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New challenges for the Slovakian geography of religions in a dynamic society 在一个充满活力的社会中,斯洛伐克宗教地理面临的新挑战
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2021126010075
Juraj Majo
Religion represents an appealing topic for social science research. Especially in Eastern European countries, the resurgence of religious identities and practices poses many questions that are of interest to human geography. We approach this research gap in Slovakia, outlining the main research topics that have dominated the scientific field, especially atlases and census data analyses. This paper proposes several possible points of interest where research in Slovakian (and possibly Eastern Central European) religion can proceed. Topics such as secularization, non-religion and demographic aspects of religion, like research in suburban areas and areas of religious identity diminution, are potentially attractive, yet not thoroughly researched, fields. Geographers of religion should be more audible with their analysis of the relationship of religious/non-religious identity and space construction in certain contexts.
宗教是社会科学研究的一个有吸引力的主题。特别是在东欧国家,宗教身份和习俗的复兴提出了许多人文地理学感兴趣的问题。我们接近斯洛伐克的这一研究差距,概述了主导科学领域的主要研究课题,特别是地图集和人口普查数据分析。本文提出了几个可能的兴趣点,在斯洛伐克(和可能的东中欧)的宗教研究可以进行。诸如世俗化、非宗教和宗教人口方面的主题,如对郊区和宗教认同减弱地区的研究,都是潜在的有吸引力的领域,但尚未得到彻底的研究。宗教地理学家对特定语境下的宗教/非宗教认同与空间建构关系的分析应该更加清晰。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Slovakia’s R1 expressway enhancement impacts on local socio-economic development: expert panel approach 斯洛伐克R1高速公路改造对当地社会经济发展影响的评价:专家小组方法
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2021126010029
Richard Filčák, A. Rochovská, M. Horňák
Transport infrastructure development is considered one of the basic structural preconditions of competitiveness, growth and economic development in Slovakia. Transport network upgrading in the country has recently been focused mainly on road and motorway networks. The goal of this paper is to contribute to existing approaches to transport infrastructure impact assessment. The paper presents selected results of qualitative research focused on an analysis of the R1 expressway (as a part of TEN-T network) and its impacts on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of life at the local territorial level. The paper also seeks to answer the basic question, whether and to what extent the new section of the expressway brings any stimuli to regional or local development. Qualitative research realized by field sociological methods has shown new data and information necessary for a complex assessment of transport infrastructure impacts on social and economic development of regions. We assume that these impacts should not be based purely on mathematic and statistical research methods.
运输基础设施的发展被认为是斯洛伐克竞争力、增长和经济发展的基本结构性先决条件之一。该国的运输网络升级最近主要集中在公路和高速公路网络上。本文的目的是对现有的交通基础设施影响评估方法有所贡献。本文介绍了一些定性研究的结果,重点分析了R1高速公路(作为TEN-T网络的一部分)及其对当地领土层面上生活的经济、社会和环境方面的影响。本文还试图回答一个基本问题,即高速公路的新路段是否以及在多大程度上刺激了区域或地方的发展。通过实地社会学方法实现的定性研究为复杂评估交通基础设施对区域社会和经济发展的影响提供了必要的新数据和信息。我们认为这些影响不应该纯粹基于数学和统计研究方法。
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引用次数: 1
Statistical analysis of water quality parameters in the basin of the Nišava River (Serbia) in the period 2009–2018 2009-2018年塞尔维亚Nišava河流域水质参数统计分析
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2021126010055
Ljiljana Stričević, M. Pavlovic, I. Filipović, A. Radivojević, Nataša Martić Bursać, Milena Gocić
This paper analyzes water quality from four hydrological stations in the Nišava river basin from 2009–2018 based on the following parameters: pH, conductivity, O2 saturation, BOD5, suspended solids, total oxidized nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity and coliform bacteria. Authors have applied WQI (water quality index) as the most reliable indicator of the watercourses pollution for setting of surface water flow quality. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using t-test inferential statistical analysis and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to evaluate statistically significant differences between specific data groups. The results show that bad water quality was registered on all the profiles on an annual basis (WQI = 65–71). The river water pH decreases downstream, while values of BOD5, suspended solids, turbidity, TON, phosphates and coliform bacteria gradually increase. The waters of the Nišava at the station Niš belong to the third class of waters and they are mostly loaded with organic matter originating from waste sewage and industrial waters of both urban and rural areas.
