Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.129
H. Kim, Woo-jung Kim, Bon-Won Koo, Dong-woo Kim, J. Lee, Wahyu Sri Kunto Nugroho
This study aimed to isolate and characterize sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from Iridaea cordata and evaluate their anticancer activity. SPs of the Antarctic red seaweed were obtained by CaCl₂ (SP1) and ethanol precipitations (SP2) following diluted acid extraction at room temperature. Yields of SP1 and SP2 were approximately 14% and 23%, respectively, of the dry weight of red seaweed. The average molecular mass of the SP1 and SP2 was estimated about 1.84 × 10³ and 1.42 × 10³ kDa, respectively, by size-fractionation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis, the main monosaccharide was galactose with glucose and fucose as minor components. The sulfate content of SP2 (40.4%) was slightly higher than that of SP1 (33.8%). The FT-IR spectra also showed characteristic band of carrageenan-like sulfated polysaccharides. Taken together the SPs are thought to be carrageenan-like sulfated galactan. The polysaccharides (SPs) from I. cordata exhibited weak antitumor activity against PC-3 (prostate cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma). To our knowledge, this is the first data on biological activity of the Antarctic red seaweed I. cordata.
{"title":"Anticancer Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Antarctic Red Seaweed Iridaea cordata","authors":"H. Kim, Woo-jung Kim, Bon-Won Koo, Dong-woo Kim, J. Lee, Wahyu Sri Kunto Nugroho","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to isolate and characterize sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from Iridaea cordata and evaluate their anticancer activity. SPs of the Antarctic red seaweed were obtained by CaCl₂ (SP1) and ethanol precipitations (SP2) following diluted acid extraction at room temperature. Yields of SP1 and SP2 were approximately 14% and 23%, respectively, of the dry weight of red seaweed. The average molecular mass of the SP1 and SP2 was estimated about 1.84 × 10³ and 1.42 × 10³ kDa, respectively, by size-fractionation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). From the High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) analysis, the main monosaccharide was galactose with glucose and fucose as minor components. The sulfate content of SP2 (40.4%) was slightly higher than that of SP1 (33.8%). The FT-IR spectra also showed characteristic band of carrageenan-like sulfated polysaccharides. Taken together the SPs are thought to be carrageenan-like sulfated galactan. The polysaccharides (SPs) from I. cordata exhibited weak antitumor activity against PC-3 (prostate cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma). To our knowledge, this is the first data on biological activity of the Antarctic red seaweed I. cordata.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.139
조보은, 김석현
The activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb within phytoplankton-zooplankton-anchovy-mackerel in the coastal water of the Jeju Island were determined to understand their distribution and bio-accumulation along the trophic level. In the surface water, the total activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 0.83 ± 0.004 mBq ㎏ −1 and 1.27 ± 0.03 mBq ㎏ −1 . And the dissolved activity concentration of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 0.75 ± 0.06 mBq ㎏ −1 and 1.22 ± 0.09 mBq ㎏ −1 respectively. In the phytoplankton, the concentration factor (CF) of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 1.5 × 10⁵ and 2.6 × 10⁴ shows 210 Po is 5 times higher compared to 210 Pb. The similar CF factor in the zooplankton of 210 Po was derived as 1.4 × 10⁵. The CF of 210 Po in anchovy was increased twice compared to that in plankton. This is the evidence that there is 210 Po bio-magnification in the trophic level of plankton-anchovy. However the 210 Po activity concentration in the muscle tissue of mackerel was one-hundred times lower than that in anchovy. This reflects that in the trophic level of anchovy-mackerel, the bio-accumulation of 210 Po is decreased. The activity concentrations of 210 Po in the internal organs of anchovy and mackerel were 8 to 38 times higher than those in muscle tissues. In phytoplankton-zooplankton-anchovy, the CF of 210 Pb was decreased five times along the trophic level in order. In anchovy-mackerel it was decreased by 30−70%.
