Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2198270
Melissa Shirah, K. Briggs, Sijing Wei
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on bilateral trade of accounting services. Applying the gravity model to a sample of 13 exporting and 33 importing countries for five years (2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, and 2017), we find that accounting services exports are unaffected by whether both trade partners have jointly adopted IFRS. As a secondary analysis, accounting services exports are found to decrease when trade partners are more dissimilar in their per capita income, with weak evidence that this effect may be muted if both countries adopt IFRS.
{"title":"International Financial Reporting Standards and Bilateral Accounting Services Exports","authors":"Melissa Shirah, K. Briggs, Sijing Wei","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2198270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2198270","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on bilateral trade of accounting services. Applying the gravity model to a sample of 13 exporting and 33 importing countries for five years (2001, 2002, 2007, 2008, and 2017), we find that accounting services exports are unaffected by whether both trade partners have jointly adopted IFRS. As a secondary analysis, accounting services exports are found to decrease when trade partners are more dissimilar in their per capita income, with weak evidence that this effect may be muted if both countries adopt IFRS.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"367 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2185704
Gabriel Mhonyera, E. Steenkamp, M. Matthee, Susara J. Jansen van Rensburg
ABSTRACT The SACU and US trade relationship continues to be dominated by AGOA. Given the lingering uncertainty surrounding its renewal post-2025, this article recommends the SACU to be proactive and reengage the US in the negotiation of a reciprocal trade agreement that builds on AGOA and deepens the parties’ trade relationships. However, trade negotiation processes can be challenging. The literature on product-level prioritization specifically designed to inform trade negotiations is also sparse. Hence, this article proposes a product-level prioritization method, suggested for implementation in the preparation phase of the bilateral trade negotiation process. The method can be applied in any bilateral trade negotiation setting.
{"title":"Developing a Product-Level Prioritization Method for Bilateral Trade Negotiations","authors":"Gabriel Mhonyera, E. Steenkamp, M. Matthee, Susara J. Jansen van Rensburg","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2185704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2185704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The SACU and US trade relationship continues to be dominated by AGOA. Given the lingering uncertainty surrounding its renewal post-2025, this article recommends the SACU to be proactive and reengage the US in the negotiation of a reciprocal trade agreement that builds on AGOA and deepens the parties’ trade relationships. However, trade negotiation processes can be challenging. The literature on product-level prioritization specifically designed to inform trade negotiations is also sparse. Hence, this article proposes a product-level prioritization method, suggested for implementation in the preparation phase of the bilateral trade negotiation process. The method can be applied in any bilateral trade negotiation setting.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"519 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2174215
M. Moreira, Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Filipe Lage, Federico Merchán
ABSTRACT We use the China shock in Brazil as a quasi-natural experiment to revisit the impact of trade on firm productivity, innovation, and employment. The results corroborate some of the key findings of trade liberalization literature of the 1990s, pointing to a positive although modest effect of trade on productivity. They also point to relatively modest job losses. They raise questions, though, about the effects on innovation, contradicting the positive estimates of the 1990s. This mismatch between productivity and innovation questions the ability of trade policy to deliver sustainable productivity growth on its own.
