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Trends of hydroclimatic variables and outflow in the Athabasca River basin 阿萨巴斯卡河流域水文气候变量和流出趋势
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2023.007
M. Matoušková, Kateřina Fraindová
Our study focuses on assessing trends of hydroclimatic variables and their impact on the runoff regime in the Athabasca River basin in two periods (from the beginning of monitoring until 2011 and 1971−2011). Applied methods included the Mann-Kendall statistical test, linear regression, multiplicative decomposition of data series, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration, and the Range of Variability Approach. Temperature records indicated a strong regional warming trend, which influenced decreased snowfall and a declining trend in spring runoff. Our results indicate that between 1971 and 2011 median discharge values decreased by > 20% on the lower and middle courses of the Athabasca River. Although on the upper course the median long-term minimum discharge increased due to the melting of mountain glaciers, on the middle and lower courses a significant decrease occurred. The discharge variability has also increased. All factors and changes are important because they affect the Athabasca-Peace delta’s ecosystem and socioeconomic activities on the lower course.
本研究的重点是评估阿萨巴斯卡河流域从监测开始到2011年和1971 - 2011年两个时期的水文气候变量趋势及其对径流状况的影响。应用的方法包括Mann-Kendall统计检验、线性回归、数据序列乘法分解、水文变化指标法和变异幅度法。气温记录显示出强烈的区域变暖趋势,这影响了降雪量减少和春季径流量减少的趋势。结果表明,1971 ~ 2011年间,阿萨巴斯卡河中下游的流量中值下降了20%以上。由于高山冰川的融化,上游河道长期最小流量中值增加,中下游河道长期最小流量中值明显减少。放电变异性也增加了。所有因素和变化都很重要,因为它们影响着阿萨巴斯卡-皮斯三角洲下游的生态系统和社会经济活动。
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引用次数: 1
Metropolitan polynodal cores as the basis of the new regional organization of Czechia 都市多节点核心作为捷克新区域组织的基础
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2023.004
Miroslav Marada, Marek Komárek, J. Šimbera
Theoretical research on geographical organization is, in Czechia, mainly associated with Martin Hampl (1940−2022). This paper refers to his extraordinary work. In this article, integrated systems of centers are first defined by two methods: by applying M. Hampl’s method and by using the new criterion of reciprocal mobility. Subsequently, both delimitations are compared, and a typology of these systems is made. Next, the commuting microregions of the integrated systems of centers are created on the basis of commuting patterns from municipalities. The regionalization performed is then a tool to verify the concordance of the regional organization determined by the polynodal cores and given by the Hampl’s mononodal microregional centers. We assume that in reality a more valid regional system will have greater regional integrity of the defined regions and its hierarchization will be more consistent with the theoretical assumptions of the rank size rule. We view the resulting findings both as a stimulus for discussing the methodology for delineating integrated system of centers and as a basis for comparing the expected results of the current national census of 2021.
在捷克,地理组织的理论研究主要与马丁·汉普尔(1940 - 2022)有关。这篇论文提到了他非凡的工作。本文首先用两种方法来定义中心的集成系统:用M. Hampl的方法和用互易度的新判据。随后,对两种划分进行比较,并对这些系统进行类型学分析。其次,在城市通勤模式的基础上,构建了中心综合系统的通勤微区。然后,进行区域化是一种工具,用于验证由多节点核心决定的区域组织的一致性,并由汉普尔的单峰微区域中心给出。我们假设在现实中,一个更有效的区域系统所定义的区域具有更大的区域完整性,其层级化将更符合秩大小规则的理论假设。我们认为,由此产生的发现既可以作为讨论划分中心综合系统方法的刺激因素,也可以作为比较当前2021年全国人口普查预期结果的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional and novel approaches to studying the human thermal environment in urban areas: A critical review of the current state of the art 研究城市地区人类热环境的传统方法和新方法:对当前技术状况的批判性回顾
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2023.012
M. Lehnert, J. Geletič, M. Jurek
Traditional approaches to researching the urban thermal environment focus on identifying the specific manifestations of the local climate and microclimate within urban structures and various types of urban development, and on detecting urban heat islands using meteorological station data, mobile measurements, remote sensing, and (micro)climatic modelling. Nonetheless, current manifestations of climate change and its projections into the future bring the need for the effective climatic adaptation of urban environments. Current research focuses on approaches allowing for a more complex assessment of both the thermal and overall environment of people in towns and cities. This requires numerical modelling in high spatial resolution and large questionnaire surveys. Despite many unanswered theoretical and methodological questions, the approaches to and knowledge of the human urban thermal environment demonstrate growing application potential.
