Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2139925
G. G. Clarke
Dear Readers, Welcome to the final issue of The International Trade Journal (ITJ)’s thirtysixth volume. The articles in this issue focus on technology and telecommunications. The first three articles look at different aspects of the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and international trade. The fourth article looks at intellectual property rights provisions of international trade agreements. The fifth article looks at innovation by palm oil exporters in Colombia, while the final article looks at India’s draft e-commerce policy. The first article in this issue, by Simon Abendin, Duan Pingfang, and Etse Nkukpornu, looks at how ICT use has affected trade between the 15 countries in the Economic Community of West African States. Their measure of digital technology takes into account electronic sharing of information, big data use, cross-border e-commerce, mobile and fixed broadband use, basic and advanced digital skills, internet use, and the availability of digital public services. They combine their different measures into a single index using principal component analysis. They find that countries that use digital technologies more intensively trade more with other countries in the region than do countries that have adopted digital technologies less aggressively. The second article, by Radovan Kastratović and Predrag Bjelić, also looks at the relationship between ICT use and exports in 32 European countries. They use three separate variables to capture different aspects of ICT use: percent of turnover from e-commerce, percent of workers that use internet connected computers, and the share of the population that has interacted with public officials over the Internet. They analyze how ICT use has affected service, manufacturing, and agricultural exports. The only measure of ICT use that is consistently associated with exports is the measure of e-commerce. Countries where e-commerce is better developed have higher service and manufacturing exports than other countries. They do not, however, have higher agricultural exports. In contrast, the other two measures are not significantly correlated with any of the three export variables. The third article, by Reth Soeng and Ludo Cuyvers, also looks at how ICT development affects trade, focusing on Cambodia’s service exports. They describe the legal, institutional, and policy framework in the country and look at how the sector’s development has affected Cambodia’s service exports. Using panel data from between 1995 and 2012, they find that ICT development is positively
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"G. G. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2139925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2139925","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Readers, Welcome to the final issue of The International Trade Journal (ITJ)’s thirtysixth volume. The articles in this issue focus on technology and telecommunications. The first three articles look at different aspects of the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and international trade. The fourth article looks at intellectual property rights provisions of international trade agreements. The fifth article looks at innovation by palm oil exporters in Colombia, while the final article looks at India’s draft e-commerce policy. The first article in this issue, by Simon Abendin, Duan Pingfang, and Etse Nkukpornu, looks at how ICT use has affected trade between the 15 countries in the Economic Community of West African States. Their measure of digital technology takes into account electronic sharing of information, big data use, cross-border e-commerce, mobile and fixed broadband use, basic and advanced digital skills, internet use, and the availability of digital public services. They combine their different measures into a single index using principal component analysis. They find that countries that use digital technologies more intensively trade more with other countries in the region than do countries that have adopted digital technologies less aggressively. The second article, by Radovan Kastratović and Predrag Bjelić, also looks at the relationship between ICT use and exports in 32 European countries. They use three separate variables to capture different aspects of ICT use: percent of turnover from e-commerce, percent of workers that use internet connected computers, and the share of the population that has interacted with public officials over the Internet. They analyze how ICT use has affected service, manufacturing, and agricultural exports. The only measure of ICT use that is consistently associated with exports is the measure of e-commerce. Countries where e-commerce is better developed have higher service and manufacturing exports than other countries. They do not, however, have higher agricultural exports. In contrast, the other two measures are not significantly correlated with any of the three export variables. The third article, by Reth Soeng and Ludo Cuyvers, also looks at how ICT development affects trade, focusing on Cambodia’s service exports. They describe the legal, institutional, and policy framework in the country and look at how the sector’s development has affected Cambodia’s service exports. Using panel data from between 1995 and 2012, they find that ICT development is positively","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"475 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41835217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2134233
J. Payne, Ş. Nazlıoğlu, Andrea Mervar, F. Niroomand
ABSTRACT This study extends the literature with respect to economic policy uncertainty measures and tourism flows to Croatia through the use of the Toda and Yamamoto modeling approach with a Fourier approximation to capture structural breaks. The results show that domestic economic policy uncertainty does not have a significant impact on tourist overnight stays. However, an increase in European economic policy uncertainty reduces total and domestic tourist overnight stays. An increase in COVID-19 cases has a negative and significant impact on total, domestic, and foreign tourist overnight stays, and contributes to increases in both Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty.
{"title":"Economic Policy Uncertainty, COVID-19, and Tourist Stays in Croatia: Evidence from a Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Modeling Approach","authors":"J. Payne, Ş. Nazlıoğlu, Andrea Mervar, F. Niroomand","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2134233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2134233","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study extends the literature with respect to economic policy uncertainty measures and tourism flows to Croatia through the use of the Toda and Yamamoto modeling approach with a Fourier approximation to capture structural breaks. The results show that domestic economic policy uncertainty does not have a significant impact on tourist overnight stays. However, an increase in European economic policy uncertainty reduces total and domestic tourist overnight stays. An increase in COVID-19 cases has a negative and significant impact on total, domestic, and foreign tourist overnight stays, and contributes to increases in both Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"7 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2134947
T. Ahmed, Q. Malik, Babar Zaheer Butt, Muhammad Aksar
ABSTRACT The research objective is to determine the curvilinear influence of trading of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) on the extent of tunneling, while corporate governance moderates this relationship. Data was gathered from 50 non-financial firms for 11 years (2009 to 2019) from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was applied and results supported the objectives of this study. Involvement of FIIs may contribute to the enhancement of market discipline but may also create problems. Thus, policymakers require protecting the rights of minor shareholders against adverse influence.