{"title":"The China Shock on Manufacturing in Brazil: Lessons on Productivity, Innovation, and Jobs","authors":"M. Moreira, Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Filipe Lage, Federico Merchán","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2174215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2174215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We use the China shock in Brazil as a quasi-natural experiment to revisit the impact of trade on firm productivity, innovation, and employment. The results corroborate some of the key findings of trade liberalization literature of the 1990s, pointing to a positive although modest effect of trade on productivity. They also point to relatively modest job losses. They raise questions, though, about the effects on innovation, contradicting the positive estimates of the 1990s. This mismatch between productivity and innovation questions the ability of trade policy to deliver sustainable productivity growth on its own.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"266 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42061777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2172765
G. Clarke
Dear Readers, Welcome to the second issue of The International Trade Journal (ITJ)’s thirty-seventh volume. The articles in this issue focus on regional integration and regional trade agreements. The first three articles look at different aspects of regional trade agreements, while the final two articles look at broader issues related to regional integration. The first article, by Yash Parakh and Anwesha Aditya, looks at the economic, political, and cultural factors that affect whether countries form regional trade agreements (RTAs) with each other. In addition to economic factors such as market size and distance, they find that political and cultural factors are also important. On the political side, they find liberal democracies and countries that have a military alliance are more likely to enter into an RTA. Countries that have a common language are also more likely to enter an agreement. In contrast, colonial heritage negatively impacts how likely countries are to enter an RTA. The second article, by Zouheir El-Sahli, looks at the effect of the Greater Arab Free Trade Agreement (GAFTA) on trade and economic welfare in the Middle East and North Africa. Using a gravity model, the author estimates that the agreement increased trade between countries in the region by about 40%. Although the relative increase was large relative to pre-GAFTA trade, this was from a low base. As a result, intra-GAFTA trade accounted for less than 10% of the countries’ total trade almost 20 years after GAFTA came into effect. By comparison, intra-EU and intra-NAFTA trade accounted for about 45 and 25% of total trade for countries in these regions. Because of this, the agreement had only a very modest impact on wages or total trade for countries in the GAFTA region. The authors argue that this might be because GAFTA is a relatively shallow trade agreement. The third article, by Francisco Benita, looks at how regional trade agreements performed during and following the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis. The article looks at trade between member countries of five regional groupings: the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Arab Maghreb Union, and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). It also looks at trade between members of these countries and nonmember
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"G. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2172765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2172765","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Readers, Welcome to the second issue of The International Trade Journal (ITJ)’s thirty-seventh volume. The articles in this issue focus on regional integration and regional trade agreements. The first three articles look at different aspects of regional trade agreements, while the final two articles look at broader issues related to regional integration. The first article, by Yash Parakh and Anwesha Aditya, looks at the economic, political, and cultural factors that affect whether countries form regional trade agreements (RTAs) with each other. In addition to economic factors such as market size and distance, they find that political and cultural factors are also important. On the political side, they find liberal democracies and countries that have a military alliance are more likely to enter into an RTA. Countries that have a common language are also more likely to enter an agreement. In contrast, colonial heritage negatively impacts how likely countries are to enter an RTA. The second article, by Zouheir El-Sahli, looks at the effect of the Greater Arab Free Trade Agreement (GAFTA) on trade and economic welfare in the Middle East and North Africa. Using a gravity model, the author estimates that the agreement increased trade between countries in the region by about 40%. Although the relative increase was large relative to pre-GAFTA trade, this was from a low base. As a result, intra-GAFTA trade accounted for less than 10% of the countries’ total trade almost 20 years after GAFTA came into effect. By comparison, intra-EU and intra-NAFTA trade accounted for about 45 and 25% of total trade for countries in these regions. Because of this, the agreement had only a very modest impact on wages or total trade for countries in the GAFTA region. The authors argue that this might be because GAFTA is a relatively shallow trade agreement. The third article, by Francisco Benita, looks at how regional trade agreements performed during and following the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis. The article looks at trade between member countries of five regional groupings: the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Arab Maghreb Union, and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). It also looks at trade between members of these countries and nonmember","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"75 ","pages":"155 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41273353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2170931
X. Nguyen
ABSTRACT Financial constraint is detrimental to firm productivity but has been less explored in the literature. In this empirical study, I fill this gap by using a rich Vietnamese firm-level dataset for manufacturing firms over the period of 2010 to 2015 to estimate a total factor productivity (TFP) model augmented with financial factors. The estimation results indicate that sufficient internal financing and the development of the financial sector boost firm productivity, whereas the leverage ratio has a negative impact on firm productivity. I also provide the heterogeneous impact of financial development on firm productivity across different firm sizes as well as different trade modes.