传统的城市热环境研究方法侧重于识别城市结构和各种类型城市发展中的局部气候和小气候的具体表现,以及利用气象站数据、移动测量、遥感和(微)气候模拟来探测城市热岛。尽管如此,当前气候变化的表现及其对未来的预测使城市环境需要有效的气候适应。目前的研究侧重于对城镇居民的热环境和总体环境进行更复杂评估的方法。这需要在高空间分辨率和大型问卷调查中进行数值模拟。尽管存在许多尚未解决的理论和方法问题,但人类城市热环境的方法和知识显示出越来越大的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The admission of Ukrainian refugees from the perspective of municipalities in Czechia 从捷克各市的角度看接纳乌克兰难民
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2023.014
Marie Jelínková, František Ochrana, M. Plaček
The article deals with the migration of 500,000 Ukrainian refugees to Czechia after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. The study examines the challenges municipalities had to deal with in connection with the reception of Ukrainian refugees. For this, a primary questionnaire survey, statistical analysis of the obtained data, and analysis of documents were conducted. An original historical-processual and retrograde approach was used to explain the genesis and development of the refugees’ reception. A two-dimensional model (matrix) was developed to find out how municipalities dealt with the reception of refugees. The main contribution of this study is the development of a typology of different approaches of actors in multilevel governance to dealing with the emergent situation and empirically supported conclusions as to how well municipalities have managed to coexist with the newly arrived Ukrainians. The study thus provides a unique insight into what issues municipalities are dealing with and how difficult it is for them to manage this rather unusual situation.
这篇文章论述了乌克兰战争爆发后50万乌克兰难民向捷克的迁移。这项研究审查了市政当局在接待乌克兰难民方面必须应对的挑战。为此,进行了初步的问卷调查、所得数据的统计分析和文献分析。采用一种原始的历史过程和逆行的方法来解释难民接待的起源和发展。开发了一个二维模型(矩阵),以查明各城市如何处理难民的接待问题。本研究的主要贡献是发展了多层次治理中不同行为者处理紧急情况的不同方法的类型学,以及关于市政当局如何与新来的乌克兰人共存的经验支持结论。因此,这项研究提供了一个独特的视角,了解市政当局正在处理什么问题,以及他们管理这种相当不寻常的情况有多困难。
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引用次数: 0
On the relationship between short-term rentals and gentrification: the case of Airbnb in Munich (Germany) 论短期租赁与士绅化的关系——以德国慕尼黑的Airbnb为例
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2022.013
Marcus Hübscher, Miriam Borst
This paper explores the relationship between Airbnb and gentrification by studying Munich, which is at the forefront of the short-term rental market in Germany. We investigate both the Airbnb market and the functional rent gap, providing a spatial comparison. The results show an overlapping of gentrification and Airbnb in the central districts, but there are also functional rent gaps in the peripheries. However, high Airbnb densities do not always go hand in hand with gentrification. We also identify a considerable seasonality on the Airbnb market, that adds a temporal dimension to the phenomena. Drawing on this, we call for a city-wide monitoring of these aspects to increase transparency and provide a database for urban policy. By exploring the case of Munich, we contribute to the ongoing discussion, as other (German) cities develop in the same direction on the Airbnb market as the Bavarian capital. Apart from that, our quantitative model is also transferable to other cases.
本文以德国短租市场的前沿城市慕尼黑为研究对象,探讨Airbnb与士绅化的关系。我们调查了Airbnb市场和功能性租金差距,提供了一个空间比较。结果显示,在中心区出现了高档化和Airbnb的重叠,但在外围地区也存在功能性租金差距。然而,Airbnb的高密度并不总是与中产阶级化密切相关。我们还发现Airbnb市场存在相当大的季节性,这为这种现象增加了时间维度。在此基础上,我们呼吁在全市范围内对这些方面进行监测,以提高透明度,并为城市政策提供数据库。通过探索慕尼黑的案例,我们为正在进行的讨论做出了贡献,因为其他(德国)城市在Airbnb市场上的发展方向与巴伐利亚首都相同。除此之外,我们的定量模型也可用于其他情况。
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引用次数: 2
It is time to get virtual: limitations of shared e-scooter mobility points, case study in Cracow (Poland) 是时候实现虚拟了:共享电动滑板车移动点的限制,克拉科夫(波兰)案例研究
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2022127010001
P. Pistelok, D. Štraub
Underpinned by the shift towards implementing solutions supporting sustainable mobility, shared e-scooter services are evergreen in many urban areas worldwide. However, their growing use leads to new challenges connected with their operation in the urban space. This article showcases instruments called mobility points, designated to define, and improve parking practices of shared e-scooters. To evaluate the potential of mobility points fieldwork was conducted into the vectorization of shared e-scooters’ operational zones and mobility points in Cracow. The study proves that the mobility points’ visual and technical organization is adequate and thought-out in ways based on functions of the areas they are placed in. However, due to insufficient cooperation between the private and public sectors that would ensure the mobility points are virtually implemented into the service operation, the mobility points’ potential to solve parking issues is low. This calls into question their role in the sustainable mobility agenda.
