D-limonene extracted from citrus peels possesses an inhibitory effect on methanogenic archaea. This study is aimed to bridge the research gap on the influence of D-limonene on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) and to address the low VFA yield in standalone anaerobic fermentation of WAS. When the initial pH was not controlled, 1.00 g/g TSS D-limonene resulted in a VFA accumulation of 1175.45 ± 101.36 mg/L (174.45 ± 8.13 mgCOD/gVS). When the initial pH was controlled at 10 and the D-limonene concentration was 0.50 g/g TSS, the VFA accumulation reached 2707.44 ± 183.65 mg/L (445.51 ± 17.10 mgCOD/gVS). The pH-regulated D-limonene treatment enhanced solubilization and acidification, slightly inhibited hydrolysis, and significantly suppressed methanogenesis. D-limonene under alkaline conditions can increase the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto, significantly enhancing acidification. Moreover, it markedly inhibited methanogenesis by particularly reducing the relative abundance of Methanothrix that was responsible for acetate consumption, thus favoring the accumulation of VFA. The research reveals the potential mechanism of pH regulation and D-limonene on anaerobic fermentation acid production, providing a theoretical basis for improving the acid production performance of the anaerobic fermentation of WAS.
{"title":"Effect of D-limonene on volatile fatty acidsproduction from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge under pH regulation: Performance and mechanisms.","authors":"Xinyun Wang, Shifa Huang, Shihao Wang, Siyuan Chen, Shanyan Dong, Yichun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>D-limonene extracted from citrus peels possesses an inhibitory effect on methanogenic archaea. This study is aimed to bridge the research gap on the influence of D-limonene on volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) and to address the low VFA yield in standalone anaerobic fermentation of WAS. When the initial pH was not controlled, 1.00 g/g TSS D-limonene resulted in a VFA accumulation of 1175.45 ± 101.36 mg/L (174.45 ± 8.13 mgCOD/gVS). When the initial pH was controlled at 10 and the D-limonene concentration was 0.50 g/g TSS, the VFA accumulation reached 2707.44 ± 183.65 mg/L (445.51 ± 17.10 mgCOD/gVS). The pH-regulated D-limonene treatment enhanced solubilization and acidification, slightly inhibited hydrolysis, and significantly suppressed methanogenesis. D-limonene under alkaline conditions can increase the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto, significantly enhancing acidification. Moreover, it markedly inhibited methanogenesis by particularly reducing the relative abundance of Methanothrix that was responsible for acetate consumption, thus favoring the accumulation of VFA. The research reveals the potential mechanism of pH regulation and D-limonene on anaerobic fermentation acid production, providing a theoretical basis for improving the acid production performance of the anaerobic fermentation of WAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122717
Sergio Serrano-Blanco, Rixia Zan, Adam P Harvey, Sharon B Velasquez-Orta
Wastewater represents an alternative source of nutrients in which to grow microalgae, whilst improving the quality of the wastewater, and reducing the downstream treatment required. However, commercialisation of microalgal cultures for such duties faces a number of challenges, predominantly high cost and low productivity. Suspended-solid reactors (ssPBR) can reduce the operational costs, while promoting attached and suspended microalgae growth. In the present study, a novel approach was developed by integrating microalgal wastewater treatment with carrier systems to favour the growth of both attached and suspended cells of T. obliquus. This study found that T. obliquus was able to uptake nutrients from municipal wastewater, achieving removals of 99.3-99.9 % NH3-N, 54.5-88.5 % PO43- and 92.8-94.5 % DTC. The addition of a 12.5 % volumetric fill ratio of carriers in ssPBRs produced higher microalgal cell productivity (1.2·106 ± 2.5·105 cell ml-1 d-1) than the control (4.3·105 ± 2.8·105 cell ml-1 d-1). MinION nanopore sequencing was conducted to assess the impact of microalgal and carrier treatment on wastewater bacterial communities. It was found not only that bacterial communities had changed after the treatment but also the ones attached differed from the ones suspended. Untreated wastewater was characterised by the abundance of sewer bacteria genera such as Aliarcobacter and Arcobacter, whilst, after treatment, microbial communities were characterised by the presence of photosynthetic freshwater (Limnococcus, Stanieria) and bioremediation-like bacteria genera (Pseudomonas, Rheinheimera). In conclusion, the addition of 12.5 % fill carrier ratio increased microalgal productivity, while stimulating changes in the algal microbiome, and creating distinctly different populations in the free and attached environments.