{"title":"Financial Constraints and Firm Productivity in Vietnamese Manufacturing Industries","authors":"X. Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2170931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2170931","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Financial constraint is detrimental to firm productivity but has been less explored in the literature. In this empirical study, I fill this gap by using a rich Vietnamese firm-level dataset for manufacturing firms over the period of 2010 to 2015 to estimate a total factor productivity (TFP) model augmented with financial factors. The estimation results indicate that sufficient internal financing and the development of the financial sector boost firm productivity, whereas the leverage ratio has a negative impact on firm productivity. I also provide the heterogeneous impact of financial development on firm productivity across different firm sizes as well as different trade modes.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"331 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45774659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761276
Yuxi Zheng, Saif Hamdan, Jonathan Siktberg, Jonathan Barnett, Sylvia L Groth, Nathan Podoll, Laura Wayman, Jennifer L Lindsey
Purpose Microscopic ophthalmic surgery requires an understanding of three-dimensional (3D) spaces within the eye. Recently, there has been an increase in 3D video training tools in health care. Studies have evaluated the efficacy of 3D tutorials in general surgery, but little has been published within ophthalmology. We present a randomized study evaluating differences in surgically naïve trainees after watching either a 2D or 3D phacoemulsification tutorial. Design This was a double-blind, randomized study. A group of third and fourth year medical students at our institution were randomized with stratified randomization based on prior surgical courses to control for differences in baseline surgical skill. The two study arms were watching 2D or 3D instructional videos on phacoemulsification (Richard Mackool). Methods Participants received a preliminary survey and participated in an hour-long microscopic surgery session. During the session, participants performed tasks evaluating baseline microscopic spatial awareness and surgical skill. The students were then instructed to watch either a 2D or 3D video on phacoemulsification based on their randomized study arm. During the postintervention session, participants performed the biplanar incision and capsulorhexis steps of cataract surgery discussed in the video on model eyes. Students were evaluated on speed and overall capsulorhexis quality. Results Thirty-one students qualified for the study and completed the microscopic surgery session. Students in both groups had similar baseline speed and quality of preintervention microscopic tasks ( p > 0.05 for all tasks). Postintervention, students randomized to the 3D video performed significantly faster than the 2D group for biplanar incision (11.1 ± 5.5 s vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 s, p = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences found between the groups in capsulorhexis timing ( p = 0.12) or quality score ( p = 0.60). Conclusions 3D video surgical training tutorials may improve speed of certain steps of cataract surgery for surgically naïve ophthalmology trainees. Given the limited sample size of this study, further investigation of their effectiveness is warranted.
目的 眼科显微手术需要了解眼内的三维空间。最近，医疗保健领域的三维视频培训工具越来越多。已有研究评估了三维教程在普通外科中的效果，但在眼科领域却鲜有报道。我们进行了一项随机研究，评估手术新手学员在观看 2D 或 3D 乳化教程后的差异。设计 这是一项双盲随机研究。本机构的一组三年级和四年级医学生根据之前的手术课程进行分层随机分组，以控制基线手术技能的差异。两个研究臂分别观看二维或三维的超声乳化教学视频（Richard Mackool）。方法 参与者接受初步调查，并参加一个小时的显微手术课程。在这一过程中，学员们完成了评估显微镜空间感知基线和手术技能的任务。然后，学生们根据随机分配的学习小组，观看有关超声乳化术的 2D 或 3D 视频。在干预后的课程中，学员们在模型眼上完成视频中讨论的白内障手术的双平面切口和囊膜修整步骤。对学生的手术速度和整体巩膜修整质量进行评估。结果 31 名学生符合研究条件，并完成了显微手术课程。两组学生在干预前显微镜任务的基线速度和质量相似（所有任务的P > 0.05）。干预后，随机使用 3D 视频的学生在双平面切口方面的速度明显快于 2D 组（11.1 ± 5.5 秒 vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 秒，p = 0.001）。两组在蝶鞍对合时间（p = 0.12）或质量评分（p = 0.60）方面无统计学差异。结论 三维视频手术培训教程可提高手术新手白内障手术某些步骤的速度。鉴于本研究的样本量有限，有必要进一步调查其有效性。