在向实施支持可持续移动的解决方案转变的基础上,共享电动滑板车服务在全球许多城市地区都是常青树。然而,它们越来越多的使用导致了与它们在城市空间中的操作相关的新挑战。这篇文章展示了被称为移动点的工具,用于定义和改进共享电动滑板车的停车实践。为了评估机动点的潜力,对克拉科夫共享电动滑板车的操作区域和机动点进行了实地调查。研究证明,流动性点的视觉和技术组织是充分的,并根据其所在区域的功能进行了深思熟虑。然而,由于私营部门和公共部门之间的合作不足,无法确保移动性点实际实施到服务运营中,移动性点解决停车问题的潜力很低。这让人质疑它们在可持续交通议程中的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Looking into the green roof scenario to mitigate flash flood effects in Mamak, Turkey, via classifying images of Sentinel-1, 2, and PlanetScope satellites with LibSVM algorithm in Google Earth Engine cloud platform 通过在Google Earth Engine云平台上使用LibSVM算法对Sentinel-1、2和PlanetScope卫星的图像进行分类,研究土耳其Mamak的绿色屋顶场景以减轻山洪影响
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2022.008
Sima Pouya, Majid Aghlmand, F. Karsli
This research aimed to increase the green space factor to mitigate flash flood effects on urban storm water runoff in the Ankara Mamak region and to minimize the damages by flash floods. The land use/cover map was first obtained by using the images of Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and PlanetScope satellites with the LIBSVM algorithm on the Google Earth Engine. The GSF value was then calculated and it was low (0.26) compared to world standards. This study was proposed as a solution for the flood disaster, using the extensive green roof scenario. After green roof conversion scenarios, the GSF value was recalculated. It was found to be above the minimum of green infrastructure that human settlements should achieve, regardless of density or land use (0.43). Offering high resolution images and the possibility of processing them via different algorithms of machine learning has revolutionized the environmental and urban-related studies as they help urban managers and planners to make decisions accurately and quickly.
本研究旨在增加绿地因子,以减轻山洪对安卡拉Mamak地区城市雨水径流的影响,并最大限度地减少山洪造成的损失。首先利用Sentinel-1、Sentinel-2和PlanetScope卫星图像,在谷歌Earth Engine上使用LIBSVM算法获得土地利用/覆被图。计算GSF值,与世界标准相比,GSF值较低(0.26)。本研究是作为洪水灾害的解决方案提出的,使用广泛的绿色屋顶场景。在绿化屋顶转换场景后,重新计算GSF值。结果发现,无论密度或土地利用如何,它都高于人类住区应达到的最低绿色基础设施(0.43)。提供高分辨率图像以及通过机器学习的不同算法处理它们的可能性,已经彻底改变了环境和城市相关研究,因为它们可以帮助城市管理者和规划者准确、快速地做出决策。
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引用次数: 0
Cartographic scripts for seismic and geophysical mapping of Ecuador 厄瓜多尔地震和地球物理制图的制图脚本
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2022.006
Polina Lemenkova
This research describes a script-based method of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for mapping the seismicity, geophysics, geology and topography of Ecuador. The advances of GMT include the following points: (1) automation of workflow; (2) refined aesthetics of graphics; (3) speed console-based mapping; (4) multi-format data handling; (5) advanced syntax. An explanation of scripting with the examples of code snippets is provided. The results present six new maps of Ecuador. The distribution of geophysical phenomena and seismicity is compared to the terrain elevation, showing remarkable correlations with the topography and geoid. The data demonstrated low values in the depression of the Andes, the Gulf of Guayaquil, and the Peru-Chile Trench. The peaks in gravity are representative for the Andean topography. Local decreases in gravity correspond to the depressions in the coastal shelf and the Gulf of Guayaquil. The increase in seismicity is detected along the tectonically active areas. The GMT is appropriate to the geological risk assessment of Ecuador.
