Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0524
D. Kacprzak
The paper presents a new approach to the fuzzy SAW method, which uses fuzzy entropy. It allows to identify the best alternative by the application FSAW method if decision makers use fuzzy numbers or linguistic variables. Moreover, the presented method allows to avoid subjectivity and imprecision caused by incomplete knowledge, judgments, opinions and preferences of decision makers.
{"title":"The Fuzzy SAW Method and Weights Determined Based on Fuzzy Entropy","authors":"D. Kacprzak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0524","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new approach to the fuzzy SAW method, which uses fuzzy entropy. It allows to identify the best alternative by the application FSAW method if decision makers use fuzzy numbers or linguistic variables. Moreover, the presented method allows to avoid subjectivity and imprecision caused by incomplete knowledge, judgments, opinions and preferences of decision makers.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"791 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133107952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0538
Marta Kornafel, Ivan Telega
The goal of our paper is to make a critical analysis of selected growth models that use the notion of natural capital and to construct the alternative model. In particular we treat the natural capital as a renewable resource and we use CES production function, weakening the assumption of substitutability of natural capital with other forms of capital. We investigate the optimal paths for capital and consumption, giving their characterization in the dependence on the parameters of the model. The paper ends with conclusions derived from the model.
{"title":"Natural Capital in Economic Models","authors":"Marta Kornafel, Ivan Telega","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0538","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of our paper is to make a critical analysis of selected growth models that use the notion of natural capital and to construct the alternative model. In particular we treat the natural capital as a renewable resource and we use CES production function, weakening the assumption of substitutability of natural capital with other forms of capital. We investigate the optimal paths for capital and consumption, giving their characterization in the dependence on the parameters of the model. The paper ends with conclusions derived from the model.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116928976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-28DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0543
P. Sulewski
This paper proposes scenarios of generating two-way and three way contingency tables (CTs). A concept of probability flow parameter (PFP) plays a crucial role in these scenarios. Additionally, measures of untruthfulness of H0 are defined. The power divergence statistics and the |X| statistics are used. This paper is a simple attempt to replace a nonparametric statistical inference from CTs by the parametric one. Maximum likelihood method is applied to estimate PFP and instructions of generating CTs according to scenarios in question are presented. The Monte Carlo method is used to carry out computer simulations.
{"title":"Nonparametric Versus Parametric Reasoning Based on Contingency Tables","authors":"P. Sulewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes scenarios of generating two-way and three way contingency tables (CTs). A concept of probability flow parameter (PFP) plays a crucial role in these scenarios. Additionally, measures of untruthfulness of H0 are defined. The power divergence statistics and the |X| statistics are used. This paper is a simple attempt to replace a nonparametric statistical inference from CTs by the parametric one. Maximum likelihood method is applied to estimate PFP and instructions of generating CTs according to scenarios in question are presented. The Monte Carlo method is used to carry out computer simulations.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115199067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-29DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0540
Tadeusz Kufel, S. Plaskacz, Joanna Zwierzchowska
The paper examines an infinitely repeated 3-player extension of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We consider a 3-player game in the normal form with incomplete information, in which each player has two actions. We assume that the game is symmetric and repeated infinitely many times. At each stage, players make their choices knowing only the average payoffs from previous stages of all the players. A strategy of a player in the repeated game is a function defined on the convex hull of the set of payoffs. Our aim is to construct a strong Nash equilibrium in the repeated game, i.e. a strategy profile being resistant to deviations by coalitions. Constructed equilibrium strategies are safe, i.e. the non-deviating player payoff is not smaller than the equilibrium payoff in the stage game, and deviating players’ payoffs do not exceed the nondeviating player payoff more than by a positive constant which can be arbitrary small and chosen by the non-deviating player. Our construction is inspired by Smale’s good strategies described in Smale’s paper (1980), where the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma was considered. In proofs we use arguments based on approachability and strong approachability type results.
