Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124708
Rodolfo S.M. Freitas , Jacques Honigbaum , Soulemayne Zio , Gabriel M. Guerra , Fernando A. Rochinha
Identifying sources and understanding the evolution of the spread of contaminants in aquifers is critical and often results in a high-dimensional inverse problem. Computer contaminant transport models are developed by combining physical principles and phenomenological closure equations. However, such models suffer from considerable conceptual uncertainties, mainly due to using phenomenological closures to describe the contaminant adsorption in the media. In the present work, we investigated the impact of employing phenomenological state equations in the contaminant transport model to characterize the adsorption of contaminants in a porous media. Also, we adopted an embedded Bayesian error approach to understand the limits of using adsorption isotherms to describe the contaminant adsorption. We phrase it as a probabilistic error model and test the efficacy of a deep learning surrogate to replace the partial differential equations-based subsurface flow and contaminant transport model. The results show that the adsorption term plays a key role, yielding a higher level of uncertainty in the contaminant transport modeling, and the use of such a closure must be taken with care since the parameters are chosen to meet certain geochemical conditions.
{"title":"Bayesian uncertainty estimation of adsorption closure models in the computational simulation of contaminant transport","authors":"Rodolfo S.M. Freitas , Jacques Honigbaum , Soulemayne Zio , Gabriel M. Guerra , Fernando A. Rochinha","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying sources and understanding the evolution of the spread of contaminants in aquifers is critical and often results in a high-dimensional inverse problem. Computer contaminant transport models are developed by combining physical principles and phenomenological closure equations. However, such models suffer from considerable conceptual uncertainties, mainly due to using phenomenological closures to describe the contaminant adsorption in the media. In the present work, we investigated the impact of employing phenomenological state equations in the contaminant transport model to characterize the adsorption of contaminants in a porous media. Also, we adopted an embedded Bayesian error approach to understand the limits of using adsorption isotherms to describe the contaminant adsorption. We phrase it as a probabilistic error model and test the efficacy of a deep learning surrogate to replace the partial differential equations-based subsurface flow and contaminant transport model. The results show that the adsorption term plays a key role, yielding a higher level of uncertainty in the contaminant transport modeling, and the use of such a closure must be taken with care since the parameters are chosen to meet certain geochemical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124808
Yike Zhang , Zengyi Ma , Zhiming Han , Xiangjin Liu , Changliang Dong , Jin Xia , Bingyi Zhang , Jingqi Sun , Jiadong Zhang , Penglin Ma , Jianhua Yan
The melting/vitrification method is a promising approach for the large-scale, rapid, and harmless disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). However, this method inevitably involves challenges related to secondary pollution. A 2 t/d pilot-scale melting furnace was built to investigate the distribution and migration of pollutant components—specifically heavy metals, sulfur, and chloride—within secondary fly ash (SFA), vitrified slag (VS), and ash in the flue gas channel (AFC) during the melting process of MSWIFA. The results demonstrate that the high-temperature melting process facilitated the migration of volatile heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) from MSWIFA to SFA. These metals exhibited strong leaching abilities, resulting in a high ecological risk index (RI) of 792, signifying an extremely high ecological risk and potential harm. Conversely, the high-temperature melting process promoted the migration of nonvolatile heavy metals (Cr, As, and Ni) from MSWIFA to VS, where their leaching was minimal, resulting in a low RI value of 47 and a correspondingly low potential ecological risk. Furthermore, the addition of auxiliary materials, quartz sand, and alumina facilitated the migration of volatile heavy metals from SFA to AFC while simultaneously promoting the migration of nonvolatile heavy metals from MSWIFA to VS. This redistribution effectively mitigated the harmful effects of SFA and enhanced the immobilization of heavy metals within the VS. Additionally, the migration characteristics of sulfur and chlorine pollutants were the same as those of volatile heavy metals. The addition of quartz sand and alumina effectively reduced the concentrations of SO2 and HCl in the exhaust gas. Therefore, from a pollutant control perspective, quartz sand and alumina serve as effective inhibitors of MSWIFA melting.
