Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251584
H. Kanaan, Al-Haddad
In this paper, a two-stage DC-DC converter for high current applications is studied. The converter consists of two three-phase full-bridge inverters connected through three AC inductors. First, a switching-functions based model of the converter is establishes, and then a control scheme is designed for both inverters in order to ensure a high power factor at the AC stage, and a regulated voltage at the DC load. The performance of the proposed control system is verified through numerical simulations
{"title":"Design, Control and Simulation of a High-Efficiency Low-Cost DC-DC Converter for High Current Applications","authors":"H. Kanaan, Al-Haddad","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251584","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a two-stage DC-DC converter for high current applications is studied. The converter consists of two three-phase full-bridge inverters connected through three AC inductors. First, a switching-functions based model of the converter is establishes, and then a control scheme is designed for both inverters in order to ensure a high power factor at the AC stage, and a regulated voltage at the DC load. The performance of the proposed control system is verified through numerical simulations","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124077155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251624
Keiichi Hirose, Takashi Takeda, S. Muroyama
Presented are reports on the development of a multiple power quality level supply system that provides five kinds of high quality electric power at the same time. The system utilizes both renewable energy and utility and supplies consumers with various kinds of electric power of high quality. It gives consumers the advantages of low cost and reduces the amount of space needed for existing such power converters as UPSs. It also contributes to promoting the introduction of renewable energy. We conducted a field experiment of this system. Over the course of one year, we measured the demand pattern of an experimental field. We then developed a system that was suitable for it. Furthermore, the effects will be studied for about one year and half demonstration by the field
{"title":"Study on Field Demonstration of Multiple Power Quality Levels System in Sendai","authors":"Keiichi Hirose, Takashi Takeda, S. Muroyama","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251624","url":null,"abstract":"Presented are reports on the development of a multiple power quality level supply system that provides five kinds of high quality electric power at the same time. The system utilizes both renewable energy and utility and supplies consumers with various kinds of electric power of high quality. It gives consumers the advantages of low cost and reduces the amount of space needed for existing such power converters as UPSs. It also contributes to promoting the introduction of renewable energy. We conducted a field experiment of this system. Over the course of one year, we measured the demand pattern of an experimental field. We then developed a system that was suitable for it. Furthermore, the effects will be studied for about one year and half demonstration by the field","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116684945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251673
D. Salomonsson, L. Soder
In this paper a new improved method to evaluate the design of commercial power systems is described. The power system is divided into seven design criteria and each criterion is evaluated separately. The aim with the method is to identify problems with the present design which can be modified to improve the performance of the system. The method is applied to four sensitive commercial consumers: substation; hospital; voice and data communication facility; and data center. They are all equipped with emergency and standby power systems. Different requirements and solutions for each systems are analyzed and presented. The study shows that the voice and data communication facility and especially the data center both have possibilities of improvements. The data center power systems has a potential to improve the efficiency, and therefore also to reduce the energy cost, improve the availability, and to use the local energy source and energy storage to sell power to the utility grid during peak load
{"title":"Comparison of Different Solutions for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Commercial Consumers","authors":"D. Salomonsson, L. Soder","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251673","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new improved method to evaluate the design of commercial power systems is described. The power system is divided into seven design criteria and each criterion is evaluated separately. The aim with the method is to identify problems with the present design which can be modified to improve the performance of the system. The method is applied to four sensitive commercial consumers: substation; hospital; voice and data communication facility; and data center. They are all equipped with emergency and standby power systems. Different requirements and solutions for each systems are analyzed and presented. The study shows that the voice and data communication facility and especially the data center both have possibilities of improvements. The data center power systems has a potential to improve the efficiency, and therefore also to reduce the energy cost, improve the availability, and to use the local energy source and energy storage to sell power to the utility grid during peak load","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122683187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251674
K. Rauscher, R. Krock, J. Runyon, P. Hayden
This paper presents a comprehensive list of nine vulnerabilities intrinsic to power systems. By addressing these vulnerabilities, which are the only means that threats can negatively impact power systems, this approach allows for the identification of best practices that protect not only against known threats but also against unknown and unimagined threats. The power system of a communication networks is made up of four basic components: the distribution plant, the battery plant, the generator plant, and the grounding system. It is also heavily impacted by other infrastructures, such as commercial power and transportation, and by other ingredients of the communications system, such as humans, environment, and policy. Mastering knowledge of the finite list of intrinsic vulnerabilities of these components makes it possible to provide comprehensive coverage of all the areas of power systems. An example of this type of analysis is provided for generator fuel. Subsequent papers will provide in-depth analysis for other components of the power systems
