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Human and demographic capital in peripheries of the Pilsen Region, Czechia 捷克皮尔森地区周边地区的人力和人口资本
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE2021126010097
J. Kubeš, Nikola Podlešáková
The aim of the paper is to delineate remote peripheral municipalities and compare the human and demographic capital of peripheral, semi-peripheral, and central municipalities of the study area. The paper applies the concept of hierarchized remoteness peripherality – peripheral municipalities are delineated on the basis of their considerable time distance from the central towns at the micro-, meso-, and macro-regional level. First, we define micro-regional central towns on the basis of population numbers, commuters, bus and train connections, and services. Consequently, peripheral and other municipalities were delineated. Then, we evaluated the human and demographic capital of peripheral and other municipalities, simultaneously, using 10 indicators. Generally, values of human and demographic capital are increasing towards central towns. Nevertheless, almost 40% of peripheral municipalities at the micro-regional level show favourable rates. There have been improvements in the capital values in some peripheral municipalities due to the immigration of counter-urbanites and entrepreneurs in tourism, the opening of the border with Bavaria, and the stabilization of local communities.
本文的目的是划定偏远的外围城市,并比较研究区域的外围、半外围和中心城市的人力和人口资本。本文运用了层级化的偏远外围性概念,根据周边城市与中心城镇在微观、中观和宏观区域层面上的相当大的时间距离来划分周边城市。首先,我们根据人口数量、通勤者、公共汽车和火车连接以及服务来定义微区域中心城镇。因此,外围和其他城市被划定。然后,我们使用10个指标同时评估了外围城市和其他城市的人力和人口资本。总体上,人力资本和人口资本的价值向中心城镇增加。然而,在微观区域一级,近40%的外围城市显示出有利的比率。由于反城市居民和旅游业企业家的移民、与巴伐利亚边境的开放以及当地社区的稳定,一些外围城市的资本价值有所改善。
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引用次数: 3
Food self-provisioning motivations revisited: Czech home gardens and their food production 食物自备的动机:捷克家庭花园和他们的食物生产
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37040/GEOGRAFIE.2021.002
Jana Šiftová
This paper revisits the motivations and behaviours related to home food production in private home gardens. It aims to answer these research questions: (i) which activities are performed in the home garden?; (ii) if the garden fulfils the self-provisioning function, what are the motivations for food production?; (iii) does gardening and food self-provisioning impact a household’s environmental behaviour?; and (iv) does food self-provisioning relate to a household’s economic situation? The results show that production of vegetables and herbs is still the prevailing function of Czech home gardens. The motivations for this activity are better taste, healthier way of production and enjoyment of gardening as a hobby. These motivations remain mostly intact during societal transformations or economy fluctuations over recent decades, which declares the strength and tradition of home food production in Czechia. Economic motivation was not proved as an important motivation. There was evidence for some kinds of pro-environment behaviour, however, this is limited to rather inconspicuous, private actions.
本文回顾了私人家庭花园中家庭食品生产的动机和行为。它旨在回答以下研究问题:(i)在家庭花园中进行哪些活动?(ii)如果菜园具备自给自足的功能,生产食物的动机是什么?(iii)园艺和食物自给会否影响住户的环保行为?(iv)食物自给是否与家庭的经济状况有关?结果表明,生产蔬菜和草药仍然是捷克家庭花园的主要功能。这项活动的动机是更好的品味,更健康的生产方式和享受园艺作为一种爱好。这些动机在近几十年的社会转型或经济波动中基本保持不变,这表明了捷克家庭食品生产的实力和传统。经济动机并没有被证明是一个重要的动机。有证据表明,某些类型的亲环境行为,然而,这仅限于相当不起眼的私人行为。
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引用次数: 5
Towards smart(er) resilient cities. Evidences from Romanian urban areas 迈向智能(更)弹性城市。来自罗马尼亚城市地区的证据
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125040397
A. Bănică, M. Eva, Ema Corodescu-Roșca, B. Ibănescu, Ana-Maria Opria, G. Pascariu
The investment in communication technologies has become increasingly prominent in cities, as they face a considerable pressure to become “smarter”. Connected technologies are able to collect and analyze data in real time, leading to predictive and adaptive decisions. However, being smart(er) does not necessary mean being more resilient; in fact, using sophisticated technologies may have some drawbacks that diminish the general resilience capacity of cities. The present paper aims to explore the relationship between resilience and smart city initiatives. The number of smart city projects is therefore firstly correlated with the resilience capacity (built on three dimensions: economic, socio-demographic, and environmental), then to the outcome resilience (calculated as the recovery following the recent economic crisis). The results show a clear connection between the most socially resilient cities, the share of employment in tertiary activities, and the implementation of smart city projects.