{"title":"Distribution and migration of pollutant elements during municipal solid waste incineration fly ash melting in a pilot-scale furnace","authors":"Yike Zhang , Zengyi Ma , Zhiming Han , Xiangjin Liu , Changliang Dong , Jin Xia , Bingyi Zhang , Jingqi Sun , Jiadong Zhang , Penglin Ma , Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The melting/vitrification method is a promising approach for the large-scale, rapid, and harmless disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). However, this method inevitably involves challenges related to secondary pollution. A 2 t/d pilot-scale melting furnace was built to investigate the distribution and migration of pollutant components—specifically heavy metals, sulfur, and chloride—within secondary fly ash (SFA), vitrified slag (VS), and ash in the flue gas channel (AFC) during the melting process of MSWIFA. The results demonstrate that the high-temperature melting process facilitated the migration of volatile heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) from MSWIFA to SFA. These metals exhibited strong leaching abilities, resulting in a high ecological risk index (RI) of 792, signifying an extremely high ecological risk and potential harm. Conversely, the high-temperature melting process promoted the migration of nonvolatile heavy metals (Cr, As, and Ni) from MSWIFA to VS, where their leaching was minimal, resulting in a low RI value of 47 and a correspondingly low potential ecological risk. Furthermore, the addition of auxiliary materials, quartz sand, and alumina facilitated the migration of volatile heavy metals from SFA to AFC while simultaneously promoting the migration of nonvolatile heavy metals from MSWIFA to VS. This redistribution effectively mitigated the harmful effects of SFA and enhanced the immobilization of heavy metals within the VS. Additionally, the migration characteristics of sulfur and chlorine pollutants were the same as those of volatile heavy metals. The addition of quartz sand and alumina effectively reduced the concentrations of SO<sub>2</sub> and HCl in the exhaust gas. Therefore, from a pollutant control perspective, quartz sand and alumina serve as effective inhibitors of MSWIFA melting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124808"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124801
Jihua Zhai , Xinrui Niu , Pan Chen , Changyi Fan , Zhiyong Chen , Yaohui Yang
With the booming of rechargeable battery production for energy transition to a cleaner pattern, more lithium refinery residues (LRRs) are being generated and feasible ways to LRRs consumption must be found. In this work, recent advances in utilizing LRRs for fabrication of cement, concrete and geopolymer as well as some other applications, are critically reviewed. It is demonstrated that LRRs contain a significant number of micro-fine particles and are abundant in silica and alumina contents. LRRs have certain pozzolanic properties supporting their beneficial reuse as supplementary cementitious materials. Overall, proper LRRs incorporation in these products can enhance their engineering properties and reduce the production costs and emissions. Finally, challenges and further perspectives are discussed on the beneficial reuse of LRRs in construction materials production. This work sheds new insights for future studies in contributing to the sustainable management of LRRs.
{"title":"Lithium refinery residue reuse in construction materials production: Status, challenges and further perspectives","authors":"Jihua Zhai , Xinrui Niu , Pan Chen , Changyi Fan , Zhiyong Chen , Yaohui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the booming of rechargeable battery production for energy transition to a cleaner pattern, more lithium refinery residues (LRRs) are being generated and feasible ways to LRRs consumption must be found. In this work, recent advances in utilizing LRRs for fabrication of cement, concrete and geopolymer as well as some other applications, are critically reviewed. It is demonstrated that LRRs contain a significant number of micro-fine particles and are abundant in silica and alumina contents. LRRs have certain pozzolanic properties supporting their beneficial reuse as supplementary cementitious materials. Overall, proper LRRs incorporation in these products can enhance their engineering properties and reduce the production costs and emissions. Finally, challenges and further perspectives are discussed on the beneficial reuse of LRRs in construction materials production. This work sheds new insights for future studies in contributing to the sustainable management of LRRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124801"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Failures within water distribution networks (WDNs) lead to significant environmental and economic impacts. While existing research has established various predictive models for pipe failures, there remains a lack of studies focusing on the probability of leaks and bursts. Addressing this gap, the present study introduces a new approach that harnesses deep learning algorithms — Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and TabNet for failure prediction. The study enhances these base models by optimising their hyperparameters using Bayesian Optimisation (BO) and further refining the models through data scaling. The Copeland algorithm and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are also applied for model ranking and interpretation, respectively. Applying this methodology to Hong Kong's WDN data, the study evaluates the models' predictive performance across several metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and Cohen's Kappa. Results demonstrate that BO significantly enhances the models' predictive abilities, such that the TabNet model's F1 score for leak prediction increases by 36.2% on standardised data. The Copeland algorithm identifies CNN as the most effective model for predicting both leak and burst probabilities. As indicated by SHAP values, critical features influencing model predictions include pipe diameter, material, and age. The optimised CNN model has been deployed as user-friendly web applications for predicting the probability of leaks and bursts, enabling both single-pipe and batch predictions. This research provides crucial insights for WDN management, equipping water utilities with sophisticated tools to forecast the probability of pipe failure, enabling more effective mitigation of such failures.