{"title":"제주도 근해 식물플랑크톤-동물플랑크톤-멸치-고등어 영양단계에서 210 Pb과 210 Po의 생물농축","authors":"조보은, 김석현","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.139","url":null,"abstract":"The activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb within phytoplankton-zooplankton-anchovy-mackerel in the coastal water of the Jeju Island were determined to understand their distribution and bio-accumulation along the trophic level. In the surface water, the total activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 0.83 ± 0.004 mBq ㎏ −1 and 1.27 ± 0.03 mBq ㎏ −1 . And the dissolved activity concentration of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 0.75 ± 0.06 mBq ㎏ −1 and 1.22 ± 0.09 mBq ㎏ −1 respectively. In the phytoplankton, the concentration factor (CF) of 210 Po and 210 Pb were 1.5 × 10⁵ and 2.6 × 10⁴ shows 210 Po is 5 times higher compared to 210 Pb. The similar CF factor in the zooplankton of 210 Po was derived as 1.4 × 10⁵. The CF of 210 Po in anchovy was increased twice compared to that in plankton. This is the evidence that there is 210 Po bio-magnification in the trophic level of plankton-anchovy. However the 210 Po activity concentration in the muscle tissue of mackerel was one-hundred times lower than that in anchovy. This reflects that in the trophic level of anchovy-mackerel, the bio-accumulation of 210 Po is decreased. The activity concentrations of 210 Po in the internal organs of anchovy and mackerel were 8 to 38 times higher than those in muscle tissues. In phytoplankton-zooplankton-anchovy, the CF of 210 Pb was decreased five times along the trophic level in order. In anchovy-mackerel it was decreased by 30−70%.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.089
Haejin Kim, Cheolsoo Kim, Hong‐Ryeol Shin
In this study, we evaluated the model performance with respect to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Net Heat Flux (NHF) by considering the characteristics of seasonal temperature variation and contributing factors and by analyzing heat budget terms in the Northwestern Pacific and East Asian Marginal Seas (110˚E−160˚E, 15˚N−60˚N) using the HadGEM2-AO historical run. Annual mean SST of the HadGEM2-AO is about 0.065oC higher than observations (EN3_v2a) from 1950 to 2000. Since 1960, the model has simulated well the long-term variation of SST and the increasing rate of SST in the model (0.014℃/year) is comparable with observations (0.013℃/year). Heat loss from the ocean to the atmosphere was simulated slightly higher in the HadGEM2-AO than that in the reanalysis data on the East Asian Marginal Seas and the Kuroshio region. We investigated the causes of temperature variation by calculating the heat budget equation in the two representative regions. In the central part of the Kuroshio axis (125˚E−130˚E, 25˚N−30˚N: Region A), both heat loss in the upper mixed layer by surface heat flux and vertical heat advection mainly cause the decrease of heat storage in autumn and winter. Release of latent heat flux through the heat convergence brought about by the Kuroshio contributes to the large surface net heat flux. Positive heat storage rate is mainly determined by horizontal heat advection from March to April and surface net heat flux from May to July. In the central part of the subtropical gyre (155˚E−160˚E, 22˚N−27˚N: Region B), unlike Region A, vertical heat advection predominantly causes the decrease of heat storage in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, surface heat flux contributes to the increase of heat storage in Region B and the period is two times longer than the period for Region A. In this season, shoaling of the mixed layer depth plays an important role in the increase of SST.
