Pub Date : 2019-05-02DOI: 10.20961/MEKANIKA.V18I1.35043
Rovilla Kennedy, Eko Surojo, W. W. Raharjo
Brake pad is one of the components of a motor vehicle which is served to slow or stop the rate of vehicle. The brake pad of automotive vehicle on the market is divided into three types that are an OEM (original equipment manufacturer), OES (original equipment spare parts) and AM (aftermarket). The brake pad operates under various conditions of dry or wet sliding. The majority of researchers investigated brake pad characteristic on dry sliding. Studies of wet braking behavior are rare in the tribology literature. Therefore, this research performed testing of friction characteristics of dry and wet sliding by using brake pad type OES and AM on a passenger vehicle. Each brake pad tested using the machine pin on disc tribometer type and observed using SEM. The result showed that the brake pad type OES has a good stability on testing dry sliding and wet sliding. In addition, passenger type brake pad OES has specific wear low so more durable in used. Meanwhile the results of SEM showed that the friction layer were not formed during wet sliding.
{"title":"STUDI KARAKTERISTIK KAMPAS REM KENDARAAN PENUMPANG TYPE OES (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT SPAREPART) DAN AM (AFTER MARKET) PADA DRY DAN WET SLIDING","authors":"Rovilla Kennedy, Eko Surojo, W. W. Raharjo","doi":"10.20961/MEKANIKA.V18I1.35043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/MEKANIKA.V18I1.35043","url":null,"abstract":"Brake pad is one of the components of a motor vehicle which is served to slow or stop the rate of vehicle. The brake pad of automotive vehicle on the market is divided into three types that are an OEM (original equipment manufacturer), OES (original equipment spare parts) and AM (aftermarket). The brake pad operates under various conditions of dry or wet sliding. The majority of researchers investigated brake pad characteristic on dry sliding. Studies of wet braking behavior are rare in the tribology literature. Therefore, this research performed testing of friction characteristics of dry and wet sliding by using brake pad type OES and AM on a passenger vehicle. Each brake pad tested using the machine pin on disc tribometer type and observed using SEM. The result showed that the brake pad type OES has a good stability on testing dry sliding and wet sliding. In addition, passenger type brake pad OES has specific wear low so more durable in used. Meanwhile the results of SEM showed that the friction layer were not formed during wet sliding.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116005326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35048
T. Hidayat, J. Triyono, Abu Masykur
The incidence of fractures in Indonesia is quite high so it needs biomaterials in the field of health that is economical and environmentally friendly. Bovine bone waste can be used for grafting, repairing, replenishing or replacing bones and restoring dental tissue. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the content of the coffee grounds and shellac will disappear after the sintering process, and how the effects of coffee grounds on the porosity and degradation rate of BHA biocomposite materials. This research uses heating method of calcination and sintering. Based on the analysis of test data conducted, it was concluded that SEM EDX observation shows the presence of inorganic elements of Ca and P with high intensity and Na, Mg, O and C with low intensity. Observation of XRD diffraction pattern shows 2θ values of the sample according to the standard diffraction pattern of HA JCPDS 9-432. FTIR functional group analysis showed no major peak points other than phosphate functional groups ( ), carbonates ( ) and hydroxyl (OH-). From these three observations indicate that the content of coffee and shellac dregs has disappeared completely when the sintering process and leaving only the content of BHA and the more mixture of coffee dregs used will decrease the density value and increase the number of porus and accelerate the degradation rate.
{"title":"Karakteristisasi dan Profil Biodegradasi Material Biokomposit Bovine Hidroksiapatit (Bha)/Ampas Kopi/Shellac","authors":"T. Hidayat, J. Triyono, Abu Masykur","doi":"10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35048","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of fractures in Indonesia is quite high so it needs biomaterials in the field of health that is economical and environmentally friendly. Bovine bone waste can be used for grafting, repairing, replenishing or replacing bones and restoring dental tissue. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the content of the coffee grounds and shellac will disappear after the sintering process, and how the effects of coffee grounds on the porosity and degradation rate of BHA biocomposite materials. This research uses heating method of calcination and sintering. Based on the analysis of test data conducted, it was concluded that SEM EDX observation shows the presence of inorganic elements of Ca and P with high intensity and Na, Mg, O and C with low intensity. Observation of XRD diffraction pattern shows 2θ values of the sample according to the standard diffraction pattern of HA JCPDS 9-432. FTIR functional group analysis showed no major peak points other than phosphate functional groups ( ), carbonates ( ) and hydroxyl (OH-). From these three observations indicate that the content of coffee and shellac dregs has disappeared completely when the sintering process and leaving only the content of BHA and the more mixture of coffee dregs used will decrease the density value and increase the number of porus and accelerate the degradation rate.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114284441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35047
G. Wicaksana, T. Triyono, Nurul Muhayat
Aluminum alloy 7075 is a combination that are consists of 5,5% Zn, 2,5% Mn, 1,5% Cu, 0,3% Cr and 0,2% Mn. Heat treatment phase is using flame heating method. There are 3 steps of dissolution in flame heating process. The first is heat treatment solution in the temperature between 450-500°C. The second is quenching phase using flow speed variation 1000; 1200 and 1400 cc/minute and the third phase is using aging which to hold the room temperature until reaching 120°C. Specimen test phase using vickers hardness test, micro structure and impact test. Flame heating treatment process in 1000 cc/minute quenching cause specimen become harder, using hardness test 93,43 VHN is achieved. With additional aging treatment, the hardness increase to 152,63 VHN and almost close 153,80 VHN raw material. The biggest Impact test value is gained from the result of flame heating without aging with cooling flow variation of 1000 cc/minute is 0,630 J/mm².