{"title":"Explainable deep learning models for predicting water pipe failures","authors":"Ridwan Taiwo , Tarek Zayed , Beenish Bakhtawar , Bryan T. Adey","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Failures within water distribution networks (WDNs) lead to significant environmental and economic impacts. While existing research has established various predictive models for pipe failures, there remains a lack of studies focusing on the probability of leaks and bursts. Addressing this gap, the present study introduces a new approach that harnesses deep learning algorithms — Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and TabNet for failure prediction. The study enhances these base models by optimising their hyperparameters using Bayesian Optimisation (BO) and further refining the models through data scaling. The Copeland algorithm and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are also applied for model ranking and interpretation, respectively. Applying this methodology to Hong Kong's WDN data, the study evaluates the models' predictive performance across several metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and Cohen's Kappa. Results demonstrate that BO significantly enhances the models' predictive abilities, such that the TabNet model's F1 score for leak prediction increases by 36.2% on standardised data. The Copeland algorithm identifies CNN as the most effective model for predicting both leak and burst probabilities. As indicated by SHAP values, critical features influencing model predictions include pipe diameter, material, and age. The optimised CNN model has been deployed as user-friendly web applications for predicting the probability of leaks and bursts, enabling both single-pipe and batch predictions. This research provides crucial insights for WDN management, equipping water utilities with sophisticated tools to forecast the probability of pipe failure, enabling more effective mitigation of such failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124731
Tairan Zhou , Luxin Zhang , Xu Yang , Zeen Wu , Ziye Yang , Jie Wang , Ning Chen , Xueqin Ren , Shuwen Hu
Paddy cultivation has become a widely adopted approach for saline-sodic wasteland reclamation, aiming to mitigate the food crisis and enhance soil quality. Nevertheless, the impact of long-term paddy cultivation on the interplay between soil quality, microbial metabolic functions, and soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated soil physicochemical properties, the abundance of 132 biomarker functional genes, and soil EMF across a 78-year period of saline-sodic paddy cultivation. After 78 years of paddy cultivation, soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) decreased by 43.38% and 93.02% compared to saline-sodic wasteland (WL), respectively. Moreover, principal component analysis was used to select a minimal dataset of soil indicators and to establish a soil quality index (SQI). Significant positive correlations were observed between SQI and rice yield, implying that soil quality was the main factor driving increases in saline-sodic farmland. The Mantel test indicates that soil microbial biomass, SQI, and the availability of nutrients exhibit a significant positive relationship with the abundance and expression of genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling, encompassing crucial biogeochemical processes like hemicellulose degradation, C fixation, N degradation, and organic P mineralization. This indicates that changes in soil physicochemical properties significantly affect biogeochemical cycling in saline-sodic soils. Differences in the abundance of microbial P core functional genes explained 41.9% of variation in soil EMF, followed by key soil physicochemical indicators (EC, available potassium, microbial biomass nitrogen, etc.) selected through random forest analysis. Further, we identified a key threshold for changes in soil EMF during long-term saline-sodic paddy cultivation, with EMF increasing for the first 20 years of restoration before decreasing thereafter. Finally, partial least squares path modeling revealed the roles of microbial functional genes and SQI in driving soil EMF before and after the threshold. Soil EMF is primarily influenced by the significant negative effects of P functional genes prior to the threshold value, whereas beyond the threshold, it is mainly affected by the positive effects of C functional genes. These findings provide insights into the functional restoration and sustainable development of saline-sodic agricultural ecosystems.