{"title":"Role of Corporate Governance to Restrict Tunneling Activities of Foreign Institutional Investors in the Pakistan Stock Market","authors":"T. Ahmed, Q. Malik, Babar Zaheer Butt, Muhammad Aksar","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2134947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2134947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research objective is to determine the curvilinear influence of trading of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) on the extent of tunneling, while corporate governance moderates this relationship. Data was gathered from 50 non-financial firms for 11 years (2009 to 2019) from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was applied and results supported the objectives of this study. Involvement of FIIs may contribute to the enhancement of market discipline but may also create problems. Thus, policymakers require protecting the rights of minor shareholders against adverse influence.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"389 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2128478
Melody Lo, D. Lien, David C. Bojanic
ABSTRACT It has been recognized that cultural institute programs that first started after World War II and aim to improve language familiarity and cultural awareness are beneficial for FDI and trade. We use gravity models to examine the impact from both the German Goethe-Institut and Chinese Confucius Institute (two large-scaled cultural institute programs) on tourism arrivals, a form of international trade. We find a positive impact on tourism arrivals from the Confucius Institute program but a negative impact from the Goethe-Institut program. In addition, both the Goethe-Institut and Confucius Institute programs help to reduce the impact of linguistic distance on international tourism.
{"title":"The Impact of Cultural Institutes on International Tourism","authors":"Melody Lo, D. Lien, David C. Bojanic","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2128478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2128478","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has been recognized that cultural institute programs that first started after World War II and aim to improve language familiarity and cultural awareness are beneficial for FDI and trade. We use gravity models to examine the impact from both the German Goethe-Institut and Chinese Confucius Institute (two large-scaled cultural institute programs) on tourism arrivals, a form of international trade. We find a positive impact on tourism arrivals from the Confucius Institute program but a negative impact from the Goethe-Institut program. In addition, both the Goethe-Institut and Confucius Institute programs help to reduce the impact of linguistic distance on international tourism.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48936279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2134234
Shawn T. Miller
{"title":"Political Capitalism: How Economic and Political Power is Made and Maintained","authors":"Shawn T. Miller","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2134234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2134234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"152 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2128945
Yvonne Umulisa
ABSTRACT This study uses a panel of 31 African countries for a period of 17 years to assess whether trade integration among these countries has led to the synchronization of their business cycle. This is an important issue to consider for entry into a monetary union. Unlike most previous studies, a time-varying index is applied to measure business cycle synchronization. The heterogeneous panel estimators reveal a positive relationship between the two variables among these African countries. This empirical finding should be considered by the East African Community (EAC) authorities for further debate on the readiness of the EAC Monetary Union.
{"title":"Trade Integration and Business Cycle Synchronization among East African Community Countries","authors":"Yvonne Umulisa","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2128945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2128945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses a panel of 31 African countries for a period of 17 years to assess whether trade integration among these countries has led to the synchronization of their business cycle. This is an important issue to consider for entry into a monetary union. Unlike most previous studies, a time-varying index is applied to measure business cycle synchronization. The heterogeneous panel estimators reveal a positive relationship between the two variables among these African countries. This empirical finding should be considered by the East African Community (EAC) authorities for further debate on the readiness of the EAC Monetary Union.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"240 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2125460
Radovan Kastratović, Predrag Bjelić
ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate if the greater development of e-commerce affects exports. Furthermore, we consider how other aspects of information and communication technology, including e-government and the prevalence of internet use in the workforce, affect exports on the sector level. The system generalized method of moments was applied to estimate a dynamic exports model using panel data on 32 European countries in the period of 2009 to 2017. Our findings indicate that only e-commerce positively affects exports, particularly in the service and manufacturing sectors. The results imply that e-commerce development could be used as an export-enhancing policy instrument.
{"title":"E-commerce and Exports in Europe: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach","authors":"Radovan Kastratović, Predrag Bjelić","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2125460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2125460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate if the greater development of e-commerce affects exports. Furthermore, we consider how other aspects of information and communication technology, including e-government and the prevalence of internet use in the workforce, affect exports on the sector level. The system generalized method of moments was applied to estimate a dynamic exports model using panel data on 32 European countries in the period of 2009 to 2017. Our findings indicate that only e-commerce positively affects exports, particularly in the service and manufacturing sectors. The results imply that e-commerce development could be used as an export-enhancing policy instrument.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"502 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46091366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2022.2111006
Andrew Muhammad, Jada M. Thompson
{"title":"Whiskey, Brexit, and the Trade War","authors":"Andrew Muhammad, Jada M. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2022.2111006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2022.2111006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46545419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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