{"title":"Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Simulation in the Northwestern Pacific and the East Asian Marginal Seas using HadGEM2-AO","authors":"Haejin Kim, Cheolsoo Kim, Hong‐Ryeol Shin","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.089","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we evaluated the model performance with respect to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Net Heat Flux (NHF) by considering the characteristics of seasonal temperature variation and contributing factors and by analyzing heat budget terms in the Northwestern Pacific and East Asian Marginal Seas (110˚E−160˚E, 15˚N−60˚N) using the HadGEM2-AO historical run. Annual mean SST of the HadGEM2-AO is about 0.065oC higher than observations (EN3_v2a) from 1950 to 2000. Since 1960, the model has simulated well the long-term variation of SST and the increasing rate of SST in the model (0.014℃/year) is comparable with observations (0.013℃/year). Heat loss from the ocean to the atmosphere was simulated slightly higher in the HadGEM2-AO than that in the reanalysis data on the East Asian Marginal Seas and the Kuroshio region. We investigated the causes of temperature variation by calculating the heat budget equation in the two representative regions. In the central part of the Kuroshio axis (125˚E−130˚E, 25˚N−30˚N: Region A), both heat loss in the upper mixed layer by surface heat flux and vertical heat advection mainly cause the decrease of heat storage in autumn and winter. Release of latent heat flux through the heat convergence brought about by the Kuroshio contributes to the large surface net heat flux. Positive heat storage rate is mainly determined by horizontal heat advection from March to April and surface net heat flux from May to July. In the central part of the subtropical gyre (155˚E−160˚E, 22˚N−27˚N: Region B), unlike Region A, vertical heat advection predominantly causes the decrease of heat storage in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, surface heat flux contributes to the increase of heat storage in Region B and the period is two times longer than the period for Region A. In this season, shoaling of the mixed layer depth plays an important role in the increase of SST.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.115
Hyung-Gon Lee, Kon-Tak Yoon, Heung-Sik Park, Jae-Sang Hong, Jae-Hac Lee
This study examined the relationship between macrobenthic distribution patterns and environmental factors in salt marsh vegetation in Donggeomdo, Ganghwa on the west coast of Korea. Nine stations were fixed on a transect across the salt marsh vegetation, and field sampling was carried out monthly from July 1997 to June 1998. A total of 38 species of macrobenthos were recorded: each of faunal groups, 13 (34.2%) Arthropoda, 12 (31.6%) Polychaeta, 8 (21.1%) Mollusca, and 5 (13.2%) others. The mean density was 2,659 individuals/㎡, with a mean biomass of 178.6 gWWt/㎡. Mollusca dominated in terms of abundance and biomass, with a mean density of 2,172 individuals/㎡ (81.7%) and a mean biomass of 131.9 gWWt/㎡ (73.9%). The number of species decreased in winter (January−February), while mean density increased in the spring (May−June). The biomass was relatively in Summer and Fall (July−November), than any other season. The number of species was high in pure stands of Suaeda japonica in the lower salt marsh vegetation, and the mean density and biomass were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Two Mollusca, the bivalve Glauconome chinensis and gastropod Assiminea lutea, were dominant. The densities of these two species were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) showed that the study area could be divided into four groups corresponding to the vertical distribution of tidal levels and halophytes. Spearman’s rank correlation revealed that the distribution patterns and community structure of macrobenthos were related to environment variables such as salinity of the substrates, exposure time, and grain size compositions of the sediment in the salt marsh vegetation. Particularly, the distribution and density of some dominant species showed differences along the vertical distributions of halophytes.