{"title":"Prioritizing microbial functions over soil quality for enhanced multifunctionality in saline-sodic soil remediation","authors":"Tairan Zhou , Luxin Zhang , Xu Yang , Zeen Wu , Ziye Yang , Jie Wang , Ning Chen , Xueqin Ren , Shuwen Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paddy cultivation has become a widely adopted approach for saline-sodic wasteland reclamation, aiming to mitigate the food crisis and enhance soil quality. Nevertheless, the impact of long-term paddy cultivation on the interplay between soil quality, microbial metabolic functions, and soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated soil physicochemical properties, the abundance of 132 biomarker functional genes, and soil EMF across a 78-year period of saline-sodic paddy cultivation. After 78 years of paddy cultivation, soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) decreased by 43.38% and 93.02% compared to saline-sodic wasteland (WL), respectively. Moreover, principal component analysis was used to select a minimal dataset of soil indicators and to establish a soil quality index (SQI). Significant positive correlations were observed between SQI and rice yield, implying that soil quality was the main factor driving increases in saline-sodic farmland. The Mantel test indicates that soil microbial biomass, SQI, and the availability of nutrients exhibit a significant positive relationship with the abundance and expression of genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling, encompassing crucial biogeochemical processes like hemicellulose degradation, C fixation, N degradation, and organic P mineralization. This indicates that changes in soil physicochemical properties significantly affect biogeochemical cycling in saline-sodic soils. Differences in the abundance of microbial P core functional genes explained 41.9% of variation in soil EMF, followed by key soil physicochemical indicators (EC, available potassium, microbial biomass nitrogen, etc.) selected through random forest analysis. Further, we identified a key threshold for changes in soil EMF during long-term saline-sodic paddy cultivation, with EMF increasing for the first 20 years of restoration before decreasing thereafter. Finally, partial least squares path modeling revealed the roles of microbial functional genes and SQI in driving soil EMF before and after the threshold. Soil EMF is primarily influenced by the significant negative effects of P functional genes prior to the threshold value, whereas beyond the threshold, it is mainly affected by the positive effects of C functional genes. These findings provide insights into the functional restoration and sustainable development of saline-sodic agricultural ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124731"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124774
Simeng Chen , Guozhang Bao , Yanan Xu , Huixin Wang , Lingzhi Tian , Jinke Hu , Zhaoxing Wu , Kaino Yano.W
Freeze-thaw (FT) cycles significantly stress crops in Northeast China, exacerbated by pesticide overuse, particularly affecting vulnerable seedlings during these periods. This study investigates the physiological responses of Secale cereale L. seedlings to the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and the fungicide triadimefon (T) under simulated FT conditions. Our findings reveal that both pesticides impair photosynthesis in FT environments, resulting in increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative conductivity (RC). Furthermore, exposure to IMI and T enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Notably, combined stress resulted in significant increases of 80.26%, 16.36%, and 87.7% in RC, SOD, and POD activities, respectively, alongside substantial decreases of 65.87%, 46.34%, 63.74%, and 63.78% in net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and water-use efficiency (WUE) in rye seedlings. Molecular docking analyses indicate that IMI and T interact with the active sites of SOD, POD, and APX through hydrogen bonding, compromising membrane integrity and inducing oxidative stress. While Secale cereale L. seedlings exhibit some resistance to IMI and T, FT conditions reduce this resilience. Correlation analysis reveals significant interactions between FT and pesticide stress on seedling physiology, suggesting that the concurrent use of IMI and T should be minimized in FT-prone areas. This study provides new insights into the pathways and mechanisms underlying the combined toxicity of IMI and T, offering a basis for assessing their environmental impacts on crops in regions susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles.