{"title":"Pengaruh Debit Air Pendingin pada Proses Flame Heating terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanik Aluminium 7075","authors":"G. Wicaksana, T. Triyono, Nurul Muhayat","doi":"10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35047","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum alloy 7075 is a combination that are consists of 5,5% Zn, 2,5% Mn, 1,5% Cu, 0,3% Cr and 0,2% Mn. Heat treatment phase is using flame heating method. There are 3 steps of dissolution in flame heating process. The first is heat treatment solution in the temperature between 450-500°C. The second is quenching phase using flow speed variation 1000; 1200 and 1400 cc/minute and the third phase is using aging which to hold the room temperature until reaching 120°C. Specimen test phase using vickers hardness test, micro structure and impact test. Flame heating treatment process in 1000 cc/minute quenching cause specimen become harder, using hardness test 93,43 VHN is achieved. With additional aging treatment, the hardness increase to 152,63 VHN and almost close 153,80 VHN raw material. The biggest Impact test value is gained from the result of flame heating without aging with cooling flow variation of 1000 cc/minute is 0,630 J/mm².","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35044
Ciptadi Natawiguna, Nurul Muhayat, T. Triyono
Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of aluminum alloy AA6063-T5 will decrease the strength and hardness. Physical and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy can be improved by heat treatment. Heat treatment is affected by temperature and holding time. The heat treatment process used for this research was solution heat treatment with temperature variation 470, 500, 530 oC and holding time 1 and 2 hours. The tests included microstructure test, tensile shear test and vickers hardness test. Result of the research, it was found that Mg2Si particles were precipitated from the grain boundaries part into the aluminum matrix with the coarser size and the distance was increasing as the temperature and the holding time increases. The highest shear tensile strength of 3735,2 N was obtained from the temperature variation of 470 oC and the holding time of 1 hour. The lowest tensile shear strength of 3172,6 N was obtained from temperature variation of 530 oC and 2 hours of holding time. The highest hardness value was obtained of 470 oC variation and 1 hour was 43,7 HVN and the lowest hardness value at 530 oC variation and 2 hours of holding time was 30,1 HVN.
{"title":"Pengaruh Solution Heat Treatment terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanik Proses Pengelasan Fssw AA6063-T5","authors":"Ciptadi Natawiguna, Nurul Muhayat, T. Triyono","doi":"10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35044","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of aluminum alloy AA6063-T5 will decrease the strength and hardness. Physical and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy can be improved by heat treatment. Heat treatment is affected by temperature and holding time. The heat treatment process used for this research was solution heat treatment with temperature variation 470, 500, 530 oC and holding time 1 and 2 hours. The tests included microstructure test, tensile shear test and vickers hardness test. Result of the research, it was found that Mg2Si particles were precipitated from the grain boundaries part into the aluminum matrix with the coarser size and the distance was increasing as the temperature and the holding time increases. The highest shear tensile strength of 3735,2 N was obtained from the temperature variation of 470 oC and the holding time of 1 hour. The lowest tensile shear strength of 3172,6 N was obtained from temperature variation of 530 oC and 2 hours of holding time. The highest hardness value was obtained of 470 oC variation and 1 hour was 43,7 HVN and the lowest hardness value at 530 oC variation and 2 hours of holding time was 30,1 HVN.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"76 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134196982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35045
Ulil Albab AlFaruq, Budi Santoso, C. Apribowo
This paper presents the design of electrical system in Menara One apartment. Electrical system calculation based on PUIL 2000 method. The conductor uses 1.25 times the nominal current as a safety factor. The calculation of voltage drop based on total load, length, and area of conductor. Total load is calculated from apartment room and apartment utility load. Total load results are used to determine generator capacity and transformer. The load capacities apartment rooms are 2.2 kVA for type 1 and 3.5 kVA for type 2-6. The total of utility load is 215.8 k VA. The maximum installed room for the apartment is 982.31 kVA with voltage drop from the farthest panel to the LVMDP is 1.89%.