{"title":"The Influence of Environmental Variables on Distribution of Macrobenthic Community in Salt Marsh Vegetation in Donggeomdo, Ganghwa on the West Coast of Korea","authors":"Hyung-Gon Lee, Kon-Tak Yoon, Heung-Sik Park, Jae-Sang Hong, Jae-Hac Lee","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.2.115","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship between macrobenthic distribution patterns and environmental factors in salt marsh vegetation in Donggeomdo, Ganghwa on the west coast of Korea. Nine stations were fixed on a transect across the salt marsh vegetation, and field sampling was carried out monthly from July 1997 to June 1998. A total of 38 species of macrobenthos were recorded: each of faunal groups, 13 (34.2%) Arthropoda, 12 (31.6%) Polychaeta, 8 (21.1%) Mollusca, and 5 (13.2%) others. The mean density was 2,659 individuals/㎡, with a mean biomass of 178.6 gWWt/㎡. Mollusca dominated in terms of abundance and biomass, with a mean density of 2,172 individuals/㎡ (81.7%) and a mean biomass of 131.9 gWWt/㎡ (73.9%). The number of species decreased in winter (January−February), while mean density increased in the spring (May−June). The biomass was relatively in Summer and Fall (July−November), than any other season. The number of species was high in pure stands of Suaeda japonica in the lower salt marsh vegetation, and the mean density and biomass were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Two Mollusca, the bivalve Glauconome chinensis and gastropod Assiminea lutea, were dominant. The densities of these two species were high in mixed halophyte communities in the middle salt marsh vegetation. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) showed that the study area could be divided into four groups corresponding to the vertical distribution of tidal levels and halophytes. Spearman’s rank correlation revealed that the distribution patterns and community structure of macrobenthos were related to environment variables such as salinity of the substrates, exposure time, and grain size compositions of the sediment in the salt marsh vegetation. Particularly, the distribution and density of some dominant species showed differences along the vertical distributions of halophytes.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.035
Hyun-sook Yoon, A. Ko, Jung-Hoon Kang, J. Choi, Se-Jong Ju
To understand the diet of chaetognaths, the gut content and fatty acid trophic makers (FATMs) of Sagitta crassa and S. nagae, which are the most predominant species of chaetognath in the Yellow Sea, were analyzed. Gut contents of the two species examined by microscopic analysis revealed that copepods are the major components of the diet (> 70% of gut contents) and there was no significant changes in the gut contents of two species collected in spring and summer season. Although 16:0, 20:5(n-3) (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6(n-3) (Docosahexanoic acid), which are known as phytoplankton FA markers, were the most dominant among the fatty acids in both chaetognath species, the detection of copepod FA markers, 20:1(n-9) (Gadoleic acid) and 22:1(n-11) (Cetoleic acid), provided evidence that their food sources include copepods. These results suggest that S. crassa and S. nagae are carnivores and mainly feed on copepods in the Yellow Sea.
{"title":"Diet of Chaetognaths Sagitta crassa and S. nagae in the Yellow Sea Inferred from Gut Content and Fatty Acid Analyses","authors":"Hyun-sook Yoon, A. Ko, Jung-Hoon Kang, J. Choi, Se-Jong Ju","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.035","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the diet of chaetognaths, the gut content and fatty acid trophic makers (FATMs) of Sagitta crassa and S. nagae, which are the most predominant species of chaetognath in the Yellow Sea, were analyzed. Gut contents of the two species examined by microscopic analysis revealed that copepods are the major components of the diet (> 70% of gut contents) and there was no significant changes in the gut contents of two species collected in spring and summer season. Although 16:0, 20:5(n-3) (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6(n-3) (Docosahexanoic acid), which are known as phytoplankton FA markers, were the most dominant among the fatty acids in both chaetognath species, the detection of copepod FA markers, 20:1(n-9) (Gadoleic acid) and 22:1(n-11) (Cetoleic acid), provided evidence that their food sources include copepods. These results suggest that S. crassa and S. nagae are carnivores and mainly feed on copepods in the Yellow Sea.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.047
Su Jin Han, Yeon Ju Na, Da Vine Jeon, Young Sik Kim, Han Gil Choi, Ki-Wan Nam
Effects of environmental factors on the zoospore release and germling growth of Chaetomorpha linum were examined. Zoospore release and germling growth experiments were carried out under a combination of temperatures × irradiances, and a single factor of irradiances, salinities, daylength and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). Zoospore release was maximal under condition of 20℃ × 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in a factorial experiment (temperatures × irradiances), at 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in irradiance experiment and at 34 psu in salinity conditions. After 24 days in culture, germling growth was maximal at 25℃ × 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in temperatures × irradiances and at normal seawater (34 psu) in salinity. Germling growth is faster at higher irradiance under same temperature condition and it increased with increasing daylengths (8−16 h). Chaetomorpha linum grew in wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of germling was maximal at 50 μM PO₄ 3− and 40 μM NH₄ + . Germling growth was more effective under nitrogen addition than phosphorus addition in culture. In conclusion, optimal environmental conditions for zoospore release were 20℃, 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 , and 34 psu. In addition, the optimal germling growth was observed at 25℃, 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 , 34 psu, 16 h, 50 μM (PO₄ 3− ) and 40 μM(NH₄ + ).