{"title":"Assessment of the mechanism of combined toxicity of imidacloprid and triadimefon to Secale cereale L. seedlings under freeze-thaw cycle conditions","authors":"Simeng Chen , Guozhang Bao , Yanan Xu , Huixin Wang , Lingzhi Tian , Jinke Hu , Zhaoxing Wu , Kaino Yano.W","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze-thaw (FT) cycles significantly stress crops in Northeast China, exacerbated by pesticide overuse, particularly affecting vulnerable seedlings during these periods. This study investigates the physiological responses of <em>Secale cereale</em> L. seedlings to the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and the fungicide triadimefon (T) under simulated FT conditions. Our findings reveal that both pesticides impair photosynthesis in FT environments, resulting in increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative conductivity (RC). Furthermore, exposure to IMI and T enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), while decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) levels. Notably, combined stress resulted in significant increases of 80.26%, 16.36%, and 87.7% in RC, SOD, and POD activities, respectively, alongside substantial decreases of 65.87%, 46.34%, 63.74%, and 63.78% in net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and water-use efficiency (WUE) in rye seedlings. Molecular docking analyses indicate that IMI and T interact with the active sites of SOD, POD, and APX through hydrogen bonding, compromising membrane integrity and inducing oxidative stress. While <em>Secale cereale</em> L. seedlings exhibit some resistance to IMI and T, FT conditions reduce this resilience. Correlation analysis reveals significant interactions between FT and pesticide stress on seedling physiology, suggesting that the concurrent use of IMI and T should be minimized in FT-prone areas. This study provides new insights into the pathways and mechanisms underlying the combined toxicity of IMI and T, offering a basis for assessing their environmental impacts on crops in regions susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124774"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent accumulation of fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, poses significant environmental challenges due to its elevated levels of toxicity, heavy metal contamination, and ecological issues. Present review explores the ecological significance and functional potential of microfauna and mesofauna in mitigating environmental impacts, focusing on their ability to rehabilitate fly ash dump sites into biologically active and sustainable ecosystems. Microfaunal groups, including protozoa, nematodes, and other small invertebrates, play essential roles in promoting soil aggregation, pollutant biotransformation, and nutrient cycling while fostering synergistic interactions with plant communities to accelerate bioremediation processes and biodiversity recovery. The review also examines the constraints imposed by site-specific factors such as extreme pH, heavy metal toxicity, and organic matter deficiencies, offering targeted strategies to enhance remediation efficiency. It includes bioaugmentation with metal-tolerant strains, organic amendments to enrich soil fertility, and the integration of mycorrhizal fungi to optimize nutrient uptake and establishement of vegetation. The findings underscore the transformative potential of microfauna and mesofauna-based approaches for sustainable fly ash management, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research and technological innovation to address the ecological and environmental challenges associated with fly ash disposal. This work highlights the promise of advancing microfauna-driven ecological restoration strategies to rehabilitate degraded landscapes and support long-term environmental resilience.
{"title":"Micro and mesofauna: Pioneering sustainable solutions for fly ash rejuvenation","authors":"Mahendra Bhimrao Gobade , Tinku Kumar , Suhel Aneesh Ansari , Ankush Sawarkar , Phani Kumar Garlapati , Lal Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent accumulation of fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, poses significant environmental challenges due to its elevated levels of toxicity, heavy metal contamination, and ecological issues. Present review explores the ecological significance and functional potential of microfauna and mesofauna in mitigating environmental impacts, focusing on their ability to rehabilitate fly ash dump sites into biologically active and sustainable ecosystems. Microfaunal groups, including protozoa, nematodes, and other small invertebrates, play essential roles in promoting soil aggregation, pollutant biotransformation, and nutrient cycling while fostering synergistic interactions with plant communities to accelerate bioremediation processes and biodiversity recovery. The review also examines the constraints imposed by site-specific factors such as extreme pH, heavy metal toxicity, and organic matter deficiencies, offering targeted strategies to enhance remediation efficiency. It includes bioaugmentation with metal-tolerant strains, organic amendments to enrich soil fertility, and the integration of mycorrhizal fungi to optimize nutrient uptake and establishement of vegetation. The findings underscore the transformative potential of microfauna and mesofauna-based approaches for sustainable fly ash management, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary research and technological innovation to address the ecological and environmental challenges associated with fly ash disposal. This work highlights the promise of advancing microfauna-driven ecological restoration strategies to rehabilitate degraded landscapes and support long-term environmental resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124768"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124855
Lushi Sun , Jiaxing Du , Xingxing Zhou , Gan Wan , Linlin Xu , Li Lin
In this study, the performance and mechanism of streptomycin mycelial residue (SMR) dewatered by the Fenton process coupled with biochar was investigated. The optimal dosages of Fe2+, H2O2, and biochar were determined based on the response surface method (RSM), and the corresponding prediction equation was proposed. The walnut shell biochar prepared at 300 °C (WS300) exhibited the best dewatering performance due to its rough surface and large pore size. At the dosage of 0.3 g/g dry solids (DS) for WS300, the combination with Fenton process decreased the specific resistance to filtration of SMR and the water content (WC) of the filter cake by 93.9% and 27.8%, respectively. The RSM results suggested that the interaction between Fe2+ and H2O2 had significant influence on the dewatering properties compared to the other factor combinations. The optimum dosages of Fe2+, H2O2, and WS300 were 56.5 mg/g DS, 63.2 mg/g DS and 0.28 g/g DS, respectively. The strong oxidation of Fenton's reagents increased the zeta potential and reduced the particle size of SMR flocs, which promoted the release of bound water. In addition, the biochar worked as skeleton builder was conducive to construct hydrophobic channels and reduce the hydrophilicity of proteins and polysaccharides.
