm), DTPA-Zn (0.65 ppm) and B (0.55 ppm) in was maintained or slightly increased in soil test-based recommendation and customized fertilizers applied plots. While higher availability of K (259.80 kg/ha) was found in RDF. The higher net returns (32.58 × 103 `/ha) per rupee investment and B:C ratio (0.82) was also recorded in Soil test-based recommendation followed by Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer and TCL customized fertilizer.
{"title":"Productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa) influenced by customized fertilizers under rice-wheat cropping system","authors":"Neeraj Kumar, Raj Bahadur, Sushil Kumar Yadav, S. P. Singh, Anand Singh, A. K. Baheliya, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5475","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, on silty loam soil during 2016–17 and 2017–18 to study the productivity and profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) influenced by customized fertilizers in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiment comprised of 6 nutrient management practices, viz. T1, control; T2, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); T3, Soil test-based recommendation (STR); T4, Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer; T5, TCL customized fertilizer and T6, Farmer’s practice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Results revealed that soil test-based recommendation showed significantly higher grain yield (4.88 t/ha), straw yield (7.53 t/ha) of rice, maximum number of effective tillers (438.6/m2), higher length of panicle (25.05 cm), maximum number of grains/panicles (135.10) and test weight (23.81g) over farmer’s practice and RDF, while it was at par with TCL customized fertilizer and Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer. The higher buildup of organic soil carbon (0.43%) and available N (174.11 kg/ha), P (18.98 kg/ha), S (14.88 ppm), DTPA-Zn (0.65 ppm) and B (0.55 ppm) in was maintained or slightly increased in soil test-based recommendation and customized fertilizers applied plots. While higher availability of K (259.80 kg/ha) was found in RDF. The higher net returns (32.58 × 103 `/ha) per rupee investment and B:C ratio (0.82) was also recorded in Soil test-based recommendation followed by Indo-Gulf customized fertilizer and TCL customized fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) season each of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of preceding kharif crops and fertilizer on growth, yield, economics and nutrient requirement of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising of 4 kharif crops, viz. greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek], sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] and fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as main plots and 5 fertilizer treatments, viz. 100% RDF (120 kg N + 60 kg P2 O5 + 40 kg K2 O/ha); 75% RDF; 50% RDF; 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria); and 50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB as sub plots with four replications. Wheat grown after kharif greengram had better growth parameters and yield attributes which was reflected in an increase in grain (4.78 t/ha) and straw (6.41 t/ha) yield of wheat. Among different fertilizer treatments, wheat fertilized with 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain (4.60 t/ha) and straw yield (6.20 t/ha). Nutrient uptakes by grain and straw increased under wheat grown after greengram and fertilized with 100% RDF. Greengramwheat crop sequence and wheat fertilized with either 100% RDF or 75% RDF along with Azotobacter + PSB seed inoculation earned higher net realization and B:C ratio.
{"title":"Preceding kharif crops and fertilizer influence on growth, yield and nutrient requirement of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"JOSHI JESAL P., P.P. CHAUDHARI, P.H. PATEL","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5479","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) season each of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat to study the effect of preceding kharif crops and fertilizer on growth, yield, economics and nutrient requirement of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising of 4 kharif crops, viz. greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek], sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] and fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as main plots and 5 fertilizer treatments, viz. 100% RDF (120 kg N + 60 kg P2 O5 + 40 kg K2 O/ha); 75% RDF; 50% RDF; 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria); and 50% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB as sub plots with four replications. Wheat grown after kharif greengram had better growth parameters and yield attributes which was reflected in an increase in grain (4.78 t/ha) and straw (6.41 t/ha) yield of wheat. Among different fertilizer treatments, wheat fertilized with 100% RDF recorded significantly higher grain (4.60 t/ha) and straw yield (6.20 t/ha). Nutrient uptakes by grain and straw increased under wheat grown after greengram and fertilized with 100% RDF. Greengramwheat crop sequence and wheat fertilized with either 100% RDF or 75% RDF along with Azotobacter + PSB seed inoculation earned higher net realization and B:C ratio.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anbarasu Mariyappillai, G. Arumugam, Swaminathan Chitraputhira Pillai
An experiment was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the AICRP Water Management field, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu to study the effect of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different irrigation regimes. Treatment consisted of 3 irrigation regimes, viz. I1 , Trickle irrigation at 120% Pan Evaporation (PE); I2 , 100% PE, and I3 , 80% PE. Experiment separately, maintained the surface irrigation of IW: CPE 1.20 as control. The well-composed coir pith @375 kg/ha was spread over the raised beds and leveled well with surface soil. Soil samples were collected in vertical and horizontal directions for determining soil moisture by gravimetric method. Soil moisture appropriation was plotted graphically as contour maps used by the surfer. Results revealed that trickle irrigation at 120% PE with coir pith application improved the yield attributes of aerobic rice compared to surface irrigation (IW: CPE 1.20) owing to coir pith’s favourable hydrological and physical properties to hold and spread the water in the raised bed area.