{"title":"Strong and Safe Nash Equilibrium in Some Repeated 3-Player Games","authors":"Tadeusz Kufel, S. Plaskacz, Joanna Zwierzchowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0540","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines an infinitely repeated 3-player extension of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We consider a 3-player game in the normal form with incomplete information, in which each player has two actions. We assume that the game is symmetric and repeated infinitely many times. At each stage, players make their choices knowing only the average payoffs from previous stages of all the players. A strategy of a player in the repeated game is a function defined on the convex hull of the set of payoffs. Our aim is to construct a strong Nash equilibrium in the repeated game, i.e. a strategy profile being resistant to deviations by coalitions. Constructed equilibrium strategies are safe, i.e. the non-deviating player payoff is not smaller than the equilibrium payoff in the stage game, and deviating players’ payoffs do not exceed the nondeviating player payoff more than by a positive constant which can be arbitrary small and chosen by the non-deviating player. Our construction is inspired by Smale’s good strategies described in Smale’s paper (1980), where the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma was considered. In proofs we use arguments based on approachability and strong approachability type results.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115993684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1762
D. Bogusz, Mariusz Górajski, Magdalena Ulrichs
In this paper, we use the model of Polish economy to examine the two most common strategies of the optimal monetary policy. In the first strategy it is assumed that the central bank implements a strategy of strict inflation targeting, according to the second strategy bank follows a flexible inflation targeting by using both: the inflation targeting and stabilizing the real economy. For both optimal strategies and for the empirical VAR model in finite decision-making horizons the optimal trajectories and impulse reaction functions are determined. Moreover it is examined how the decision-making horizon influences the optimal decisions.
{"title":"Strict vs Flexible Inflation Targeting in the Optimal Monetary Policy Model for Poland","authors":"D. Bogusz, Mariusz Górajski, Magdalena Ulrichs","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1762","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use the model of Polish economy to examine the two most common strategies of the optimal monetary policy. In the first strategy it is assumed that the central bank implements a strategy of strict inflation targeting, according to the second strategy bank follows a flexible inflation targeting by using both: the inflation targeting and stabilizing the real economy. For both optimal strategies and for the empirical VAR model in finite decision-making horizons the optimal trajectories and impulse reaction functions are determined. Moreover it is examined how the decision-making horizon influences the optimal decisions.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"4 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120895633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1764
M. Salamaga
The purpose of this article is to identify and to rank the main factors determining the choice of Polish foreign direct investment (FDI). The research includes the cost factors, market factors, efficiency factors, law factors, social-political factors, which may be important in the search for the beneficiaries of FDI. In the analysis was used data from a survey conducted among companies investing in FDI or planning this form of investing. In the research there are used PCA analysis, Ward’s method, k-means method, discriminant analysis. The result is the creation of companies profiles which have similar investment policy in terms of priorities of the choice of investment destination. The study showed that for polish enterprises choosing a destination of FDI the most important were the cost factors and market factors, and the largest companies segment included enterprises, for which the main motivation of the FDI export was tax optimization.
{"title":"Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the FDI Motivations of Polish Companies","authors":"M. Salamaga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1764","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to identify and to rank the main factors determining the choice of Polish foreign direct investment (FDI). The research includes the cost factors, market factors, efficiency factors, law factors, social-political factors, which may be important in the search for the beneficiaries of FDI. In the analysis was used data from a survey conducted among companies investing in FDI or planning this form of investing. In the research there are used PCA analysis, Ward’s method, k-means method, discriminant analysis. The result is the creation of companies profiles which have similar investment policy in terms of priorities of the choice of investment destination. The study showed that for polish enterprises choosing a destination of FDI the most important were the cost factors and market factors, and the largest companies segment included enterprises, for which the main motivation of the FDI export was tax optimization.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131295642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1766
C. Domański
The article is a characteristic of the development of statistics with emphasis on the contribution made by Polish statisticians. The origins of Polish statistics go back to 17th century when the king’s secretary worked out a formula of presenting crop estimates and published his findings. These and other works are presented in the chapter devoted to the achievements of Polish statisticians before founding International Statistical Institutes. In the following chapters the achievements of international statistical congresses are presented starting from the Brussels Congress in 1853 and ending with the World Statistics Congress in 2015. This article presents only some of the works of Polish statisticians made for the part of the International Statistical Institute. It seems that there is a necessity for presenting the works of Polish statisticians in the most important statistical institute more thoroughly, because it is our duty to foster their achievements.