{"title":"Intensified microalgae production and development of microbial communities on suspended carriers and municipal wastewater.","authors":"Sergio Serrano-Blanco, Rixia Zan, Adam P Harvey, Sharon B Velasquez-Orta","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater represents an alternative source of nutrients in which to grow microalgae, whilst improving the quality of the wastewater, and reducing the downstream treatment required. However, commercialisation of microalgal cultures for such duties faces a number of challenges, predominantly high cost and low productivity. Suspended-solid reactors (ssPBR) can reduce the operational costs, while promoting attached and suspended microalgae growth. In the present study, a novel approach was developed by integrating microalgal wastewater treatment with carrier systems to favour the growth of both attached and suspended cells of T. obliquus. This study found that T. obliquus was able to uptake nutrients from municipal wastewater, achieving removals of 99.3-99.9 % NH<sub>3</sub>-N, 54.5-88.5 % PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> and 92.8-94.5 % DTC. The addition of a 12.5 % volumetric fill ratio of carriers in ssPBRs produced higher microalgal cell productivity (1.2·10<sup>6</sup> ± 2.5·10<sup>5</sup> cell ml<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) than the control (4.3·10<sup>5</sup> ± 2.8·10<sup>5</sup> cell ml<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>). MinION nanopore sequencing was conducted to assess the impact of microalgal and carrier treatment on wastewater bacterial communities. It was found not only that bacterial communities had changed after the treatment but also the ones attached differed from the ones suspended. Untreated wastewater was characterised by the abundance of sewer bacteria genera such as Aliarcobacter and Arcobacter, whilst, after treatment, microbial communities were characterised by the presence of photosynthetic freshwater (Limnococcus, Stanieria) and bioremediation-like bacteria genera (Pseudomonas, Rheinheimera). In conclusion, the addition of 12.5 % fill carrier ratio increased microalgal productivity, while stimulating changes in the algal microbiome, and creating distinctly different populations in the free and attached environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanadium (V) contamination posed a significant environmental challenge, while phytoremediation offered a sustainable solution. Phytoremediation performance was often limited by the slow growth cycles of traditional plants. A novel approach to enhancing V phytoremediation by integrating coffee grounds with fast-growing plants such as barley grass, wheat grass, and ryegrass was investigated in this study. The innovative use of coffee grounds leveraged not only their nutrient-rich composition but also their ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants, thereby significantly boosting phytoremediation efficiency. Notably, ryegrass achieved 48.7% V5+ removal within 6 d with initial 20 mg/L V5+ (0.338 mg/L·d·g ryegrass). When combined with coffee grounds, V5+ removal by using wheat grass increased substantially, rising from 30.51% to 62.91%. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models, trained with optimized parameters including a learning rate of 0.1, max depth of 3, and n_estimators of 300, were employed to predict and optimize V5+ concentrations in the phytoremediation process. These models were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) metrics, achieving high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.95, MSE = 1.20). Feature importance analysis further identified the initial V5+ concentration and experimental duration as the most significant factors influencing the model's predictions. The addition of coffee grounds not only mitigated the stress of heavy metals on ryegrass, leading to significant reductions in CAT (87.2%), POD (98.8%), and SOD (39.2%) activities in ryegrass roots, but also significantly altered the microbial community abundance in the plant roots. This research provided an innovative enhancement to traditional phytoremediation methods, and established a new paradigm for using machine learning to predict and optimize V5+ remediation outcomes. The effectiveness of this technology in multi-metal polluted environments warrants further investigation in the future.