基于pH、电导率、O2饱和度、BOD5、悬浮物、总氧化氮、磷酸盐、浊度和大肠菌群等参数,对2009-2018年Nišava河流域4个水文站的水质进行了分析。作者将水质指数(WQI)作为河道污染最可靠的指标,用于地表水水质的设定。采用统计学方差分析(ANOVA),采用t检验、推理统计分析和事后Tukey检验来评价特定数据组间的统计学差异。结果表明:各剖面水质均呈年差(WQI = 65 ~ 71)。下游河水pH值降低,BOD5、悬浮物、浊度、TON、磷酸盐、大肠菌群等值逐渐升高。尼伊什站Nišava的水属于第三类水,它们大多含有来自城市和农村地区的废水和工业废水的有机物。
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引用次数: 3
Hierarchical forms of inequality in reality: in search of regularities and problems of explanation 现实中不平等的等级形式:寻找规律和解释问题
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2021126010001
M. Hampl
The paper is devoted to the problems of study of environmental systems, especially to geographic systems. There is a strong focus on a search for regularities in the differentiation of real systems and on a discussion of possible explanatory principles of these regularities. Above all, there is a summary of the results of the research focused in this way at the socio-geographic centre of the Faculty of Science of Charles University. The research is based on the ideas and empirical generalizations of Jaromír Korčák. Eighty years have already passed since Professor Korčák published his study about two basic types of arrangement of mass phenomena in reality: a relative homogeneity of generic systems of elements on the one hand and asymmetric (hierarchical) differentiation of environmental systems on the other.
本文致力于环境系统,特别是地理系统的研究问题。有一个强烈的重点是寻找规律在实际系统的分化和讨论这些规律的可能的解释原则。最重要的是,查尔斯大学理学院社会地理中心以这种方式对研究结果进行了总结。本研究基于Jaromír Korčák的思想和经验概括。自从Korčák教授发表他关于现实中质量现象的两种基本排列类型的研究以来,已经过去了80年:一方面是元素的一般系统的相对同质性,另一方面是环境系统的不对称(等级)分化。
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引用次数: 0
The new delimitation of peripheries in Czechia 捷克外围地区的新划分
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2021126040419
Milan Jeřábek, Jaroslav Dokoupil, David Fiedor, Nikola Krejčová, Petr Šimáček, René Wokoun, F. Zich
Peripheries may be delimited by various methodological approaches. The aim of this article is to identify and spatially determine inner and outer peripheries at the municipal level in Czechia. With the help of 15 indicators (reflecting the demographic development, economic activity, and transportation accessibility), the municipalities are divided into five categories according to the level of their peripherality. The results are then confronted with previous research in this field to assess the dynamics of spatial distribution of peripheries in Czechia, particularly in terms of their location and size.
外围可以用不同的方法来划分。这篇文章的目的是确定和空间上确定内部和外部外围在捷克的城市水平。在15个指标(反映人口发展、经济活动和交通可达性)的帮助下,根据城市的外围程度将其分为五类。然后,将结果与该领域的先前研究进行比较,以评估捷克外围空间分布的动态,特别是在其位置和大小方面。
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引用次数: 5
Critical thinking in geography education: is geographical thinking critical? 地理教育中的批判性思维:地理思维是否具有批判性?
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2021126040371
Tomáš Bendl, Miroslav Marada
Geography as a school subject offers enormous potential for fostering skills and competences crucial for life in twenty-first century. Yet most Czech geography teachers still lean towards memorizing facts with weak understanding. Why do we expect teachers to teach toward skills such as critical thinking if no consensus over its meaning exists – especially in the context of learning geography? This lack of clear meaning causes not only problems with teaching it, but also fails any attempt at measurment and evaluation. Therefore, the main aim of this study is, to create a unifying taxonomy of critical thinking skills in the geographical context and link these newly founded skills into the geographical thinking concept. To fulfil these goals, we employ existing structural models of critical thinking combined with a thorough literature review. As a result of this study, we present the required set of skills of a critically thinking geographer in higher education and a new perspective on geographical thinking.