由于城市面临着变得“更智能”的巨大压力,对通信技术的投资在城市中变得越来越突出。互联技术能够实时收集和分析数据,从而做出预测和适应性决策。然而,聪明并不一定意味着更有弹性;事实上,使用复杂的技术可能会有一些缺点,削弱城市的总体恢复能力。本文旨在探讨弹性与智慧城市倡议之间的关系。因此,智慧城市项目的数量首先与弹性能力(建立在三个维度上:经济、社会人口和环境)相关,然后与结果弹性(根据最近经济危机后的复苏计算)相关。结果显示,最具社会弹性的城市、第三产业就业份额和智慧城市项目的实施之间存在明显的联系。
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引用次数: 9
The perspectives of geography, and geography teaching, in secondary pre-service teachers in Czechia 捷克中学职前教师的地理观点与地理教学
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125040501
H. Svobodová, Michaela Spurná, Petr Knecht
The position of geography in Czechia at all levels of education has been declining. In order to improve this situation, it is necessary to innovate university pre-service teachers’ training. It is necessary, however, to first examine Czech pre-service geography teachers’ perspectives of geography as a discipline – and their perspectives of geography teaching. The analytical framework of the study is based on Simon Catling’s typology of geography perspectives. The survey was conducted with 183 pre-service geography teachers at nine geography departments in eight Czech universities. In the questionnaire survey the respondents ranked seven statements belonging to the perspectives of geography as a discipline and to geography teaching. In general, the most commonly held perspectives of geography as a discipline were “Interactionist”, “Earthist”, and “Globalist”. The “Globalist” perspective predominantly concerns perspectives of geography teaching. Research findings are used to formulate recommendations for the remedy of the image of geography.
地理在捷克各级教育中的地位一直在下降。为改善这一现状,有必要对高校职前教师培训进行创新。然而,有必要首先考察捷克职前地理教师对地理作为一门学科的看法——以及他们对地理教学的看法。本研究的分析框架基于西蒙·卡特林的地理学视角类型学。这项调查是对捷克八所大学九个地理系的183名职前地理教师进行的。在问卷调查中,受访者对地理学作为一门学科和地理学教学的观点进行了7个排名。总的来说,地理学作为一门学科最常见的观点是“互动主义者”、“地球主义者”和“全球主义者”。“全球主义者”的观点主要关注地理教学的观点。研究结果用于制定补救地理形象的建议。
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引用次数: 1
From Chernozem to Luvisol or from Luvisol to Chernozem? A discussion about the relationships and limits of the two types of soils. A case study of the soil catena of Hrušov, Czechia 从Chernozem到Luvisol还是从Luvisol到Chernozem?讨论了两种土壤的关系和界限。以捷克Hrušov土壤链为例
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125040473
Barbora Strouhalová, A. Gebhardt, D. Ertlen, L. Šefrna, Kristýna Flašarová, Petr Kolařík, D. Schwartz
1 Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v. v. i., Prague, Czechia; e-mail: strouhalova@arup.cas.cz 2 University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Géographie et d’Aménagement, Laboratoire Image, Strasbourg, France; e-mail: anne.gebhardt-even@inrap.fr, damien.ertlen@live-cnrs.unistra. fr, dominique.schwartz@live-cnrs.unistra.fr 3 Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives Grand Est Nord, Ludres, France 4 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Prague, Czechia; e-mail: ludek.sefrna@natur.cuni.cz, kristyna.flasarova@natur. cuni.cz, petr.kolarik@natur.cuni.cz
1捷克科学院考古研究所,布拉格,v.v.i.,捷克布拉格;电子邮件:strouhalova@arup.cas.cz 2斯特拉斯堡大学,地理与规划学院,图像实验室,斯特拉斯堡,法国;电子邮件:anne.gebhardt-even@inrap.fr, damien.ertlen@live-cnrs.unistra。fr, dominique.schwartz@live-cnrs.unistra.fr 3 Institut National de Recherches archeologique preventives Grand Est Nord, Ludres, France 4 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Physical Geography and Geoecology, Prague, czech;电子邮件:ludek.sefrna@natur.cuni.cz, kristyna.flasarova@nature。库尼。cz, petr.kolarik@natur.cuni.cz
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引用次数: 6
The institutional thickness of an inner periphery in the cross-border region between Central Bohemia and Eastern Bohemia 中波希米亚和东波希米亚跨界地区内边缘的制度厚度
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125040423
Marek Komárek, P. Chromý
The paper aims to analyze the “soft” factors of local development and to understand the nature of the socio-economic differences between municipalities in an inner periphery in Bohemia. The partial goals are to explain which internal conditions are conductive to the formation of these ties of cooperation, to reveal which power structures are involved in the ties of cooperation, and to assess the direction of these interactions. The conclusions are formulated and discussed in relation to the concept of institutional thickness. Our research confirmed the key differentiating role of mayors in local interactions and the importance of administrative boundaries – especially boundaries of self-government regions. These boundaries had the effect of constraining the formation of formal and informal relations between actors in territorial development. The research also provides evidence of the continued existence of links between municipalities that were formed during the communist period. The data come from the author’s field survey among the mayors.
