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Police Officer Willingness to Use Stress Intervention Services: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Confidentiality and Stigma 警察使用压力干预服务的意愿:感知组织支持、保密性和污名的作用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000163
Jane M. Tucker
In spite of the overwhelm evidence of the negative consequences of untreated police stress, studies suggest that stress intervention services remain under-utilized by police officers. Using data collected from 673 Pennsylvania police officers, the present inquiry examines factors which influence officer willingness to use services, with a focus on perceived organizational support (POS). Findings indicate that officers who perceive support from the organization and view the organization as supportive of the use of services are more willing to use services. Conversely, officers who perceive issues of confidentiality and stigma related to services are less willing to use stress intervention services.
尽管有大量证据表明未经治疗的警察压力会产生负面后果,但研究表明,警察仍然没有充分利用压力干预服务。利用从673名宾夕法尼亚州警官收集的数据,本调查考察了影响警官使用服务意愿的因素,重点是感知组织支持(POS)。调查结果表明,认为组织支持并认为组织支持使用服务的官员更愿意使用服务。相反,认为与服务有关的保密和污名问题的官员不太愿意使用压力干预服务。
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引用次数: 48
Reducing Tobacco-Related Health Disparities among Individuals with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders: Opportunities for Social Work 减少精神疾病和药物使用障碍患者中与烟草相关的健康差异:社会工作的机遇
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000277
Michael W. Brand
While there has been a significant reduction in the general incidence and prevalence of smoking and smoking-related problems, these gains have not been observed in individuals with mental health problems. In spite of a number of improvements in the content, promotion, availability, and delivery of smoking cessation programs, people with mental illness continue to smoke at high rates and experience negative health consequences. Social workers are strategically located within the mental health and healthcare delivery systems, and can play an important role in reducing smoking-related health disparities among individuals with these challenges. Here, we present the epidemiology of smoking and related health problems among individuals with psychiatric and substance use disorders, and provide recommendations regarding the potential contributions of social workers toward decreasing smoking-related health disparities in this population.
虽然吸烟及与吸烟相关问题的总体发生率和流行率已经大幅下降,但在有精神健康问题的人身上却没有看到这些成果。尽管在戒烟计划的内容、推广、可用性和实施方面都有了一些改进,但精神疾病患者的吸烟率仍然很高,并对健康造成了负面影响。社工在心理健康和医疗保健服务体系中具有重要的战略地位,可以在减少这些人群中与吸烟相关的健康差异方面发挥重要作用。在此,我们将介绍精神病患者和药物使用障碍患者吸烟及相关健康问题的流行病学,并就社会工作者在减少该人群吸烟相关健康差异方面的潜在贡献提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
Measurement of Parenting Styles and their Relationship to Well- Being in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯父母教养方式的测量及其与幸福感的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000206
A. Alkhalaf
Objective: The purpose of this research was to validate the a new tool for assessing parenting behavior in Arab populations (specifically in Saudi Arabia), examine the assessment’s relationships with existing measures of well-being, and test the hypothesis that abuse predicts only negative affect and encouragement only positive affect. Methods: The seven-item Arabic Parenting Style Questionnaire (APSQ) assesses Abuse and Encouragement in Saudi Arabian parent-child relationships. The APSQ and other assessments were administered to Saudi Arabian adult participants (Study 1, N = 249; Study 2, N = 293), and their responses were analyzed using correlational and regression analyses. Results: The Abuse and Encouragement subscales of the APSQ showed good factorial discrimination and acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.75 to 0.86), and were weakly correlated (r = -0.20). Encouragement was positively correlated (r = 0.43) with the Authoritative subscale of the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). Subscales of the PAQ and APSQ predicted independent variance of Global Quality of Life (GQOL). Abuse and Encouragement both independently predicted GQOL and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), but only Abuse independently predicted negative affect, and only Encouragement predicted positive affect. Conclusions: Individuals who reported having experienced any abusive parenting, not just extreme abuse, reported decreased well-being long into adulthood, indicating that even parenting practices that may not be seen as abuse can have long-term, negative consequences.