{"title":"Enhanced phytoremediation of vanadium using coffee grounds and fast-growing plants: Integrating machine learning for predictive modeling.","authors":"Liting Hao, Hongliang Zhou, Ziheng Zhao, Jinming Zhang, Bowei Fu, Xiaodi Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vanadium (V) contamination posed a significant environmental challenge, while phytoremediation offered a sustainable solution. Phytoremediation performance was often limited by the slow growth cycles of traditional plants. A novel approach to enhancing V phytoremediation by integrating coffee grounds with fast-growing plants such as barley grass, wheat grass, and ryegrass was investigated in this study. The innovative use of coffee grounds leveraged not only their nutrient-rich composition but also their ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants, thereby significantly boosting phytoremediation efficiency. Notably, ryegrass achieved 48.7% V<sup>5+</sup> removal within 6 d with initial 20 mg/L V<sup>5+</sup> (0.338 mg/L·d·g ryegrass). When combined with coffee grounds, V<sup>5+</sup> removal by using wheat grass increased substantially, rising from 30.51% to 62.91%. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models, trained with optimized parameters including a learning rate of 0.1, max depth of 3, and n_estimators of 300, were employed to predict and optimize V<sup>5+</sup> concentrations in the phytoremediation process. These models were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) metrics, achieving high predictive accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95, MSE = 1.20). Feature importance analysis further identified the initial V<sup>5+</sup> concentration and experimental duration as the most significant factors influencing the model's predictions. The addition of coffee grounds not only mitigated the stress of heavy metals on ryegrass, leading to significant reductions in CAT (87.2%), POD (98.8%), and SOD (39.2%) activities in ryegrass roots, but also significantly altered the microbial community abundance in the plant roots. This research provided an innovative enhancement to traditional phytoremediation methods, and established a new paradigm for using machine learning to predict and optimize V<sup>5+</sup> remediation outcomes. The effectiveness of this technology in multi-metal polluted environments warrants further investigation in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122735
Yury M Peralta, Rafael Molina, Sonia Moreno
The rice industry is of great importance worldwide and within the cereal industrialization process, rice husk is obtained as waste, a by-product with various alternative uses, among others, the obtaining of amorphous silica, a covalent oxide with chemical, structural and textural properties suitable for use as catalytic support. This review shows the potential of rice husk silica in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts with transition metals for the oxidation of different polluting molecules present in water, as well as the limitations of the catalytic system and the way to overcome them through new synthesis routes, to obtain single atom catalysts - SACs. The main preparation strategies applied for aqueous phase systems are summarized, as well as the studies of single atom catalysts in oxidation reactions of recalcitrant compounds using silica as support and, finally, the perspectives and opportunities regarding this novel topic.
{"title":"Rice HUSK silica: A review from conventional uses to new catalysts for advanced oxidation processes.","authors":"Yury M Peralta, Rafael Molina, Sonia Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rice industry is of great importance worldwide and within the cereal industrialization process, rice husk is obtained as waste, a by-product with various alternative uses, among others, the obtaining of amorphous silica, a covalent oxide with chemical, structural and textural properties suitable for use as catalytic support. This review shows the potential of rice husk silica in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts with transition metals for the oxidation of different polluting molecules present in water, as well as the limitations of the catalytic system and the way to overcome them through new synthesis routes, to obtain single atom catalysts - SACs. The main preparation strategies applied for aqueous phase systems are summarized, as well as the studies of single atom catalysts in oxidation reactions of recalcitrant compounds using silica as support and, finally, the perspectives and opportunities regarding this novel topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122695
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Carbon dioxide removal is considered by many as an essential piece to achieve global net zero targets which was also mentioned by the third working group of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. On top of this, green hydrogen is badly needed to achive carbon-free society long-term sustainability. This study proposes a new five-step sodium hydroxide thermochemical cycle for simultaneous hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal, which is driven by the heat at least 400 °C. The proposed integrated cycle can be driven by clean energy sources that can be utilized to generate heat at required temperatures. The proposed system is designed and analyzed by using energy and exergy approaches of thermodynamics. A case study is also developed in order to understand the effects of changing parameters on system performance. A thermochemical hydrogen production cycle is designed with an unequilibrium reaction where the respective heat capacity calculation models are employed. According to the calculations, more than half of the energy content of process heat can be converted into hydrogen, where maximum energy and exergy efficiencies of the thermochemical cycle are found as 50.05% and 76.61% when the separation reaction is carried out at 400 °C. According to the case study results, a parabolic trough collector type concentrated solar energy system with 295 kW of heat sink capacity, can generate 5216.65 kg of hydrogen and capture 19,991.97 kg of carbon dioxide in a location where 1500.11 kWh of solar energy is reached per m2 of area in a typical year.