{"title":"Effects of Environmental Factors on the Zoospore Release and Germling Growth of the Green Macroalga Chaetomorpha linum","authors":"Su Jin Han, Yeon Ju Na, Da Vine Jeon, Young Sik Kim, Han Gil Choi, Ki-Wan Nam","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.047","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of environmental factors on the zoospore release and germling growth of Chaetomorpha linum were examined. Zoospore release and germling growth experiments were carried out under a combination of temperatures × irradiances, and a single factor of irradiances, salinities, daylength and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). Zoospore release was maximal under condition of 20℃ × 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in a factorial experiment (temperatures × irradiances), at 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in irradiance experiment and at 34 psu in salinity conditions. After 24 days in culture, germling growth was maximal at 25℃ × 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 in temperatures × irradiances and at normal seawater (34 psu) in salinity. Germling growth is faster at higher irradiance under same temperature condition and it increased with increasing daylengths (8−16 h). Chaetomorpha linum grew in wide range of N and P concentrations. The growth of germling was maximal at 50 μM PO₄ 3− and 40 μM NH₄ + . Germling growth was more effective under nitrogen addition than phosphorus addition in culture. In conclusion, optimal environmental conditions for zoospore release were 20℃, 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 , and 34 psu. In addition, the optimal germling growth was observed at 25℃, 100 μmol photons m −2 s −1 , 34 psu, 16 h, 50 μM (PO₄ 3− ) and 40 μM(NH₄ + ).","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.059
김요섭, 정동원, 유승훈
Establishing the strategic plans to foster the oceans and fisheries (O&F) industry as an engine for national sustainable economic growth has become an important task for developing countries as well as developed countries. The first step to do so is to identify O&F industry and analyze its economic effects. Therefore, the prime purposes of the paper are two-fold. The first is to identify O&F industry and estimate its market size using 2012 Input-Output (I-O) table published by the Bank of Korea. The second purpose is to obtain some quantitative information on production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect of the O&F industry. To this end, we apply an IO analysis using exogenous specification of the O&F industry. The results show that the O&F industry covers 4.1% and 3.0% of national output and gross domestic product, respectively. Moreover, we found that 1.0 won of production or investment in the O&F industry induces 1.7363 won of production and 0.4759 won of value-added in the national economy. One billion won of production or investment in the O&F industry touches off 7.5569 persons of employment. This information can be utilized in the O&F industry-related policy-making.
{"title":"Analyzing the Market Size and the Economic Effects of the Oceans and Fisheries Industry","authors":"김요섭, 정동원, 유승훈","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.059","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing the strategic plans to foster the oceans and fisheries (O&F) industry as an engine for national sustainable economic growth has become an important task for developing countries as well as developed countries. The first step to do so is to identify O&F industry and analyze its economic effects. Therefore, the prime purposes of the paper are two-fold. The first is to identify O&F industry and estimate its market size using 2012 Input-Output (I-O) table published by the Bank of Korea. The second purpose is to obtain some quantitative information on production-inducing effect, value-added creation effect, and employment-inducing effect of the O&F industry. To this end, we apply an IO analysis using exogenous specification of the O&F industry. The results show that the O&F industry covers 4.1% and 3.0% of national output and gross domestic product, respectively. Moreover, we found that 1.0 won of production or investment in the O&F industry induces 1.7363 won of production and 0.4759 won of value-added in the national economy. One billion won of production or investment in the O&F industry touches off 7.5569 persons of employment. This information can be utilized in the O&F industry-related policy-making.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.001
이준호, 김태훈, 문재홍
Recently, there has been a growing interest in physical-biological ocean-modeling systems by communities in the fields of science and business. In this paper, we present preliminary results from a coupled physical-biological model for the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas. The ocean circulation component is an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), and the lower trophic level ecosystem component is a Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus (NPZD) model. The ROMSNPZD coupled system, with a 25 km resolution, is forced by climatological atmospheric data and predicts the physical variables and concentrations of nitrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus. Model results are compared with remote-sensed sea surface temperature and chlorophyll, and with climatological sea surface salinity and nitrate. Our model adequately reproduces the observed spatial distribution and seasonal variability of nitrate and chlorophyll concentrations as well as physical variables, showing a high correlation in the East Sea (ES) and Kuroshio/Oyashio Extension (KOE) region but relatively low correlation in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS). Although some deficiencies were found in the biological components, such as the over/underestimation of the intensity of phytoplankton blooms in the ES and KOE/ the YS and ECS, our system demonstrates the capability of the model to capture and record dominant seasonal variability in physical-biological processes and this holds out the promise of coming to a better understanding of such processes and making better predictions .