{"title":"The Role of Polish Statisticians in the International Statistical Institute","authors":"C. Domański","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1766","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a characteristic of the development of statistics with emphasis on the contribution made by Polish statisticians. The origins of Polish statistics go back to 17th century when the king’s secretary worked out a formula of presenting crop estimates and published his findings. These and other works are presented in the chapter devoted to the achievements of Polish statisticians before founding International Statistical Institutes. In the following chapters the achievements of international statistical congresses are presented starting from the Brussels Congress in 1853 and ending with the World Statistics Congress in 2015.\u0000This article presents only some of the works of Polish statisticians made for the part of the International Statistical Institute. It seems that there is a necessity for presenting the works of Polish statisticians in the most important statistical institute more thoroughly, because it is our duty to foster their achievements.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131081440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1763
M. Fałdziński, M. Pietrzak
The article seeks to investigate the issue of interdependence that during crisis periods in the capital markets is of particular importance due to the likelihood of causing a crisis in the real economy. The research objective of the article is to identify this interdependence in volatility. Therefore, first we propose our own modification of the DCC-GARCH model which is so designed as to test for interdependence in conditional variance. Then, the DCC-GARCH-In model was used to study interdependence in volatility of selected stock market indices. The results of the research confirmed the presence of interdependence among the selected markets.
{"title":"The Multivariate DCC-GARCH Model with Interdependence among Markets in Conditional Variances’ Equations","authors":"M. Fałdziński, M. Pietrzak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1763","url":null,"abstract":"The article seeks to investigate the issue of interdependence that during crisis periods in the capital markets is of particular importance due to the likelihood of causing a crisis in the real economy. The research objective of the article is to identify this interdependence in volatility. Therefore, first we propose our own modification of the DCC-GARCH model which is so designed as to test for interdependence in conditional variance. Then, the DCC-GARCH-In model was used to study interdependence in volatility of selected stock market indices. The results of the research confirmed the presence of interdependence among the selected markets.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128315059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1761
M. Rószkiewicz
Article focuses on the identification of factors affecting the non-response in Polish household surveys. The analyse uses data from the survey realized on a random sample of Polish households in 2013 in project Determinant of Educational Decisions. Logistic regression model and classification tree procedure and hybridization of this approach was used to identify factor affecting probability of non-responds. Noncontact and noncooperation in the study was considered separately. Results confirmed that noncontact and noncooperation are two entirely different processes and rules for participation in the study significantly differentiate into subpopulations of Polish households varied by socio-economic features. Efficient organization of the research process should take into account both regional differences in the availability and willingness of cooperation as well as the respondents’ preferences in regarding the way in making contacts.
{"title":"An Attempt to Diagnose Determinants of Non-Response Rate in Polish Household Surveys","authors":"M. Rószkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1761","url":null,"abstract":"Article focuses on the identification of factors affecting the non-response in Polish household surveys. The analyse uses data from the survey realized on a random sample of Polish households in 2013 in project Determinant of Educational Decisions. Logistic regression model and classification tree procedure and hybridization of this approach was used to identify factor affecting probability of non-responds. Noncontact and noncooperation in the study was considered separately. Results confirmed that noncontact and noncooperation are two entirely different processes and rules for participation in the study significantly differentiate into subpopulations of Polish households varied by socio-economic features. Efficient organization of the research process should take into account both regional differences in the availability and willingness of cooperation as well as the respondents’ preferences in regarding the way in making contacts.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131141675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1765
Beata Bal-Domańska
The activities related to the implementation of development policy create the demand for a wide range of statistical indicators supporting the description of the spheres of life, which can be used by the decision makers at various levels while performing diverse operations. Sustainable development, representing the process aimed at achieving the desirable life quality, requires adequate tools allowing for the assessment of our current place along the path of sustainable development. The article presents the general concept of a statistical database construction covering indicators for the purposes of sustainable development monitoring, of universal nature or targeted at the specific strategic documents. The concept was developed based on the author’s own experiences as well as the output of statistical institutions and the subject literature.
{"title":"Statistical Database as the Monitoring Tool of Sustainable Development – Selected Theoretical Aspects","authors":"Beata Bal-Domańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.1765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1765","url":null,"abstract":"The activities related to the implementation of development policy create the demand for a wide range of statistical indicators supporting the description of the spheres of life, which can be used by the decision makers at various levels while performing diverse operations. Sustainable development, representing the process aimed at achieving the desirable life quality, requires adequate tools allowing for the assessment of our current place along the path of sustainable development.\u0000The article presents the general concept of a statistical database construction covering indicators for the purposes of sustainable development monitoring, of universal nature or targeted at the specific strategic documents. The concept was developed based on the author’s own experiences as well as the output of statistical institutions and the subject literature.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125738229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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