目的:本研究的目的是验证一种评估阿拉伯人口(特别是沙特阿拉伯)养育行为的新工具,检验评估与现有幸福感指标的关系,并检验虐待只预测负面影响,鼓励只预测积极影响的假设。方法:采用7项阿拉伯父母教养方式问卷(APSQ)对沙特阿拉伯亲子关系中的虐待与鼓励进行评估。对沙特阿拉伯成年参与者进行APSQ和其他评估(研究1,N = 249;研究2,N = 293),并采用相关分析和回归分析对其反应进行分析。结果:APSQ的“虐待”和“鼓励”两个分量表表现出良好的因子判别和良好的内部一致性(α = 0.75 ~ 0.86),且呈弱相关(r = -0.20)。鼓励与父母权威问卷(PAQ)的权威分量表呈显著正相关(r = 0.43)。PAQ和APSQ的分量表预测GQOL的独立方差。虐待和鼓励均能独立预测GQOL和生活满意度量表(SWLS),但只有虐待能独立预测消极情绪,只有鼓励能独立预测积极情绪。结论:那些被报告经历过任何虐待的父母,而不仅仅是极端虐待的人,在成年后的幸福感都会下降,这表明即使是不被视为虐待的父母行为也会产生长期的负面影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Syrian Crisis: Challenges and Recommendations 叙利亚危机中的自闭症谱系障碍儿童:挑战和建议
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000285
S. Jabri
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disorders, characterized by impairments or delay in functions related to central nervous system maturation, in addition to impairments in social reciprocity, restricted communication, and behavioral Symptoms (WHO, 2013). ASDs is an umbrella that covers Autism, childhood disintegrative disorders, and Asperger syndrome; usually apparent before the age of 3. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the ASDs prevalence is 62/10000, that is one child in 160 has an autism spectrum disorder (WHO, 2013).
自闭症谱系障碍(ASDs)是一组发育障碍,其特征是与中枢神经系统成熟相关的功能受损或延迟,以及社交互惠、交流受限和行为症状受损(WHO, 2013)。asd是一个保护伞,包括自闭症、儿童分裂性障碍和阿斯伯格综合症;通常在3岁之前就很明显。世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,自闭症的患病率为62/10000,也就是说,每160个孩子中就有一个患有自闭症谱系障碍(WHO, 2013)。
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引用次数: 3
Becoming Aware of New Perspectives. The Power of Photography to Frame a Very Personal Story 意识到新的观点。摄影的力量,框架一个非常个人的故事
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000310
J. Sitvast
Recent news reports (BBC News) show that violence within Burundi is rising again, 12 years after the ending of the bloody civil war between hutu’s and tutsi’s and the genocide on the hutu’s in the nineties of the twentieth century. Tensions are high between former refugees and the population that remained in the area. There is a very high rate of sexual and gender based violence (Cordaid, 2016; WHO Rapport d’Activite, 2014; Ventevogel, Ndayisaba & Van de Put W, 2011). The social support structures in the villages (neighbours helping each other, community leaders solving conflicts in the communities, etc) have been eroded and no longer function well anymore.
最近的新闻报道(BBC新闻)显示,在胡图族和图西族之间的血腥内战以及20世纪90年代对胡图族的种族灭绝结束12年后,布隆迪境内的暴力事件再次上升。前难民和留在该地区的居民之间的关系高度紧张。性暴力和基于性别的暴力发生率非常高(Cordaid, 2016;世卫组织活动关系,2014年;Ventevogel, Ndayisaba & Van de Put W, 2011)。村庄的社会支持结构(邻居互相帮助,社区领导人解决社区冲突等)已经受到侵蚀,不再正常运作。
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引用次数: 0
Building a Foundation for Crisis Intervention in Eastern Europe 为东欧危机干预奠定基础
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000172
E. Parks
The principles of Critical Incident Stress Management for assisting individuals and groups are ap- plied to an Eastern European crisis event. This case study demonstrates the importance of understanding the cultural context where crisis events occur and the value of developing a network of local relationships as a step toward gaining credibility when working cross-culturally. I recount experiences over the past 13 years working in Eastern Europe as a clinical psychologist, consulting and intervening in a wide variety of critical incidents. There is a great need to raise the awareness of depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and addictions among health professionals, educators, clergy, and the general public. By combining the practices of community and clinical psychology, traction has been gained in developing counseling and crisis response initiatives led by both non-professionals and mental health personnel in Eastern Europe.