{"title":"Intrinsic Vulnerabilities of the Power Systems Supporting Communication Networks and Expert Strategies for Defense","authors":"K. Rauscher, R. Krock, J. Runyon, P. Hayden","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251674","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive list of nine vulnerabilities intrinsic to power systems. By addressing these vulnerabilities, which are the only means that threats can negatively impact power systems, this approach allows for the identification of best practices that protect not only against known threats but also against unknown and unimagined threats. The power system of a communication networks is made up of four basic components: the distribution plant, the battery plant, the generator plant, and the grounding system. It is also heavily impacted by other infrastructures, such as commercial power and transportation, and by other ingredients of the communications system, such as humans, environment, and policy. Mastering knowledge of the finite list of intrinsic vulnerabilities of these components makes it possible to provide comprehensive coverage of all the areas of power systems. An example of this type of analysis is provided for generator fuel. Subsequent papers will provide in-depth analysis for other components of the power systems","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251618
P.D. Sundmark
There are various ways to achieve a target level of power availability in a network power system. Each method comes with its inherent costs and benefits, pros and cons. Decisions on which method to pursue may result from previous practice, perceived cost effectiveness, vendor relationships, operational efficiencies and so on. Often the real cost of the alternatives is not known, or one of the parameters has changed, affecting all downstream decisions. Unit costs for standby generator kW capacity, total owning and operating costs per amp of DC plant, part load characteristics of rectifiers, are among issues that need to be better understood. This understanding should lead to a heightened sense of the "big picture", leading to better decisions on planning and design of power system infrastructure. Large amounts of capital and expense dollars are dedicated to installation and maintenance of network power plants, and it is incumbent on stakeholders to spend the money wisely
{"title":"Balancing Power Availability With Energy Efficiency","authors":"P.D. Sundmark","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251618","url":null,"abstract":"There are various ways to achieve a target level of power availability in a network power system. Each method comes with its inherent costs and benefits, pros and cons. Decisions on which method to pursue may result from previous practice, perceived cost effectiveness, vendor relationships, operational efficiencies and so on. Often the real cost of the alternatives is not known, or one of the parameters has changed, affecting all downstream decisions. Unit costs for standby generator kW capacity, total owning and operating costs per amp of DC plant, part load characteristics of rectifiers, are among issues that need to be better understood. This understanding should lead to a heightened sense of the \"big picture\", leading to better decisions on planning and design of power system infrastructure. Large amounts of capital and expense dollars are dedicated to installation and maintenance of network power plants, and it is incumbent on stakeholders to spend the money wisely","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121429440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251609
S. Kobayashi, T. Iino, H. Kobayashi, K. Yamada, T. Yachi
This paper reports the output degradation reduction when spot dirt adheres to a small photovoltaic module with rectangular cells. A small photovoltaic module of 13 W was applied to various electric systems. The module consisted of single crystal silicon photovoltaic cells. The effect of the output degradation was studied by changing the aspect ratio of the photovoltaic cell. It was also studied the effect by changing the photovoltaic cell connection applied to the module. Changing the aspect ratio of the photovoltaic cell used for the photovoltaic module results in suppression of the output degradation by 80% or less with 3% of spot dirt on the module area
{"title":"Small Photovoltaic Module with Rectangular Cells for Reducing Output Degradation Caused by Spot Dirt","authors":"S. Kobayashi, T. Iino, H. Kobayashi, K. Yamada, T. Yachi","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the output degradation reduction when spot dirt adheres to a small photovoltaic module with rectangular cells. A small photovoltaic module of 13 W was applied to various electric systems. The module consisted of single crystal silicon photovoltaic cells. The effect of the output degradation was studied by changing the aspect ratio of the photovoltaic cell. It was also studied the effect by changing the photovoltaic cell connection applied to the module. Changing the aspect ratio of the photovoltaic cell used for the photovoltaic module results in suppression of the output degradation by 80% or less with 3% of spot dirt on the module area","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129140218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251623
Shumin Li, S. Bassan, G. Moschopoulos
In this paper, the properties of single-stage full-bridge converters are compared to those of single-stage forward converters. It is shown that, although both types of converters share similar properties, there are significant and surprising differences that have not been previously reported with respect to operating modes, DC bus voltage reduction techniques, and soft-switching. These differences are discussed in the paper, and conclusions about the properties of single-stage full-bridge converters are made based on results obtained from experimental prototypes