许多人认为,清除二氧化碳是实现全球净零排放目标的重要一环,政府间气候变化专门委员会第三工作组也提到了这一点。此外,要实现无碳社会的长期可持续发展,迫切需要绿色氢气。本研究提出了一种新的五步氢氧化钠热化学循环,可同时制氢和去除二氧化碳,该循环由至少 400 °C 的热量驱动。拟议的综合循环可由清洁能源驱动,这些能源可用于产生所需温度的热量。该系统的设计和分析采用了热力学的能量和放能方法。此外,还进行了案例研究,以了解参数变化对系统性能的影响。设计了一个不平衡反应的热化学制氢循环,并采用了相应的热容量计算模型。根据计算结果,超过一半的工艺热能可转化为氢气,当分离反应在 400 °C 下进行时,热化学循环的最大能量效率和放能效率分别为 50.05% 和 76.61%。根据案例研究结果,抛物槽集热器式聚光太阳能系统的散热能力为 295 千瓦,在典型年份每平方米面积的太阳能消耗量为 1500.11 千瓦时的地点,该系统可产生 5216.65 千克氢气,并捕获 19991.97 千克二氧化碳。
{"title":"A new carbon-negative hydrogen production cycle for better sustainability.","authors":"Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dioxide removal is considered by many as an essential piece to achieve global net zero targets which was also mentioned by the third working group of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. On top of this, green hydrogen is badly needed to achive carbon-free society long-term sustainability. This study proposes a new five-step sodium hydroxide thermochemical cycle for simultaneous hydrogen production and carbon dioxide removal, which is driven by the heat at least 400 °C. The proposed integrated cycle can be driven by clean energy sources that can be utilized to generate heat at required temperatures. The proposed system is designed and analyzed by using energy and exergy approaches of thermodynamics. A case study is also developed in order to understand the effects of changing parameters on system performance. A thermochemical hydrogen production cycle is designed with an unequilibrium reaction where the respective heat capacity calculation models are employed. According to the calculations, more than half of the energy content of process heat can be converted into hydrogen, where maximum energy and exergy efficiencies of the thermochemical cycle are found as 50.05% and 76.61% when the separation reaction is carried out at 400 °C. According to the case study results, a parabolic trough collector type concentrated solar energy system with 295 kW of heat sink capacity, can generate 5216.65 kg of hydrogen and capture 19,991.97 kg of carbon dioxide in a location where 1500.11 kWh of solar energy is reached per m<sup>2</sup> of area in a typical year.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122785
Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri, Ali Mostafaeipour, Maghsoud Amiri
Due to industrial development, expansion of communities, and attention to sustainable development, sustainable energy supply has become a big challenge for communities. In this regard, the development and use of Renewable Energy (RE) are considered due to reducing the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels. Improving the efficiency of the Renewable Energy Supply Chain (RESC) is important for using RE. To improve the performance and efficiency of RESC, it is necessary to use emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration with the principles of the Circular Economy (CE). Therefore, this study proposes integrating IoT and CE for sustainable development and resource management in RESC. Also, this research provides a hybrid decision framework to assess the challenges of IoT and CE in the RESC of Iran. The CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) technique is used to specify the importance of the criteria. The Fuzzy Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (FEDAS) technique ranks the challenges. The findings indicated that considering the cost of investment, the rate of return on investment, and the productivity rate were the most important sub-criteria with values of 0.149, 0.129, and 0.106 respectively. Then, the sensitivity of the results is examined and the validation of the findings is analyzed with decision-making methods. The results indicate the high priority of the challenge related to transparency in the implementation procedures of IoT and RE projects and information dissemination protocols, the development of guidelines for the integration of IoT in other systems in the information network, and the amount of investment and lack of access to financial resources. This study provided practical insights for RE development based on IoT and CE capabilities for energy planning.