关键事件压力管理的原则,以协助个人和团体应用于东欧危机事件。本案例研究展示了了解危机事件发生的文化背景的重要性,以及在跨文化工作时,发展当地关系网络作为获得信誉的一步的价值。我讲述了过去13年在东欧作为一名临床心理学家的经历,咨询和干预了各种各样的重大事件。非常有必要提高卫生专业人员、教育工作者、神职人员和一般公众对抑郁、焦虑、创伤、虐待和成瘾的认识。通过结合社区心理学和临床心理学的做法,在发展由非专业人员和精神卫生人员领导的咨询和危机应对举措方面取得了进展。
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引用次数: 1
Persistence of âÂÂSurvival Skillsâ as a Risk Factor for Suicide inSeverely Traumatised Individuals 持续的ÃⅱÂÂSurvival SkillsÃⅱÂÂ是严重创伤个体自杀的危险因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000214
V. Zepinic
Although suicidality is not a diagnostic criterion for PTSD, in clinical practice this condition is often present in particular with those patients who had experienced prolonged or repeated traumatisation. Severely traumatised patients might find suicide as an ‘emergency solution’ in order to escape from the ‘persistence of trauma environment’ that continues into the post-trauma time. Chronic trauma causes identity diffusion, fragility and a feeling of discontinuity, with severely disrupted/shattered self-cohesion, interpersonal relationships and existence. In this study among 24 severely traumatised patients (prisoners of war) it was found evidence of the persistence of five ‘survival skills’: betrayal/detachment, untrustworthiness of perception, traumatic moment, mobilisation for danger, and non-aliveness/vitality which could be a risk factor for the suicidality.
虽然自杀不是PTSD的诊断标准,但在临床实践中,这种情况经常出现在那些经历过长期或反复创伤的患者身上。严重创伤的患者可能会把自杀作为一种“紧急解决方案”,以逃离持续到创伤后时间的“持续创伤环境”。慢性创伤导致身份扩散、脆弱和不连续感,自我凝聚力、人际关系和存在受到严重破坏/粉碎。在这项对24名严重创伤患者(战俘)的研究中,发现了五种“生存技能”持续存在的证据:背叛/超然,感知不可信,创伤时刻,危险动员,失去活力/活力,这可能是自杀的一个风险因素。
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引用次数: 1
Yoga Based Lifestyle for Prevention of Medical Emergencies 以瑜伽为基础的生活方式预防医疗紧急情况
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000271
Hemant Bhargav, R. Nagarathna, Nagendra Hr
Most common medical emergencies may be categorized into following major categories: 1) Acute complications of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), 2) Injuries due to accidents and assaults, 3) Complications of infections, 4) Pregnancy related complications and 5) those due to poisoning and drug over-dosage. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, substance abuse and psychological stress, are important direct or indirect contributors towards these emergencies. We performed a integrative literature review consulting databases of ‘pubmed’ and ‘google scholar’ from the year 2000 to 2015 using following key words: ‘medical emergency’, lifestyle’, ‘yoga’, ‘meditation’, ‘prevention’ and ‘complications’. Randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, uncontrolled trials, systematic reviews and metanalyses were included in this integrative literature review. We also classified these emergencies into four categories depending on their prevalence and usefulness of yoga based lifestyle: 1) Yoga based lifestyle to manage common NCDs and Prevent Complications; 2) Yoga based lifestyle to reduce Stress, Aggression and Substance Abuse in Youth; 3) Yoga Based lifestyle for Prevention and Management of Infections; 4) Yoga based lifestyle for preventing pregnancy related complications. We found that Yoga based lifestyle (YBL) has been effectively used for prevention and management of various chronic medical illnesses. Yoga techniques that include physical postures, regulated breathing, meditation and relaxation help manage the life style better have the potential of bringing down the prevalence of medical emergencies through various direct and indirect mechanisms.