本文旨在分析地方发展的“软”因素,并了解波希米亚内边缘城市之间社会经济差异的本质。部分目标是解释哪些内部条件有助于这些合作关系的形成,揭示哪些权力结构参与了合作关系,并评估这些相互作用的方向。这些结论是与机构厚度的概念有关的。我们的研究证实了市长在地方互动中的关键差异化作用,以及行政边界的重要性,特别是自治区域的边界。这些边界限制了领土发展行为体之间正式和非正式关系的形成。该研究还提供了在共产主义时期形成的城市之间的联系继续存在的证据。数据来自作者对市长的实地调查。
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引用次数: 5
Falling into a digital world: how are paper and interactive maps used by digital natives and immigrants? 进入数字世界:数字原住民和移民如何使用纸质和交互式地图?
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125040447
Katarzyna Słomska-Przech, I. Gołębiowska
Interactive maps are increasingly popular and have spread into everyday life. However, the pace of implementation of interactive maps may differ within different age groups. In order to adjust maps to user expectations and preferences, it is necessary to study disparities in attitude towards different types of maps in groups of various users. The aims of the study are to find out if the approach to maps of different media varies among age groups, and whether the frequency of use of interactive maps and their functions decreases with the age of users. A survey focusing on habits and preferences towards digital and paper maps was conducted among 80 users aged 20–72. Results suggest that the polarization of answers is lower than suggested by the Prensky theory of digital immigrants and natives: people of all ages who were tested have a lot in common in terms of interactive map use. Nonetheless, the youngest group has a strong preference for interactive maps.
交互式地图越来越受欢迎,已经渗透到日常生活中。然而,在不同的年龄组中,交互式地图的实施速度可能有所不同。为了使地图适应用户的期望和偏好,有必要研究不同用户群体对不同类型地图的态度差异。本研究的目的是了解不同媒体的地图使用方法在不同年龄组之间是否存在差异,以及交互式地图的使用频率及其功能是否随着用户年龄的增长而减少。一项针对80名年龄在20-72岁之间的用户对数字和纸质地图的习惯和偏好的调查。结果表明,答案的两极分化程度低于普伦斯基关于数字移民和本地居民的理论:在交互式地图使用方面,所有年龄段的人都有很多共同点。尽管如此,最年轻的群体对交互式地图有着强烈的偏好。
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引用次数: 3
Hydrological drought in the Bohemian Forest region 波希米亚森林地区的水文干旱
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125030271
Vít Skála, B. Janský
Hydrological drought in the Bohemian Forest region – The aim of this study was to select and apply appropriate methods for evaluating hydrological drought in the mountainous Bohemian Forest region. The results from individual hydrological profiles were compared with each other, followed by a general comparison of catchment areas in the extramontane region. The threshold and Gumbel (1963) methods, and a calculation of scarcity volumes, were used. In this way, dry days and episodes were defined, seasonal charts were compiled, and trends were assessed using the Mann–Kendall and Hirsch–Slack trend tests. It was found that the seasonality of the hydrological droughts on the windward and leeward sides of the mountains differed significantly. The maximum number of dry days was found to occur in the windward profiles in autumn and in the leeward profiles in winter. The amount of winter drought decreases with decreasing altitude. Significant decreases in the occurrence of hydrological drought were found in all profiles for the observed period.