本研究描述了一种基于脚本的通用绘图工具(GMT)方法,用于绘制厄瓜多尔的地震活动、地球物理、地质和地形。GMT的进步包括以下几点:(1)工作流程的自动化;(2)图形的精致美学;(3)基于主机的速度映射;(4)多格式数据处理;(5)高级语法。通过代码片段示例解释了脚本编写。结果显示了厄瓜多尔的六幅新地图。地球物理现象和地震活动的分布与地形高程进行了比较,显示出与地形和大地水准面显著的相关性。数据显示,安第斯山脉洼地、瓜亚基尔湾和秘鲁-智利海沟的数值较低。重力峰是安第斯地形的代表。局部重力的减少与沿海陆架和瓜亚基尔湾的洼地相对应。地震活动性的增加是沿着构造活动区检测到的。格林尼治标准时间适用于厄瓜多尔的地质风险评估。
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引用次数: 3
Public transport accessibility: simulation of the usability of public transport in everyday situations 公共交通可达性:模拟日常情况下公共交通的可用性
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2022.002
Josef Bernard
The article presents an innovative method of evaluating public transport accessibility. The evaluation is based on a simulation of the usability of public transport in real everyday situations. It measures the amount of time the residents of local communities need when they use public transport to reach various commonly used destinations at a specified time. The method’s main advantage is that it aims at reflecting everyday use of public transport. I demonstrate the use of the method by exploratory accessibility mapping, comparison of regions, and demonstration of the usability of partial indicators. Analysis results reveal the basic spatial patterns of public transport accessibility in Czechia: better accessibility in Moravia than Bohemia, good accessibility in the hinterland of large cities, and impaired accessibility in inner peripheries. Accessibility varies significantly depending on the time of day. The results also allow us to deduce how much of the population experience difficulties using public transport due to impaired accessibility.
本文提出了一种评价公共交通可达性的创新方法。这项评估是基于对真实日常情况下公共交通可用性的模拟。它衡量当地社区居民在特定时间使用公共交通工具到达各种常用目的地所需的时间。该方法的主要优点是它旨在反映公共交通的日常使用情况。我通过探索性的可访问性映射、区域比较和部分指标的可用性演示来演示该方法的使用。分析结果表明,捷克公共交通可达性的基本空间格局为:摩拉维亚区可达性优于波希米亚区,大城市腹地可达性较好,内外围可达性较差。可访问性取决于一天中的不同时间。研究结果还可以让我们推断出,有多少人由于交通不便而在使用公共交通工具时遇到了困难。
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引用次数: 3
Critical elements in determining tourism routes: a systematic literature review 决定旅游路线的关键因素:系统的文献综述
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/geografie.2022.010
Muhammad Anas Khairul Anuar, A. Marzuki
The development of tourism routes often involves supply and demand drivers; however, the roles of both perspectives are not well understood. This study explores this approach from both perspectives using a systematic literature review. The review of these articles is associated with the scope of the development of tourism routes. Guided by the (PRISMA) method, 56 articles were retrieved for the analysis. A comprehensive review of the articles extracted six main elements – (supply perspective) – participation, route marketing, and promotion, government strategies, destination competitiveness (demand perspective), tourist motivation, tourist satisfaction, and loyalty. Several recommendations for future studies are highlighted that relate to the approach and subject of studies from other perspectives. Overall, the concept of developing a successful tourism route requires parties from both supply and demand perspectives.
旅游线路的开发往往涉及供需驱动因素;然而,这两种观点的作用并没有得到很好的理解。本研究通过系统的文献综述,从两个角度探讨了这一方法。对这些文章的回顾与旅游线路的开发范围有关。采用(PRISMA)方法检索56篇文献进行分析。对文章的全面回顾提炼出六个主要要素——(供给角度)——参与、路线营销和推广、政府策略、目的地竞争力(需求角度)、游客动机、游客满意度和忠诚度。对今后的研究提出了一些建议,这些建议涉及从其他角度进行研究的方法和主题。总的来说,开发一条成功的旅游路线的概念需要各方从供给和需求的角度出发。
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引用次数: 2
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Geografie-Sbornik CGS
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