{"title":"Influence of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution with different irrigation regimes of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation under trickle irrigation system","authors":"Anbarasu Mariyappillai, G. Arumugam, Swaminathan Chitraputhira Pillai","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5478","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the AICRP Water Management field, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu to study the effect of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different irrigation regimes. Treatment consisted of 3 irrigation regimes, viz. I1 , Trickle irrigation at 120% Pan Evaporation (PE); I2 , 100% PE, and I3 , 80% PE. Experiment separately, maintained the surface irrigation of IW: CPE 1.20 as control. The well-composed coir pith @375 kg/ha was spread over the raised beds and leveled well with surface soil. Soil samples were collected in vertical and horizontal directions for determining soil moisture by gravimetric method. Soil moisture appropriation was plotted graphically as contour maps used by the surfer. Results revealed that trickle irrigation at 120% PE with coir pith application improved the yield attributes of aerobic rice compared to surface irrigation (IW: CPE 1.20) owing to coir pith’s favourable hydrological and physical properties to hold and spread the water in the raised bed area.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DE Keerthi, P. Saravanane, R. Poonguzhalan, S. Nadaradjan
A field experiment was conducted during October 2020–January 2021 at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry to study the effect of different seeding rates of [Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight] (Sesbania) in rice co-culture along with suitable post-emergence herbicides for brown manuring on crop productivity and energetics in wet seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of 10 treatments, viz. T1 ,Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @15 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T2 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T3 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T4 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @15 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T5 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T6 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T7 , rice alone with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T8 , rice alone with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T9 , hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (days after sowing); T10, unweeded control in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha recorded significantly lower total weed density (73.3 no./m2) and weed dry weight (37.0 g/m2). Significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR) (528.2 g/m2 /day), plant height (132.8 cm) and rice yield (4823 kg/ha) were observed under Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha which was comparable with Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha but superior to treatments without BM and eventually resulted in higher energy productivity (0.59 to 0.60 kg/MJ), energy profitability (7.74 to 7.77 kg/MJ) and the energy use efficiency (8.74 to 8.77). Thus, Sesbania seeding rate @25 kg/ha along with spraying either 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha or bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha for brown manuring could be recommended in wet seeded rice.
{"title":"Brown manuring for improved crop growth, yield and energetics of wet seeded-rice (Oryza sativa) in the coastal deltaic eco-system","authors":"DE Keerthi, P. Saravanane, R. Poonguzhalan, S. Nadaradjan","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5488","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during October 2020–January 2021 at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry to study the effect of different seeding rates of [Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight] (Sesbania) in rice co-culture along with suitable post-emergence herbicides for brown manuring on crop productivity and energetics in wet seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of 10 treatments, viz. T1 ,Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @15 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T2 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T3 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T4 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @15 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T5 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @20 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T6 , Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T7 , rice alone with 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha; T8 , rice alone with bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha; T9 , hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (days after sowing); T10, unweeded control in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Sesbania seeding rate for brown manuring (BM) @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha recorded significantly lower total weed density (73.3 no./m2) and weed dry weight (37.0 g/m2). Significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR) (528.2 g/m2 /day), plant height (132.8 cm) and rice yield (4823 kg/ha) were observed under Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha which was comparable with Sesbania seeding rate for BM @25 kg/ha + bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha but superior to treatments without BM and eventually resulted in higher energy productivity (0.59 to 0.60 kg/MJ), energy profitability (7.74 to 7.77 kg/MJ) and the energy use efficiency (8.74 to 8.77). Thus, Sesbania seeding rate @25 kg/ha along with spraying either 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha or bispyribac sodium 25 g/ha for brown manuring could be recommended in wet seeded rice.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to evaluate the dual purpose barley for higher remunerations through increased production of fodder and grain under different cutting schedules. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 5 fodder cutting management practices, viz. No fodder cut; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS (days after sowing) above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 10 cm cutting height in main plot and 4 dual purpose barley varieties, viz. ‘BH 393’, ‘BH 946’, ‘RD 2552’ and ‘RD 2715’ under sub-plots, replicated thrice. On the mean basis of 2 years experiment, maximum plant height, tillers/m2 and GFY (green fodder yield) were recorded with fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS irrespective of their cutting heights. Maximum GFY of 8.19 t/ha was found in variety ‘RD 2715’. At grain harvest, maximum effective tillers/m2 (415.2), no. of grains/ear-head (48.11), grain yield (4.82 t/ha) and straw yield (7.43 t/ha) were recorded in fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height. Among the varieties, ‘BH 946’ exhibited maximum effective tillers/m2 (416), test weight (45.51 g), grain yield (5.25 t/ha) and straw yield (7.62 t/ha). Highest benefit cost (B:C) ratio was fetched with the grain production after taking fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height (2.36) and barley variety ‘BH 946’ (2.61) among the tested dual-purpose barley varieties.