波希米亚森林地区的水文干旱-本研究的目的是选择和应用适当的方法来评估波希米亚山区的水文干旱。对各个水文剖面的结果进行了相互比较,然后对山外地区的集水区进行了一般比较。使用阈值和Gumbel(1963)方法,并计算稀缺量。通过这种方式,定义了干旱天数和干旱期,编制了季节性图表,并使用Mann-Kendall和Hirsch-Slack趋势测试评估了趋势。结果表明,山地迎风面和背风面水文干旱的季节性差异显著。干燥日数最多的地区分别是秋季迎风剖面和冬季背风剖面。冬季干旱的数量随着海拔的降低而减少。在观测期内,所有剖面的水文干旱发生率均显著减少。
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引用次数: 0
Splash dams in the Krkonoše Mts: from the history to their possible use Krkonoše mt的溅水坝:从历史到它们可能的用途
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125030291
E. Šádková, B. Janský
This paper summarizes findings from historical sources and literature dealing with the small water reservoirs (splash dams) in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. Based on old maps and historical records in archives and regional museums, this study describes the original causes and period of origin of the splash dams, and deals with their function and their location in the field. Additionally, this paper focuses on the mechanism of log driving in this area to fully understand the entire organized procedure. Up to twenty-four splash dams, built in the Krkonoše Mts mainly in the second half of the sixteenth century, were traced in historical records. At the end, there were given examples of some localities in relation to the possible idea of the restoration of some former small water reservoirs with an effort to gradually increase water retention capacity, and reduce runoff variability in headstream areas.
本文总结了有关Krkonoše (Giant)山小型水库(溢流坝)的历史资料和文献资料,根据古地图、档案馆和地区博物馆的历史记录,描述了溢流坝的形成原因和形成时期,并对溢流坝的作用和在野外的位置进行了探讨。此外,本文还重点研究了该地区的日志驱动机制,以充分了解整个组织过程。据史料记载,主要在16世纪下半叶,在Krkonoše山脉建造了多达24座泄洪大坝。最后,给出了一些地方的例子,关于恢复一些以前的小水库的可能想法,努力逐步增加保水能力,减少源头地区的径流变化。
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引用次数: 2
In defense of housing: The view of Anglo-American radical geography on the housing crisis and its use in Czechia 捍卫住房:英美激进地理学对住房危机的看法及其在捷克的应用
4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.37040/geografie2020125030375
Václav Orcígr
The review essay summarizes the basic thoughts and concepts found in Madden and Marcuse’s book (2016) In Defense of Housing. It also connects its key findings with the current situation of housing in Czechia – with a special focus on the capital Prague. The essay presents current data on the alleged housing crisis in Czechia and seeks to find similarities with the development of the housing situation and housing policies in the Anglo-American context analyzed in the book. It shows that most of its conclusions can be used in the post-socialist context of Central Europe, as some of the processes identified in the 1970s at the start of neoliberal policies in the West are now also visible, and even amplified, in former socialist countries. The essay outlines some basic measures that may help to improve the housing situation in Czechia. The review also outlines several ideas that could challenge the dominant discourse promoted by private investors calling for a removal of building regulations and the public’s exclusion from decision-making.
这篇评论文章总结了马登和马尔库塞在2016年出版的《保卫住房》一书中的基本思想和概念。报告还将其主要调查结果与捷克的住房现状联系起来,特别关注首都布拉格。本文介绍了捷克所谓住房危机的当前数据,并试图找到与书中分析的英美背景下住房状况和住房政策发展的相似之处。它表明,它的大多数结论可以在中欧的后社会主义背景下使用,因为在20世纪70年代西方新自由主义政策开始时确定的一些过程现在在前社会主义国家也可见,甚至被放大了。本文概述了一些可能有助于改善捷克住房状况的基本措施。该报告还概述了一些观点,这些观点可能会挑战私人投资者倡导的主流言论,这些言论呼吁取消建筑法规,并将公众排除在决策之外。
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引用次数: 0
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Geografie-Sbornik CGS
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