{"title":"Higher and Lower Power Single-Stage AC-DC Converters","authors":"Shumin Li, S. Bassan, G. Moschopoulos","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251623","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the properties of single-stage full-bridge converters are compared to those of single-stage forward converters. It is shown that, although both types of converters share similar properties, there are significant and surprising differences that have not been previously reported with respect to operating modes, DC bus voltage reduction techniques, and soft-switching. These differences are discussed in the paper, and conclusions about the properties of single-stage full-bridge converters are made based on results obtained from experimental prototypes","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115951472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251597
M. Nishikawa, Y. Ishizuka, H. Matsuo, K. Shigematsu
A single LED is very small, and their luminance is related to the amount of driving current. Sufficient luminance for an illuminator requires many LEDs to be connected together and a constant current supplied to each LED. Therefore, the LED drive circuit must have constant-output-current control and/or constant-luminance control. We propose an LED drive circuit that consists of a boost-type DC-DC converter with constant-output-current control and constant-luminance control. This circuit is a switching regulator-type circuit controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM). Both the power and the constant-current control can be provided by a single system, without any ballast resistor or auxiliary current control circuit
{"title":"An LED Drive Circuit with Constant-Output-Current Control and Constant-Luminance Control","authors":"M. Nishikawa, Y. Ishizuka, H. Matsuo, K. Shigematsu","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251597","url":null,"abstract":"A single LED is very small, and their luminance is related to the amount of driving current. Sufficient luminance for an illuminator requires many LEDs to be connected together and a constant current supplied to each LED. Therefore, the LED drive circuit must have constant-output-current control and/or constant-luminance control. We propose an LED drive circuit that consists of a boost-type DC-DC converter with constant-output-current control and constant-luminance control. This circuit is a switching regulator-type circuit controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM). Both the power and the constant-current control can be provided by a single system, without any ballast resistor or auxiliary current control circuit","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117075939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251588
Xiaogao Xie, Junming Zhang, Chen Zhao, Z. Qian
For low output voltage and relatively high current applications, synchronous rectifier technique can help improve efficiency in a flyback converter. An improved current-driven method for the synchronous rectifier (SR) is presented. Compared to the previous proposed current driven synchronous rectifier (CDSR), the proposed CDSR features simple structure, low driving loss, low component voltage stress and good performance. Analysis and experiments on a flyback prototype converter demonstrate the performance of the improved approach
{"title":"An Improved Current-Driven Method for Synchronous Flyback AC/DC Converters","authors":"Xiaogao Xie, Junming Zhang, Chen Zhao, Z. Qian","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251588","url":null,"abstract":"For low output voltage and relatively high current applications, synchronous rectifier technique can help improve efficiency in a flyback converter. An improved current-driven method for the synchronous rectifier (SR) is presented. Compared to the previous proposed current driven synchronous rectifier (CDSR), the proposed CDSR features simple structure, low driving loss, low component voltage stress and good performance. Analysis and experiments on a flyback prototype converter demonstrate the performance of the improved approach","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117249383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251613
L. Hang, Yilei Gu, Zheng-yu Lu, Z. Qian
With limitation of lowest load, multi-output LLC resonant topologies with asymmetrical structures on the main output and auxiliary outputs, wherein, whose auxiliary outputs adopt symmetrical structure, dedicating to multi-output power supply systems which is applied as auxiliary supply of the driving chip for the up and down bridges, are presented in this paper. According to output power level, different configuration of secondary output end can be flexibly adapted. Consequently, the presented topology is a favorable candidate for such application as whose outputs are not symmetrical, i.e. compared with auxiliary outputs, power level of main output is comparatively higher. In addition, all switches of the very topology operate under the condition of ZVS and therefore it is applicable to such occasion as high frequency, high power density. Asymmetrical operating principle between the main output and auxiliary outputs are specified, besides, ZVS operation is analyzed in details, moreover key parameter design considerations are presented. Finally, the analysis above is verified by experimental results
{"title":"Multi-output LLC Resonant Converters With Symmetrical Auxiliary Output Structures","authors":"L. Hang, Yilei Gu, Zheng-yu Lu, Z. Qian","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251613","url":null,"abstract":"With limitation of lowest load, multi-output LLC resonant topologies with asymmetrical structures on the main output and auxiliary outputs, wherein, whose auxiliary outputs adopt symmetrical structure, dedicating to multi-output power supply systems which is applied as auxiliary supply of the driving chip for the up and down bridges, are presented in this paper. According to output power level, different configuration of secondary output end can be flexibly adapted. Consequently, the presented topology is a favorable candidate for such application as whose outputs are not symmetrical, i.e. compared with auxiliary outputs, power level of main output is comparatively higher. In addition, all switches of the very topology operate under the condition of ZVS and therefore it is applicable to such occasion as high frequency, high power density. Asymmetrical operating principle between the main output and auxiliary outputs are specified, besides, ZVS operation is analyzed in details, moreover key parameter design considerations are presented. Finally, the analysis above is verified by experimental results","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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