{"title":"The dewatering performance of streptomycin mycelial residue promoted by the Fenton process synergistic with biochar","authors":"Lushi Sun , Jiaxing Du , Xingxing Zhou , Gan Wan , Linlin Xu , Li Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the performance and mechanism of streptomycin mycelial residue (SMR) dewatered by the Fenton process coupled with biochar was investigated. The optimal dosages of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and biochar were determined based on the response surface method (RSM), and the corresponding prediction equation was proposed. The walnut shell biochar prepared at 300 °C (WS300) exhibited the best dewatering performance due to its rough surface and large pore size. At the dosage of 0.3 g/g dry solids (DS) for WS300, the combination with Fenton process decreased the specific resistance to filtration of SMR and the water content (WC) of the filter cake by 93.9% and 27.8%, respectively. The RSM results suggested that the interaction between Fe<sup>2+</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> had significant influence on the dewatering properties compared to the other factor combinations. The optimum dosages of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and WS300 were 56.5 mg/g DS, 63.2 mg/g DS and 0.28 g/g DS, respectively. The strong oxidation of Fenton's reagents increased the zeta potential and reduced the particle size of SMR flocs, which promoted the release of bound water. In addition, the biochar worked as skeleton builder was conducive to construct hydrophobic channels and reduce the hydrophilicity of proteins and polysaccharides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124855"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124726
Yulian Wang , Zefan Yang , Long Yan , Yanhang Hu , Wenhang Su , Peng Hu
Traditional ecological flow calculations often rely on species-specific habitat preferences, but this approach may adversely affect biodiversity conservation. This study proposes an innovative approach focused on habitat diversity, utilizing the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) to evaluate ecological flows for benthic macroinvertebrate communities. By integrating fields surveys, hydrodynamic modeling, and biodiversity metrics, the study quantified habitat diversity through 24 distinct habitat types (combinations of water depth: 0–0.8m; flow velocity:0–2m·s−1) and analyzed its relationship with species richness. Key findings include: (1) the optimal conditions for dominant species were identified as water depth of 0.2–0.4 m and flow velocity of 0.4–0.7 m s−1; (2) HDI showed a strong positive correlation with species richness (Pearson's r = 0.70), confirming that higher habitat diversity supports greater biodiversity; (3) Generalized Additive Model (GAM) analysis revealed non-linear effects of flow velocity on macroinvertebrate density, with peak density observed at approximately 1 m s−1. The HDI-based approach identified an ecological flow of around 100 m3 s−1, balancing habitat diversity and community density, which outperformed traditional species-centric methods. This study advances river ecosystem management by prioritizing habitat heterogeneity, offering a scalable framework for biodiversity conservation in regulated rivers. Practical implications for setting ecological flows and mitigating the impacts of hydropower are also discussed, highlighting the need to integrate multi-species habitat requirements into adaptive management strategies.