{"title":"ROMS-NPZD 접합모델을 이용한 한반도 주변해역의 표층 영양염 및 클로로필의 계절변동성","authors":"이준호, 김태훈, 문재홍","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a growing interest in physical-biological ocean-modeling systems by communities in the fields of science and business. In this paper, we present preliminary results from a coupled physical-biological model for the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas. The ocean circulation component is an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), and the lower trophic level ecosystem component is a Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus (NPZD) model. The ROMSNPZD coupled system, with a 25 km resolution, is forced by climatological atmospheric data and predicts the physical variables and concentrations of nitrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus. Model results are compared with remote-sensed sea surface temperature and chlorophyll, and with climatological sea surface salinity and nitrate. Our model adequately reproduces the observed spatial distribution and seasonal variability of nitrate and chlorophyll concentrations as well as physical variables, showing a high correlation in the East Sea (ES) and Kuroshio/Oyashio Extension (KOE) region but relatively low correlation in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS). Although some deficiencies were found in the biological components, such as the over/underestimation of the intensity of phytoplankton blooms in the ES and KOE/ the YS and ECS, our system demonstrates the capability of the model to capture and record dominant seasonal variability in physical-biological processes and this holds out the promise of coming to a better understanding of such processes and making better predictions .","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.081
J. Park, J. Kwon, Y. Jin, Sung-Yong Oh
In many fish species, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), gonadal development occurs at the expense of stored energy and nutrients. Therefore, reproductive systems are inhibited by limited food supply. It has been well established that reproductive function is highly sensitive to both metabolic status and energy balance. Nothing is known about the possible mediated connection between energy balance and reproduction. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide product of the Kiss gene has emerged as an essential gatekeeper of reproduction and may be possibly be linked to energy balance and reproduction in non-mammalians. Thus, in this study, the effect of fasting (10 days) on the expression of kisspeptin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene were assessed in Nile tilapia (male and female) using qRTPCR. In addition, plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E₂) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in adult tilapia were measured by ELISA. In male tilapia, fasting reduced Kiss2 and GnRH I mRNA expression in the brain and 11-KT level in comparison with the fed tilapia (p 0.05). These data indicate the impact of nutritional states on kisspeptin as a potential regulatory mechanism for the control of reproduction in male Nile tilapia.