{"title":"Dual purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare) for better remunerations through higher fodder and grain production under different cutting schedules","authors":"Neelam, SURESH KUMAR, Satpal, V.S. HOODA, Shweta","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5484","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the research farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to evaluate the dual purpose barley for higher remunerations through increased production of fodder and grain under different cutting schedules. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 5 fodder cutting management practices, viz. No fodder cut; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS (days after sowing) above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 5 cm cutting height; Fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS above 10 cm cutting height in main plot and 4 dual purpose barley varieties, viz. ‘BH 393’, ‘BH 946’, ‘RD 2552’ and ‘RD 2715’ under sub-plots, replicated thrice. On the mean basis of 2 years experiment, maximum plant height, tillers/m2 and GFY (green fodder yield) were recorded with fodder cutting at 60–70 DAS irrespective of their cutting heights. Maximum GFY of 8.19 t/ha was found in variety ‘RD 2715’. At grain harvest, maximum effective tillers/m2 (415.2), no. of grains/ear-head (48.11), grain yield (4.82 t/ha) and straw yield (7.43 t/ha) were recorded in fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height. Among the varieties, ‘BH 946’ exhibited maximum effective tillers/m2 (416), test weight (45.51 g), grain yield (5.25 t/ha) and straw yield (7.62 t/ha). Highest benefit cost (B:C) ratio was fetched with the grain production after taking fodder cut at 50–60 DAS above 10 cm height (2.36) and barley variety ‘BH 946’ (2.61) among the tested dual-purpose barley varieties.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat to study the response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacs L.) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design (RBD) comprised of 6 irrigation treatments, viz. I0 , Surface irrigation; I1 , Control (only pre-sowing irrigation); I2 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.2 IW: CPE; I3 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.4 IW: CPE; I4 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.6 IW: CPE; and I5 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.8 IW:CPE with 4 replications. The results revealed that application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.8 had significant effect on plant height, inflorescence length (83.4 cm), grain yield (1,625 kg/ha) and straw yield (7,497 kg/ha) compared with control treatment (surface irrigation). Treatment 0.8 IW: CPE resulted in the 28.15% higher grain yield than the control. The highest water-use efficiency (WUE) (12.8 kg/ha-mm) was achieved by the treatment I1 (only pre-sowing irrigation). Consumptive use (mm) was found increased with increase in irrigation scheduling from I0 to I5 . The highest consumptive use of 179.3 mm was recorded under the treatment of 0.8 IW: CPE ratio. Irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE ratio fetched highest net returns of `54,701/ha, with benefit: cost (B:C) ratio 3.06 during both the years in pooled analysis.
{"title":"Response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation","authors":"Ashok N. Chaudhary, N. N. Prajapati, Jigar Desai","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5486","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat to study the response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacs L.) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design (RBD) comprised of 6 irrigation treatments, viz. I0 , Surface irrigation; I1 , Control (only pre-sowing irrigation); I2 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.2 IW: CPE; I3 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.4 IW: CPE; I4 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.6 IW: CPE; and I5 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.8 IW:CPE with 4 replications. The results revealed that application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.8 had significant effect on plant height, inflorescence length (83.4 cm), grain yield (1,625 kg/ha) and straw yield (7,497 kg/ha) compared with control treatment (surface irrigation). Treatment 0.8 IW: CPE resulted in the 28.15% higher grain yield than the control. The highest water-use efficiency (WUE) (12.8 kg/ha-mm) was achieved by the treatment I1 (only pre-sowing irrigation). Consumptive use (mm) was found increased with increase in irrigation scheduling from I0 to I5 . The highest consumptive use of 179.3 mm was recorded under the treatment of 0.8 IW: CPE ratio. Irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE ratio fetched highest net returns of `54,701/ha, with benefit: cost (B:C) ratio 3.06 during both the years in pooled analysis.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kunjam Hrudaya, S. P. Singh, Sant Prasad, Ved Prakash
A pot experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2020–21 at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus (Banaras Hindu University), Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of NPK on growth and yield attributes of late sown winter baby corn (Zea mays L.). Treatment consisted of 7 levels of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. NPK, viz. control; 20% RDF; 40% RDF; 60% RDF; 80% RDF; 100% RDF; and 120% RDF in completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Each increment in NPK levels, significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters of baby corn, viz. plant height, leaf area/plant, number of leaves/plant, chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b, dry weight/plant, first cob harvest and total harvest period, baby cobs/plant, baby corn length and girth, baby cob and baby corn weight, baby cob:baby corn ratio, baby cob, corn and fodder yield (g/plant) up to the highest level than other treatments. The results suggest that late sown winter baby corn can be applied with 150– 75–50 kg NPK/ha for higher yields.