最常见的医疗紧急情况可分为以下几大类:1)慢性非传染性疾病(NCDs)的急性并发症;2)事故和袭击造成的伤害;3)感染并发症;4)与妊娠有关的并发症;5)中毒和药物过量引起的并发症。生活方式因素,如饮食、身体活动、睡眠、药物滥用和心理压力,是造成这些紧急情况的重要直接或间接因素。我们对2000年至2015年的“pubmed”和“google scholar”数据库进行了综合文献回顾,使用以下关键词:“医疗紧急情况”、“生活方式”、“瑜伽”、“冥想”、“预防”和“并发症”。本综合文献综述包括随机对照试验、对照试验、非对照试验、系统评价和荟萃分析。我们还根据其流行程度和瑜伽生活方式的实用性将这些紧急情况分为四类:1)以瑜伽为基础的生活方式管理常见的非传染性疾病并预防并发症;2)以瑜伽为基础的生活方式减少青少年的压力、攻击性和药物滥用;3)以瑜伽为基础的生活方式预防和管理感染;4)以瑜伽为基础的生活方式,预防妊娠相关并发症。我们发现以瑜伽为基础的生活方式(YBL)已经有效地用于预防和管理各种慢性疾病。瑜伽技术包括身体姿势、调节呼吸、冥想和放松,有助于更好地管理生活方式,有可能通过各种直接和间接的机制降低医疗紧急情况的发生率。
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引用次数: 3
Is Individual Temperament Centered Psychotherapy Possible: AProposal Based on Nine Types Temperament Model 以个人气质为中心的心理治疗可能吗:基于九种气质模型的建议
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000183
Enver Demirel Y lmaz, Ö. Ünal, A. Gençer, Ö. Aydemir, Ziya Selçuk
Although there are many psychotherapy approaches today, it can be stated that a psychotherapy approach that is based on the temperament concept, which constitutes the structural basis of individual differences, does not exist. Even though the models focusing on explaining the temperament and the personality draw attention to the importance of these concepts in psychotherapy, these models did not formulate an important psychotherapy approach that places these concepts in its center. In fact, temperament is a key concept, which forms the smallest psychological building stone of individuals, determines the psychopathologic predispositions and the duration of experiencing of the psychopathology by an individual. Thus, temperament concept can be a focus point for the therapeutic approaches. In this study, we proposed the basic approaches and methods of individual temperament centered psychotherapy from the perspective of Nine Types Temperament Model that centers temperament concept. This can be an awarenessbased, non-eclectic, different, holistic and systematic psychotherapy approach which can enable the balancing of behaviors, emotions and ideas of an individual. At the same time, we tried to define a general course of actions for therapists to structure what kind of a therapeutic approach they will apply, which can be considered as a starting point to form a psychotherapy model that considers the human being in a holistic way from normal to psychopathology and focuses on causality.
虽然今天有许多心理治疗方法,但可以说,以气质概念为基础的心理治疗方法是不存在的,气质概念构成了个体差异的结构基础。尽管专注于解释气质和人格的模型引起了人们对这些概念在心理治疗中的重要性的注意,但这些模型并没有形成一个重要的心理治疗方法,将这些概念置于其中心。事实上,气质是一个关键的概念,它构成了个体最小的心理基石,决定了个体的精神病理倾向和精神病理经历的持续时间。因此,气质概念可以成为治疗方法的重点。本研究从以气质概念为中心的九种气质模型出发,提出了个体气质中心心理治疗的基本途径和方法。这可以是一种基于意识的、非折衷的、不同的、整体的和系统的心理治疗方法,它可以使个人的行为、情绪和想法保持平衡。与此同时,我们试图为治疗师定义一个一般的行动过程,以构建他们将采用的治疗方法,这可以被视为形成心理治疗模型的起点,该模型从正常到精神病理的整体方式考虑人类,并关注因果关系。
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引用次数: 8
Alcohol, Depression and Genetic Disposition: The Chicken, the Eggand the Gene Syndrome 酒精、抑郁和基因倾向:鸡、蛋和基因综合症
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000153
Scott Br
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience
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