{"title":"Evaluating challenges of circular economy and Internet of Things in renewable energy supply chain through a hybrid decision-making framework.","authors":"Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri, Ali Mostafaeipour, Maghsoud Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to industrial development, expansion of communities, and attention to sustainable development, sustainable energy supply has become a big challenge for communities. In this regard, the development and use of Renewable Energy (RE) are considered due to reducing the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels. Improving the efficiency of the Renewable Energy Supply Chain (RESC) is important for using RE. To improve the performance and efficiency of RESC, it is necessary to use emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and its integration with the principles of the Circular Economy (CE). Therefore, this study proposes integrating IoT and CE for sustainable development and resource management in RESC. Also, this research provides a hybrid decision framework to assess the challenges of IoT and CE in the RESC of Iran. The CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) technique is used to specify the importance of the criteria. The Fuzzy Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (FEDAS) technique ranks the challenges. The findings indicated that considering the cost of investment, the rate of return on investment, and the productivity rate were the most important sub-criteria with values of 0.149, 0.129, and 0.106 respectively. Then, the sensitivity of the results is examined and the validation of the findings is analyzed with decision-making methods. The results indicate the high priority of the challenge related to transparency in the implementation procedures of IoT and RE projects and information dissemination protocols, the development of guidelines for the integration of IoT in other systems in the information network, and the amount of investment and lack of access to financial resources. This study provided practical insights for RE development based on IoT and CE capabilities for energy planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824
Huiyin Huang, Juan Luo, Rui Ma, Dengcai Zhang, Shichang Sun, Chaoyong Du
Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) is still a global issue. The maintenance of long-term stability of HMs in soil during immobilization remediation is a challenge. Microwave (MW) technology can promote the immobilization of HMs in the form of crystals and minerals, thus enhancing their resistance of corrosion. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of MW irradiation through 177 papers, and reviews the research progress of MW involvement in the immobilization of soil HMs in 10 years. The effects of MW parameter settings, absorber/fixative types and soil physicochemical properties on immobilized HMs are investigated. The immobilization mechanisms of HMs are discussed, high-temperature physical encapsulation and chemical stabilization are the two basic mechanisms in the immobilization process. MW has a unique heating method to achieve efficient remediation by shortening remediation time, reducing the activation energy of reactions and promoting the transformation of stabilization products. Finally, the current limitations of MW in the remediation of HMs contaminated soils are systematically discussed and the corresponding proposed solutions are presented which may provide directions for further laboratory studies. There are still serious problems in taking the results obtained in the laboratory to the full scale. Thus, process optimization, scale-up, design and demonstration are strongly desired. In summary, this review may help new researchers to seize the research frontier in MW and can serve as a reference for future development of MW technology in soil remediation.