{"title":"Growth and yield of late sown winter baby corn (Zea mays) as influenced by NPK levels","authors":"Kunjam Hrudaya, S. P. Singh, Sant Prasad, Ved Prakash","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5492","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2020–21 at research farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus (Banaras Hindu University), Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of NPK on growth and yield attributes of late sown winter baby corn (Zea mays L.). Treatment consisted of 7 levels of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) i.e. NPK, viz. control; 20% RDF; 40% RDF; 60% RDF; 80% RDF; 100% RDF; and 120% RDF in completely randomized design, replicated thrice. Each increment in NPK levels, significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters of baby corn, viz. plant height, leaf area/plant, number of leaves/plant, chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b, dry weight/plant, first cob harvest and total harvest period, baby cobs/plant, baby corn length and girth, baby cob and baby corn weight, baby cob:baby corn ratio, baby cob, corn and fodder yield (g/plant) up to the highest level than other treatments. The results suggest that late sown winter baby corn can be applied with 150– 75–50 kg NPK/ha for higher yields.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tigangam P. Gangmei, Navneet Kaur, Alisha Thakur, K. K. Sahu, Anil Kumar, S. Sandal, S. Manuja
A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 and winter (rabi) season of 2019–20 at the Water Management Research Farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to study the effect of moisture and nutrient management practices on different soil microbial entities and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Treatments comprised of 3 irrigation levels, viz. Recommended critical stages regimes; Irrigation at 0.8 CPE (cumulative pan evaporation) (rice) and 0.6 CPE (wheat); Irrigation at 1.0 CPE (rice) and 1.0 CPE (wheat) assigned to main-plots and 4 nutrient management practices, viz. Inorganic; Organic; Natural farming; and Integrated management allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation at critical stages resulted in significantly higher rice yield, bacterial, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), actinomycetes population. However, fungi population increased under higher moisture regimes. In case of wheat crop, irrigation at 1.0 CPE resulted in a significantly higher yield (7.5% higher over irrigation at critical stages) in both the years of study. Organic and integrated nutrient management practices being statistically at par with each other recorded significantly higher microbial population. A significantly higher fungi population was, however, recorded with natural farming. The highest crop yields were obtained with integrated nutrient management (3.4 t/ha rice and 3.6 t/ha wheat in second year). The best combination for rice was irrigation at critical stages along with integrated nutrient management. Whereas, for wheat irrigation at 1.0 CPE with same nutrient management proved to be the best. Hence it is recommended to follow integrated nutrient management and irrigation at critical stages in rice and at 1.0 CPE in wheat for higher productivity as well as for improved biological properties of soil.
{"title":"Microbial population and yield of rice–wheat system under variable irrigation and nutrient management","authors":"Tigangam P. Gangmei, Navneet Kaur, Alisha Thakur, K. K. Sahu, Anil Kumar, S. Sandal, S. Manuja","doi":"10.59797/ija.v69i1.5476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i1.5476","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2018–19 and winter (rabi) season of 2019–20 at the Water Management Research Farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to study the effect of moisture and nutrient management practices on different soil microbial entities and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Treatments comprised of 3 irrigation levels, viz. Recommended critical stages regimes; Irrigation at 0.8 CPE (cumulative pan evaporation) (rice) and 0.6 CPE (wheat); Irrigation at 1.0 CPE (rice) and 1.0 CPE (wheat) assigned to main-plots and 4 nutrient management practices, viz. Inorganic; Organic; Natural farming; and Integrated management allotted to sub-plots. Irrigation at critical stages resulted in significantly higher rice yield, bacterial, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), actinomycetes population. However, fungi population increased under higher moisture regimes. In case of wheat crop, irrigation at 1.0 CPE resulted in a significantly higher yield (7.5% higher over irrigation at critical stages) in both the years of study. Organic and integrated nutrient management practices being statistically at par with each other recorded significantly higher microbial population. A significantly higher fungi population was, however, recorded with natural farming. The highest crop yields were obtained with integrated nutrient management (3.4 t/ha rice and 3.6 t/ha wheat in second year). The best combination for rice was irrigation at critical stages along with integrated nutrient management. Whereas, for wheat irrigation at 1.0 CPE with same nutrient management proved to be the best. Hence it is recommended to follow integrated nutrient management and irrigation at critical stages in rice and at 1.0 CPE in wheat for higher productivity as well as for improved biological properties of soil.","PeriodicalId":35528,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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