地理作为学校的一门学科,为培养21世纪生活中至关重要的技能和能力提供了巨大的潜力。然而,大多数捷克地理教师仍然倾向于死记硬背,理解能力不强。如果对批判性思维的意义没有共识,尤其是在学习地理的背景下,我们为什么期望教师教授批判性思维?缺乏明确的意义不仅导致教学问题,而且导致任何测量和评价的尝试失败。因此,本研究的主要目的是在地理背景下建立一个统一的批判性思维技能分类,并将这些新建立的技能与地理思维概念联系起来。为了实现这些目标,我们采用了现有的批判性思维结构模型,并结合了全面的文献综述。通过这项研究,我们提出了高等教育中具有批判性思维的地理学家所需要的一套技能和地理思维的新视角。
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引用次数: 1
A gender approach to housing loss in Spain: the case of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 西班牙住房损失的性别方法:以大加那利岛拉斯帕尔马斯为例
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2021126020123
Josefina Domínguez-Mujica, J. Parreño-Castellano
In pre-pandemic times, Spain was one of the European countries where the economic crisis hit the real estate market hardest, leading to rising mortgage foreclosures and eviction of tenants, as highlighted by many scholars on the financial geography of housing. Its matched social effects reveal the outstanding role of gender, foreign status, and income levels, starting from the hypothesis that the intersection among these categories shows the dimension of inequality in the neoliberal configuration of cities. The aim of this article is to provide this evidence through the study case of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, using a GIS to implement statistical correlations of these categories on a microurban scale. The created database rests on information contained in judicial archives (women’s foreclosures and evictions) and on ethnicity and income level statistical information. This allows us to go deeper into the factors of exposure to vulnerability, in accordance with an established academic tradition regarding gender, housing and the city.
在疫情爆发前,西班牙是经济危机对房地产市场打击最严重的欧洲国家之一,导致抵押贷款丧失抵押品赎回权和租户被驱逐的情况不断增加,许多研究住房金融地理的学者都强调了这一点。其匹配的社会效应揭示了性别,外国身份和收入水平的突出作用,从假设这些类别之间的交集显示了新自由主义城市配置中的不平等维度开始。本文的目的是通过拉斯帕尔马斯德大加那利岛的研究案例提供这一证据,使用GIS在微城市尺度上实现这些类别的统计相关性。所建立的数据库以司法档案所载资料(妇女丧失抵押品赎回权和驱逐)以及种族和收入水平统计资料为依据。这使我们能够根据关于性别、住房和城市的既定学术传统,更深入地研究暴露于脆弱性的因素。
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引用次数: 2
Between the layers of the palimpsest: Historical geographical research of changes in functions of small water reservoirs on the case study of the town of Čáslav (Czechia) 重写层之间:小水库功能变化的历史地理研究——以捷克Čáslav镇为例
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2021126040393
Jindřich Frajer
Small water reservoirs have represented an important water feature of the Central European landscape since the Middle Ages. In our study, we focused on researching the historical functions of those reservoirs and their changes through time. We recorded 169 mentions to the functions of selected ponds in the selected four historical reservoirs around the town of Čáslav (Central Bohemia Region), using a combination of written, cartographic, and iconographic archival sources. Fish-related production functions were most frequently mentioned. However, others were also important mainly for the development of the town – the accumulation of water for the needs of mills and industry, and the supply of the city population through the historical aquifers from these reservoirs. They often served as recreational areas for residents. Our research pointed to the multifunctionality of small water reservoirs and the fact that the change of the main functions was mainly related to the change in the owner of the reservoir.