土壤重金属(HMs)污染仍然是一个全球性问题。如何在固定化修复过程中保持土壤中 HMs 的长期稳定性是一项挑战。微波(MW)技术可以促进重金属以晶体和矿物的形式固定化,从而增强其抗腐蚀能力。本综述通过 177 篇论文全面介绍了微波辐照的基础知识,并回顾了 10 年来微波参与土壤 HMs 固定化的研究进展。研究了水力辐照参数设置、吸收剂/固定剂类型和土壤理化性质对固定化 HMs 的影响。讨论了 HMs 的固定化机制,高温物理封装和化学稳定是固定化过程中的两种基本机制。MW 具有独特的加热方法,可通过缩短修复时间、降低反应活化能和促进稳定化产物的转化来实现高效修复。最后,系统地讨论了目前 MW 在 HMs 污染土壤修复中的局限性,并提出了相应的解决方案,为进一步的实验室研究提供了方向。将实验室中获得的结果全面应用仍存在严重问题。因此,非常有必要进行工艺优化、规模扩大、设计和示范。总之,本综述可帮助新的研究人员抓住水处理技术的研究前沿,并为水处理技术在土壤修复领域的未来发展提供参考。
{"title":"Review on microwave immobilization of soil heavy metals: Processes and mechanisms.","authors":"Huiyin Huang, Juan Luo, Rui Ma, Dengcai Zhang, Shichang Sun, Chaoyong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) is still a global issue. The maintenance of long-term stability of HMs in soil during immobilization remediation is a challenge. Microwave (MW) technology can promote the immobilization of HMs in the form of crystals and minerals, thus enhancing their resistance of corrosion. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of MW irradiation through 177 papers, and reviews the research progress of MW involvement in the immobilization of soil HMs in 10 years. The effects of MW parameter settings, absorber/fixative types and soil physicochemical properties on immobilized HMs are investigated. The immobilization mechanisms of HMs are discussed, high-temperature physical encapsulation and chemical stabilization are the two basic mechanisms in the immobilization process. MW has a unique heating method to achieve efficient remediation by shortening remediation time, reducing the activation energy of reactions and promoting the transformation of stabilization products. Finally, the current limitations of MW in the remediation of HMs contaminated soils are systematically discussed and the corresponding proposed solutions are presented which may provide directions for further laboratory studies. There are still serious problems in taking the results obtained in the laboratory to the full scale. Thus, process optimization, scale-up, design and demonstration are strongly desired. In summary, this review may help new researchers to seize the research frontier in MW and can serve as a reference for future development of MW technology in soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122751
Ziwei Liang, Junhao Wu, De-Chun He, Yan Li, Yan-Qiu Liang, Jia-Wu Hu, Meng-Yao Zou, Jian-Feng Ning, Wang-Rong Liu
Environmental estrogens are currently a significant research topic, and poultry manure serves as a crucial source. This study investigated the degradation characteristics and effect mechanisms of six estrogens (E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, 17α-EE2, and DES) during the aerobic composting of chicken manure. An orthogonal test comprising four factors (aeration rate, calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (Ca-Mg-P fertilizer), coconut shell biochar, initial moisture content) and three levels of aerobic composting was conducted over a 45-day period to monitor the changes in estrogens and basic parameters. The results indicated that the factors influencing the estrogen degradation rate ranked as: initial moisture content (MC) > Ca-Mg-P fertilizer > aeration rate > coconut shell biochar. These factors significantly influenced the abundance of estrogen-degrading genera. Optimal composting conditions for estrogen degradation were identified as the addition of 10% coconut shell biochar, maintaining an initial moisture content of 60%, and using an aeration rate of 0.08 L min-1∙kg-1DM (dry matter), with an average degradation rate of 86.88% for the six estrogens under these conditions. During the composting process under various treatments, five known estrogen-degrading genera were observed with high relative abundance (max 31.08%), and the predominant genera were Staphylococcus and Brachybacterium for 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, 17α-EE2, and DES, and Pusillimonas for E1. The composition of microbial community structure changed significantly, and the dominated environment factors effecting the composition and succession of these genera were carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and MC. The research results can provide both a theoretical basis and practical reference for the effective degradation of estrogens during the composting of chicken manure.