{"title":"Ecological flow evaluation method based on Habitat Diversity Index ——An empirical study from the upper Yalong River in China","authors":"Yulian Wang , Zefan Yang , Long Yan , Yanhang Hu , Wenhang Su , Peng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional ecological flow calculations often rely on species-specific habitat preferences, but this approach may adversely affect biodiversity conservation. This study proposes an innovative approach focused on habitat diversity, utilizing the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) to evaluate ecological flows for benthic macroinvertebrate communities. By integrating fields surveys, hydrodynamic modeling, and biodiversity metrics, the study quantified habitat diversity through 24 distinct habitat types (combinations of water depth: 0–0.8m; flow velocity:0–2m·s<sup>−1</sup>) and analyzed its relationship with species richness. Key findings include: (1) the optimal conditions for dominant species were identified as water depth of 0.2–0.4 m and flow velocity of 0.4–0.7 m s<sup>−1</sup>; (2) HDI showed a strong positive correlation with species richness (Pearson's r = 0.70), confirming that higher habitat diversity supports greater biodiversity; (3) Generalized Additive Model (GAM) analysis revealed non-linear effects of flow velocity on macroinvertebrate density, with peak density observed at approximately 1 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The HDI-based approach identified an ecological flow of around 100 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, balancing habitat diversity and community density, which outperformed traditional species-centric methods. This study advances river ecosystem management by prioritizing habitat heterogeneity, offering a scalable framework for biodiversity conservation in regulated rivers. Practical implications for setting ecological flows and mitigating the impacts of hydropower are also discussed, highlighting the need to integrate multi-species habitat requirements into adaptive management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 124726"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124736
Huajie Lu , Zhenyu Ni , Yongqin Wang , Siqi Ye
Over the past decade, awareness of plastic pollution has significantly increased, leading to a focus on its potential adverse effects on biota, including the ingestion of microplastics by fish. This study investigates the abundance, composition, and characteristics of microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of 96 coral reef fish with different feeding habits (herbivorous fish: Scarus rivulatus, Naso lituratus, and Acanthurus triostegus; omnivorous fish: Abudefduf vaigensis; carnivorous fish: Epinephelus merra) from the Xisha Islands Waters, South China Sea. The relationships between microplastic abundance and fish length, weight, and feeding habits were also analyzed. Results show that 97.92% of the sampled coral reef fish contained microplastics. The average abundance of microplastics in the gills and GITs was 1.09 ± 0.25 items individual−1 and 1.74 ± 0.26 items individual−1, respectively. The predominant shapes of microplastics were fibers, with black and blue being the most common colors. Most microplastics (90%) were smaller than 1 mm, and the main polymer types were PET, CP, PE, and PP. Additionally, the GITs contained more microplastics than the gills. Unlike the scope of previous studies, this study newly found the following two points: 1.Herbivorous fish had higher microplastic content than omnivorous fish, while carnivorous fish had the lowest, likely due to herbivorous fish feeding primarily on microplastic-polluted coral reefs. 2.The abundance of microplastics in the gills and GITs was not related to gill weight or GITs weight, however, the abundance of microplastics was significantly correlated with fish body length and body weight.
{"title":"Deposition characteristics of microplastics in coral reef fish with different feeding habits from the Xisha Islands Waters, South China Sea","authors":"Huajie Lu , Zhenyu Ni , Yongqin Wang , Siqi Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, awareness of plastic pollution has significantly increased, leading to a focus on its potential adverse effects on biota, including the ingestion of microplastics by fish. This study investigates the abundance, composition, and characteristics of microplastics in the gills and gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of 96 coral reef fish with different feeding habits (<em>herbivorous fish: Scarus rivulatus, Naso lituratus, and Acanthurus triostegus; omnivorous fish: Abudefduf vaigensis; carnivorous fish: Epinephelus merra</em>) from the Xisha Islands Waters, South China Sea. The relationships between microplastic abundance and fish length, weight, and feeding habits were also analyzed. Results show that 97.92% of the sampled coral reef fish contained microplastics. The average abundance of microplastics in the gills and GITs was 1.09 ± 0.25 items individual<sup>−1</sup> and 1.74 ± 0.26 items individual<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The predominant shapes of microplastics were fibers, with black and blue being the most common colors. Most microplastics (90%) were smaller than 1 mm, and the main polymer types were PET, CP, PE, and PP. Additionally, the GITs contained more microplastics than the gills. Unlike the scope of previous studies, this study newly found the following two points: 1.Herbivorous fish had higher microplastic content than omnivorous fish, while carnivorous fish had the lowest, likely due to herbivorous fish feeding primarily on microplastic-polluted coral reefs. 2.The abundance of microplastics in the gills and GITs was not related to gill weight or GITs weight, however, the abundance of microplastics was significantly correlated with fish body length and body weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"378 ","pages":"Article 124736"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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