自中世纪以来,小型水库代表了中欧景观的重要水景。在研究中,我们重点研究了这些水库的历史功能及其随时间的变化。我们使用书面、地图和图像档案资料,在Čáslav镇(中波希米亚地区)周围选定的四个历史水库中,记录了169次提到选定池塘的功能。最常提到的是与渔业有关的生产职能。然而,其他主要对城镇的发展也很重要——为工厂和工业的需要积累水,并通过这些水库的历史含水层为城市人口提供水。它们经常被用作居民的娱乐场所。我们的研究指出了小型水库的多功能性,主要功能的变化主要与水库所有者的变化有关。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of sun elevation, cloudiness, and altitude on the ultraviolet index in Czechia 太阳高度、云量和海拔对捷克紫外线指数的影响
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE.2021.001
Helena Tomanová, L. Pokorná
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has recently become an important topic in relation to the loss of stratospheric ozone. High doses of UV radiation have a negative effect on many organisms. This paper focuses on the UV index (UVI), which expresses the risk of UV radiation on human health. The aim of the paper is to describe the definition of UVI, and its measurement, and to summarize geographical parameters and meteorological conditions affecting the values of UVI. The effect of sun elevation, cloudiness, and altitude is demonstrated using observed data from the Hradec Králové, Košetice and Labská bouda stations during the period 2011–2017. The results show a strong effect of both sun elevation and cloudiness. The highest values of UVI (up to 8) are generally observed on sunny days around midday from May to July. The reduction of the UVI caused by clouds, fog, and rain is, on average, 85% of values typical for sunny days. The effect of altitude is distinctly weaker; a rise of UVI with increasing altitude is 0.4 per 1 km for clear sky and the surface without snow cover.
最近,紫外线辐射已成为与平流层臭氧损失有关的一个重要话题。高剂量的紫外线辐射对许多生物体有负面影响。本文重点介绍了表达紫外线辐射对人体健康危害的紫外线指数(UVI)。本文的目的是描述紫外线指数的定义和测量,并总结影响紫外线指数的地理参数和气象条件。利用2011-2017年期间hradac Králové、Košetice和labsk bouda站的观测数据,论证了太阳高度、云量和海拔高度的影响。结果表明,太阳高度和云量的影响都很强。紫外线指数的最高值(高达8)一般在五月至七月的晴天中午左右观测到。云、雾和雨造成的紫外线减少平均为晴天典型值的85%。海拔的影响明显较弱;晴空和无积雪地表的紫外线指数随海拔高度的增加为每1公里0.4。
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引用次数: 0
The students’ image of geography: A systematic review 学生的地理形象:系统回顾
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2021126040347
Veronika Korvasová
Geography as a school subject is facing a crisis of identity. Student interest in geography has decreased and the lack of solutions for improving geography’s image opened a research gap. The aim of the paper is to summarize the knowledge and understanding from the pupils’ perspective and prepare the ground for conducting similar research in Czechia. Getting the pupils’ perspective is crucial for shaping the subject in a more favorable direction and in defending geography’s place in the education system. Subsequently it creates concrete arguments for defending and stabilizing. The author searched for studies using the WoS and Scopus databases. Three criteria were set: studies only in English, the maximum time limit as February 2020, and the age of researched students as 11–19 years. Twenty-seven relevant studies, mainly conducted in English speaking countries, were found. The review focuses especially on applied methods and results of studies. Results showed that quantitative methods prevailed over qualitative. Factors such as the personality of the teacher, teaching methods, and geography topics seemed the most important in the process of developing a positive image of geography.
地理作为一门学校学科正面临着身份认同危机。学生对地理的兴趣下降,缺乏改善地理形象的解决方案,造成了研究空白。本文的目的是从学生的角度总结知识和理解,并为在捷克进行类似的研究做好准备。获得学生的观点对于使这门学科朝着更有利的方向发展,以及捍卫地理在教育体系中的地位至关重要。随后,它为保卫和稳定创造了具体的论据。作者使用WoS和Scopus数据库检索研究。设定了三个标准:仅用英语进行研究,最长时间限制为2020年2月,研究学生的年龄为11-19岁。共发现27项相关研究,主要在英语国家进行。重点介绍了研究的应用方法和结果。结果表明,定量方法优于定性方法。教师的个性、教学方法和地理主题等因素似乎是形成积极地理形象的最重要因素。
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引用次数: 1
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Geografie-Sbornik CGS
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