{"title":"Degradation characteristics and effect mechanisms of estrogens during aerobic composting of chicken manure based on the orthogonal test.","authors":"Ziwei Liang, Junhao Wu, De-Chun He, Yan Li, Yan-Qiu Liang, Jia-Wu Hu, Meng-Yao Zou, Jian-Feng Ning, Wang-Rong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental estrogens are currently a significant research topic, and poultry manure serves as a crucial source. This study investigated the degradation characteristics and effect mechanisms of six estrogens (E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, 17α-EE2, and DES) during the aerobic composting of chicken manure. An orthogonal test comprising four factors (aeration rate, calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer (Ca-Mg-P fertilizer), coconut shell biochar, initial moisture content) and three levels of aerobic composting was conducted over a 45-day period to monitor the changes in estrogens and basic parameters. The results indicated that the factors influencing the estrogen degradation rate ranked as: initial moisture content (MC) > Ca-Mg-P fertilizer > aeration rate > coconut shell biochar. These factors significantly influenced the abundance of estrogen-degrading genera. Optimal composting conditions for estrogen degradation were identified as the addition of 10% coconut shell biochar, maintaining an initial moisture content of 60%, and using an aeration rate of 0.08 L min<sup>-1</sup>∙kg<sup>-1</sup>DM (dry matter), with an average degradation rate of 86.88% for the six estrogens under these conditions. During the composting process under various treatments, five known estrogen-degrading genera were observed with high relative abundance (max 31.08%), and the predominant genera were Staphylococcus and Brachybacterium for 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, 17α-EE2, and DES, and Pusillimonas for E1. The composition of microbial community structure changed significantly, and the dominated environment factors effecting the composition and succession of these genera were carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) and MC. The research results can provide both a theoretical basis and practical reference for the effective degradation of estrogens during the composting of chicken manure.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar is widely used due to its potential in direct or indirect soil carbon sequestration. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the changes in the physicochemical properties of biochar after long-term application in different types of soils and the effects on CO2 emissions. In this study, paddy soil and fluvisol were selected as typical acidic and alkaline soils. Rice biochar (RB) and maize biochar (MB) were incorporated into paddy soil and fluvisol for one year, and characterizations (e.g., SEM-EDS, FTIR, 3D-EEM, and TG-DTG) of pristine and aged biochars were analyzed. Incubation experiments were conducted to assess the impact of aged biochar on CO2 emissions from paddy soil and fluvisol. Results indicated consistent trends in the physicochemical properties of biochar after one year of aging in both acidic and alkaline soils. Aged biochars exhibited significant structural degradation, increased specific surface area, and increased oxygen-containing functional groups. The DOM fluorescence intensity of biochar decreased and the thermal stability increased after aging. Compared to pristine biochar, aged biochar promoted soil carbon sequestration, resulting in varied reductions in cumulative CO2 emissions from paddy soil and fluvisol in the short term. Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis and PCA loading plot revealed that field-aged biochar primarily influenced CO2 emissions from soil and carbon sequestration by reducing biochar DOC release and bioavailability of DOM, while enhancing the humification of biochar DOM. These findings suggest that aged biochar favors soil carbon sequestration in the short term, both in acidic and alkaline soils.
生物炭具有直接或间接固碳的潜力,因此被广泛使用。然而,关于生物炭在不同类型土壤中长期施用后理化性质的变化及其对二氧化碳排放的影响,目前还缺乏全面的研究。本研究选择了水稻土和氟维索尔作为典型的酸性和碱性土壤。将水稻生物炭(RB)和玉米生物炭(MB)掺入水稻土和氟硅醇中一年,分析原始生物炭和老化生物炭的特性(如 SEM-EDS、FTIR、3D-EEM 和 TG-DTG)。还进行了培养实验,以评估陈化生物炭对稻田土壤二氧化碳排放和氟硅醇的影响。结果表明,在酸性和碱性土壤中陈化一年后,生物炭的理化性质呈现出一致的趋势。老化的生物炭表现出明显的结构退化、比表面积增大和含氧功能基团增多。老化后,生物炭的 DOM 荧光强度降低,热稳定性提高。与原始生物炭相比,陈化生物炭能促进土壤固碳,从而在短期内减少水稻田土壤和氟硅醇的二氧化碳累积排放量。斯皮尔曼相关系数分析和 PCA 负载图显示,田间陈化生物炭主要通过减少生物炭 DOC 释放量和 DOM 的生物利用率,同时提高生物炭 DOM 的腐殖化作用,来影响土壤的二氧化碳排放量和固碳量。这些研究结果表明,无论是在酸性土壤还是碱性土壤中,陈化生物炭都有利于土壤的短期固碳。