{"title":"Perencanaan Sistem Elektrikal pada Apartemen Menara One Surakarta","authors":"Ulil Albab AlFaruq, Budi Santoso, C. Apribowo","doi":"10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/mekanika.v17i1.35045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of electrical system in Menara One apartment. Electrical system calculation based on PUIL 2000 method. The conductor uses 1.25 times the nominal current as a safety factor. The calculation of voltage drop based on total load, length, and area of conductor. Total load is calculated from apartment room and apartment utility load. Total load results are used to determine generator capacity and transformer. The load capacities apartment rooms are 2.2 kVA for type 1 and 3.5 kVA for type 2-6. The total of utility load is 215.8 k VA. The maximum installed room for the apartment is 982.31 kVA with voltage drop from the farthest panel to the LVMDP is 1.89%.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-19DOI: 10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35046
Wahid Ramadhan, Nurul Muhayat, T. Triyono
Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a development from solid state welding to jointa different materials (dissimilar). Dissimilar FSSW is widely used in the automotive industry due to the advantages of joining these two materials with weight savings while exploiting the best strength. This research aims to know the effect of welding parameters of rotation speed and tool diameter on mechanical properties on dissimilar FSSW aluminum alloy 5052 and SS400 steel. Variations in rotational speed used is 800, 1250, 1600, 2000 rpm and tool diameter 10, 12, 14 mm. Plunge depth and dwell time in this research were made uniform. This research used a lap joint configuration with aluminum plate placed on the top and steel plate placed on the bottom. Physical characteristics were analyzed through observation of macro and microstructures, while mechanical characteristics through vickers hardness testing and shear tensile testing. The results indicate that the diameter of 10 mm tool and 1600 rpm rotation speed produce the highest tensile shear load value of 2.4 kN with interface fracture.
{"title":"Pengaruh variasi kecepatan putar dan diameter tool terhadap sifat mekanik sambungan fssw aluminium alloy 5052 dan baja ss400","authors":"Wahid Ramadhan, Nurul Muhayat, T. Triyono","doi":"10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20961/MEKANIKA.V17I1.35046","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a development from solid state welding to jointa different materials (dissimilar). Dissimilar FSSW is widely used in the automotive industry due to the advantages of joining these two materials with weight savings while exploiting the best strength. This research aims to know the effect of welding parameters of rotation speed and tool diameter on mechanical properties on dissimilar FSSW aluminum alloy 5052 and SS400 steel. Variations in rotational speed used is 800, 1250, 1600, 2000 rpm and tool diameter 10, 12, 14 mm. Plunge depth and dwell time in this research were made uniform. This research used a lap joint configuration with aluminum plate placed on the top and steel plate placed on the bottom. Physical characteristics were analyzed through observation of macro and microstructures, while mechanical characteristics through vickers hardness testing and shear tensile testing. The results indicate that the diameter of 10 mm tool and 1600 rpm rotation speed produce the highest tensile shear load value of 2.4 kN with interface fracture.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129326501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-16DOI: 10.14710/ROTASI.19.3.165-171
Arjuna Aji
The use of ethanol as a mixture of premium is for reducing dependency to the primuim, considering that premium is not renewable. The goal of the ethanol addition in a fuel is to increase the octane number. However the heating value of the ethanol is lower then premium, so it will decrease the performance of the SI engine. The study aimed for increasing the performance of SI engine using E25 as mixture of premium-ethanol. The performance of engine was measured by engine test bed on chassis. Change load method is used in the experiment. The experiments result is advancing the time of ignition at 4 degree that can improve the engine performance. The result of changes load use E25 fuel with advanced time of ignition at 4 degree can increase engine performance as torque, power, bmep, efficiency thermal and bsfc were decrease.
{"title":"Studi eksperimental pengaturan waktu pengapian pada mesin 4 langkah 1 silinder berbahan bakar E25","authors":"Arjuna Aji","doi":"10.14710/ROTASI.19.3.165-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/ROTASI.19.3.165-171","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ethanol as a mixture of premium is for reducing dependency to the primuim, considering that premium is not renewable. The goal of the ethanol addition in a fuel is to increase the octane number. However the heating value of the ethanol is lower then premium, so it will decrease the performance of the SI engine. The study aimed for increasing the performance of SI engine using E25 as mixture of premium-ethanol. The performance of engine was measured by engine test bed on chassis. Change load method is used in the experiment. The experiments result is advancing the time of ignition at 4 degree that can improve the engine performance. The result of changes load use E25 fuel with advanced time of ignition at 4 degree can increase engine performance as torque, power, bmep, efficiency thermal and bsfc were decrease.","PeriodicalId":356258,"journal":{"name":"Mekanika: Majalah Ilmiah Mekanika","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124606359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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