{"title":"Evaluation of Two-Dimensional (2D) versus Three-Dimensional (3D) Video Tutorials in Cataract Surgery for New Trainees.","authors":"Yuxi Zheng, Saif Hamdan, Jonathan Siktberg, Jonathan Barnett, Sylvia L Groth, Nathan Podoll, Laura Wayman, Jennifer L Lindsey","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761276","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1761276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Microscopic ophthalmic surgery requires an understanding of three-dimensional (3D) spaces within the eye. Recently, there has been an increase in 3D video training tools in health care. Studies have evaluated the efficacy of 3D tutorials in general surgery, but little has been published within ophthalmology. We present a randomized study evaluating differences in surgically naïve trainees after watching either a 2D or 3D phacoemulsification tutorial. <b>Design</b> This was a double-blind, randomized study. A group of third and fourth year medical students at our institution were randomized with stratified randomization based on prior surgical courses to control for differences in baseline surgical skill. The two study arms were watching 2D or 3D instructional videos on phacoemulsification (Richard Mackool). <b>Methods</b> Participants received a preliminary survey and participated in an hour-long microscopic surgery session. During the session, participants performed tasks evaluating baseline microscopic spatial awareness and surgical skill. The students were then instructed to watch either a 2D or 3D video on phacoemulsification based on their randomized study arm. During the postintervention session, participants performed the biplanar incision and capsulorhexis steps of cataract surgery discussed in the video on model eyes. Students were evaluated on speed and overall capsulorhexis quality. <b>Results</b> Thirty-one students qualified for the study and completed the microscopic surgery session. Students in both groups had similar baseline speed and quality of preintervention microscopic tasks ( <i>p</i> > 0.05 for all tasks). Postintervention, students randomized to the 3D video performed significantly faster than the 2D group for biplanar incision (11.1 ± 5.5 s vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 s, <i>p</i> = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences found between the groups in capsulorhexis timing ( <i>p</i> = 0.12) or quality score ( <i>p</i> = 0.60). <b>Conclusions</b> 3D video surgical training tutorials may improve speed of certain steps of cataract surgery for surgically naïve ophthalmology trainees. Given the limited sample size of this study, further investigation of their effectiveness is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"e46-e50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81738140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-22DOI: 10.1080/08853908.2023.2167894
Hyoseon Lee
ABSTRACT Developing countries tend to use multilateral dispute settlement procedures less frequently than developed countries because the former lack the requisite economic and legal capacities. However, recent studies on the WTO have found increased use of the dispute settlement mechanism by developing countries. This article argues for the importance of legal capacity in determining the use of the multilateral process, especially within the WTO. Our empirical analysis indicates that (1) prior member country experiences and (2) the availability of legal assistance from the Advisory Centre on WTO Law increase the likelihood of developing countries using the full multilateral legal procedure.
{"title":"Promoting Multilateral Resolution for Trade Disputes","authors":"Hyoseon Lee","doi":"10.1080/08853908.2023.2167894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2023.2167894","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Developing countries tend to use multilateral dispute settlement procedures less frequently than developed countries because the former lack the requisite economic and legal capacities. However, recent studies on the WTO have found increased use of the dispute settlement mechanism by developing countries. This article argues for the importance of legal capacity in determining the use of the multilateral process, especially within the WTO. Our empirical analysis indicates that (1) prior member country experiences and (2) the availability of legal assistance from the Advisory Centre on WTO Law increase the likelihood of developing countries using the full multilateral legal procedure.","PeriodicalId":35638,"journal":{"name":"International Trade Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"481 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：