在包括尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在内的许多鱼类中，性腺发育是以消耗储存的能量和营养物质为代价的。因此，有限的食物供应抑制了生殖系统。生殖功能对代谢状态和能量平衡都非常敏感。对于能量平衡和生殖之间可能存在的中介联系，我们一无所知。Kisspeptin是Kiss基因的一种神经肽产物，在非哺乳动物中，Kisspeptin可能与能量平衡和繁殖有关，是繁殖的重要看门人。因此，本研究采用qRTPCR技术评估了禁食(10天)对尼罗罗非鱼(雄性和雌性)kisspeptin和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)基因表达的影响。此外，采用ELISA法测定了成年罗非鱼血浆雌二醇-17β (E₂)和11-酮睾酮(11-KT)水平。在雄性罗非鱼中，与喂食罗非鱼相比，禁食降低了Kiss2和GnRH I mRNA在大脑中的表达和11-KT水平(p 0.05)。这些数据表明，营养状况对kisspeptin的影响可能是控制雄性尼罗罗非鱼繁殖的一种调节机制。
{"title":"Effects of Fasting on Brain Expression of Kiss2 and GnRH I and Plasma Levels of Sex Steroid Hormones, in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"J. Park, J. Kwon, Y. Jin, Sung-Yong Oh","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.081","url":null,"abstract":"In many fish species, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), gonadal development occurs at the expense of stored energy and nutrients. Therefore, reproductive systems are inhibited by limited food supply. It has been well established that reproductive function is highly sensitive to both metabolic status and energy balance. Nothing is known about the possible mediated connection between energy balance and reproduction. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide product of the Kiss gene has emerged as an essential gatekeeper of reproduction and may be possibly be linked to energy balance and reproduction in non-mammalians. Thus, in this study, the effect of fasting (10 days) on the expression of kisspeptin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene were assessed in Nile tilapia (male and female) using qRTPCR. In addition, plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E₂) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in adult tilapia were measured by ELISA. In male tilapia, fasting reduced Kiss2 and GnRH I mRNA expression in the brain and 11-KT level in comparison with the fed tilapia (p 0.05). These data indicate the impact of nutritional states on kisspeptin as a potential regulatory mechanism for the control of reproduction in male Nile tilapia.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-30DOI: 10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.071
J. Lee, E. Choi
In this study, we attempt to examine the economic impacts of the CCS marine geological storage demonstration project in Korea using Input-Output analysis utilizing the inter-industry relation table issued in 2013. In particular, this study defines the CO₂ ocean storage industry and then added the inter-industry relation table and treated the CO₂ ocean storage industry as exogenous. In addition, this study assumed two scenarios based on the means of CO₂ transport, which are pipe and ship. After defining the industry and scenarios, this study investigates the production-inducing effect, value added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect of the industries associated with the CO₂ ocean storage industry based on a demand-driven model. The results pertaining to the scenarios are estimated as follows: total production-inducing effects, value added inducing effects, and employment-inducing effects are calculated as 1.9044 won, 1.2487 won and 16.7224 people/billion won, respectively. In addition, compared to other industries, the indirect economic impacts of the CO₂ ocean storage industry are ranked high: the rankings of production-inducing effects, value added inducing effects, and employment-inducing effects are fourth, second, and fifth, respectively.
{"title":"The Economic Impacts of CCS Marine Geological Storage Demonstration Project on the National Economy using Input-output Analysis","authors":"J. Lee, E. Choi","doi":"10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2016.38.1.071","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we attempt to examine the economic impacts of the CCS marine geological storage demonstration project in Korea using Input-Output analysis utilizing the inter-industry relation table issued in 2013. In particular, this study defines the CO₂ ocean storage industry and then added the inter-industry relation table and treated the CO₂ ocean storage industry as exogenous. In addition, this study assumed two scenarios based on the means of CO₂ transport, which are pipe and ship. After defining the industry and scenarios, this study investigates the production-inducing effect, value added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect of the industries associated with the CO₂ ocean storage industry based on a demand-driven model. The results pertaining to the scenarios are estimated as follows: total production-inducing effects, value added inducing effects, and employment-inducing effects are calculated as 1.9044 won, 1.2487 won and 16.7224 people/billion won, respectively. In addition, compared to other industries, the indirect economic impacts of the CO₂ ocean storage industry are ranked high: the rankings of production-inducing effects, value added inducing effects, and employment-inducing effects are fourth, second, and fifth, respectively.","PeriodicalId":35665,"journal":{"name":"Ocean and Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70345682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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