{"title":"Field aging slows down biochar-mediated soil carbon dioxide emissions.","authors":"Yue Pan, Yingjie Yin, Prabhakar Sharma, Sihang Zhu, Jianying Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biochar is widely used due to its potential in direct or indirect soil carbon sequestration. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the changes in the physicochemical properties of biochar after long-term application in different types of soils and the effects on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In this study, paddy soil and fluvisol were selected as typical acidic and alkaline soils. Rice biochar (RB) and maize biochar (MB) were incorporated into paddy soil and fluvisol for one year, and characterizations (e.g., SEM-EDS, FTIR, 3D-EEM, and TG-DTG) of pristine and aged biochars were analyzed. Incubation experiments were conducted to assess the impact of aged biochar on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from paddy soil and fluvisol. Results indicated consistent trends in the physicochemical properties of biochar after one year of aging in both acidic and alkaline soils. Aged biochars exhibited significant structural degradation, increased specific surface area, and increased oxygen-containing functional groups. The DOM fluorescence intensity of biochar decreased and the thermal stability increased after aging. Compared to pristine biochar, aged biochar promoted soil carbon sequestration, resulting in varied reductions in cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from paddy soil and fluvisol in the short term. Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis and PCA loading plot revealed that field-aged biochar primarily influenced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from soil and carbon sequestration by reducing biochar DOC release and bioavailability of DOM, while enhancing the humification of biochar DOM. These findings suggest that aged biochar favors soil carbon sequestration in the short term, both in acidic and alkaline soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122758
Jie Xiong, Dongsheng Zou, Jianguo Kang, Yingying Mo, Lin Li, Likun Zhan, Qingdan Wu, Zhihua Xiao
Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is an economic crop with abundant biomass and remarkable capacity for cadmium (Cd) uptake. In a two-year field experiment, the translocation and accumulation mechanisms of Cd in peanuts were investigated following inoculation of Bacillus megaterium (BM) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH). The results demonstrated that inoculating BM and TH enhanced both biomass and Cd concentration in peanut roots and shoots compared with those of the CK treatment. There was no statistically significant difference observed in kernel biomass between peanut plants inoculated with TH and the CK treatment. The inoculation of BM and TH increased the Cd concentration in the soluble fraction of peanut roots by 24.36% and 102.78%, thus promoting Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Additionally, inoculating BM and TH resulted in a 31.75% and 52.88% elevation in Cd concentration within the leaf cell walls, thereby facilitating the accumulation of Cd within the shoots. Simultaneously, inoculating BM and TH enhanced the concentration of highly bioavailable Cd forms in peanuts. The accumulation of Cd in shoots is the primary factor determining the phytoextraction capacity in peanut, and inoculation of TH resulted in a 16.35-54.54% increase in shoot biomass and an enhancement of 99.10-99.95% in shoot Cd concentration. Therefore, inoculating TH can enhance the phytoextraction capacity for Cd in peanuts, particularly the production of economically valuable components (kernels), without compromising production.
{"title":"Improving peanut growth and cadmium phytoextraction capacity by inoculating Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma harzianum.","authors":"Jie Xiong, Dongsheng Zou, Jianguo Kang, Yingying Mo, Lin Li, Likun Zhan, Qingdan Wu, Zhihua Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is an economic crop with abundant biomass and remarkable capacity for cadmium (Cd) uptake. In a two-year field experiment, the translocation and accumulation mechanisms of Cd in peanuts were investigated following inoculation of Bacillus megaterium (BM) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH). The results demonstrated that inoculating BM and TH enhanced both biomass and Cd concentration in peanut roots and shoots compared with those of the CK treatment. There was no statistically significant difference observed in kernel biomass between peanut plants inoculated with TH and the CK treatment. The inoculation of BM and TH increased the Cd concentration in the soluble fraction of peanut roots by 24.36% and 102.78%, thus promoting Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Additionally, inoculating BM and TH resulted in a 31.75% and 52.88% elevation in Cd concentration within the leaf cell walls, thereby facilitating the accumulation of Cd within the shoots. Simultaneously, inoculating BM and TH enhanced the concentration of highly bioavailable Cd forms in peanuts. The accumulation of Cd in shoots is the primary factor determining the phytoextraction capacity in peanut, and inoculation of TH resulted in a 16.35-54.54% increase in shoot biomass and an enhancement of 99.10-99.95% in shoot Cd concentration. Therefore, inoculating TH can enhance the phytoextraction capacity for Cd in peanuts, particularly the production of economically valuable components (kernels), without compromising production.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}