Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340313
David Jordan
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the Ottoman state’s efforts to centralize the Syndicate of Prophetic Descendants (niqābat al-ašrāf) was paralleled by the massive growth of Prophetic descendants (sādah and ašrāf) and the mass conversion to the Šīʿah among the tribes in the Iraqi provinces. This contribution aims to shed new light on the role of Abū l-Hudà al-Ṣayyādī (1266/1850-1327/1909), the imperial naqīb al-ašrāf and paramount šayḫ and architect of the Sunnī Rifāʿiyyah Sufi order, in this context. Analyzing a selection of Ṣayyādī’s publications on genealogies, Sufi doctrine, and poem collections, the article focuses on his contribution to the emergence of a special subgroup of Prophetic descendants in the Arab tribal landscape, namely al-sādah al-rifāʿiyyah, and on the significance of his genealogical constructions for his understanding of Sunnī Islam as distinct from Šīʿism.
{"title":"Abū l-Hudà al-Ṣayyādī (1850-1909), the niqābat al-ašrāf, and Sufism between Sunnah and Šīʿah in Late Ottoman Iraq (Šarīfism in Modernity I)","authors":"David Jordan","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340313","url":null,"abstract":"During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the Ottoman state’s efforts to centralize the Syndicate of Prophetic Descendants (niqābat al-ašrāf) was paralleled by the massive growth of Prophetic descendants (sādah and ašrāf) and the mass conversion to the Šīʿah among the tribes in the Iraqi provinces. This contribution aims to shed new light on the role of Abū l-Hudà al-Ṣayyādī (1266/1850-1327/1909), the imperial naqīb al-ašrāf and paramount šayḫ and architect of the Sunnī Rifāʿiyyah Sufi order, in this context. Analyzing a selection of Ṣayyādī’s publications on genealogies, Sufi doctrine, and poem collections, the article focuses on his contribution to the emergence of a special subgroup of Prophetic descendants in the Arab tribal landscape, namely al-sādah al-rifāʿiyyah, and on the significance of his genealogical constructions for his understanding of Sunnī Islam as distinct from Šīʿism.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"81 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340311
Stefan Reichmuth
The Indian polymath Muḥammad Murtaḍà al-Zabīdī (1145/1732-1205/1791) studied in Zabīd in the Yemen and then in the Hijaz before he chose to move to Egypt, where he embarked upon a unique career as a leading ḥadīṯ scholar, lexicographer, genealogist and Sufi traditionist of his time. By his philological-cum-ḥadīṯ-oriented activities which were combined with his comprehensive interest in a genealogy of Muslim culture, he greatly fascinated his contemporaries. Genealogical research, recording and writing were a central part of al-Zabīdī’s scholarly interest, and he became a widely respected authority in this field. He was contacted and consulted by scholars and visitors from very distant regions, collecting genealogical information from them and, at the same, responding to their queries about the past of their families and ethnic groups. In the following the central project of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical research and writing, a commentary and extension of an important older genealogical book (al-Naǧafī’s al-Mušaǧǧar al-kaššāf) will be described and scrutinized. Like other works of al-Zabīdī, this commentary has remained unfinished, and even the manuscript situation of al-Naǧafī’s text itself remains highly complex. It is hoped to bring out the specific character of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical approach, which aimed at a universal and, at the same time, updated genealogical framework for the Muslim world, and which perhaps fell victim of the boundless field into which he had plunged.
{"title":"The Infinite Task of Genealogy","authors":"Stefan Reichmuth","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340311","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian polymath Muḥammad Murtaḍà al-Zabīdī (1145/1732-1205/1791) studied in Zabīd in the Yemen and then in the Hijaz before he chose to move to Egypt, where he embarked upon a unique career as a leading ḥadīṯ scholar, lexicographer, genealogist and Sufi traditionist of his time. By his philological-cum-ḥadīṯ-oriented activities which were combined with his comprehensive interest in a genealogy of Muslim culture, he greatly fascinated his contemporaries. Genealogical research, recording and writing were a central part of al-Zabīdī’s scholarly interest, and he became a widely respected authority in this field. He was contacted and consulted by scholars and visitors from very distant regions, collecting genealogical information from them and, at the same, responding to their queries about the past of their families and ethnic groups. In the following the central project of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical research and writing, a commentary and extension of an important older genealogical book (al-Naǧafī’s al-Mušaǧǧar al-kaššāf) will be described and scrutinized. Like other works of al-Zabīdī, this commentary has remained unfinished, and even the manuscript situation of al-Naǧafī’s text itself remains highly complex. It is hoped to bring out the specific character of al-Zabīdī’s own genealogical approach, which aimed at a universal and, at the same time, updated genealogical framework for the Muslim world, and which perhaps fell victim of the boundless field into which he had plunged.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340308
Mohamed Reda Boudchar
The return of the chorfa, especially the Idrīsids, on the social and political scene in Morocco from the 14th century onwards, and the advantages and privileges they acquired thanks to their symbolic capital, led to a vast polemic on the authenticity of their prophetic descent, at a period that saw the emergence of many individuals and families claiming to be genealogically linked to the Prophet. This is why the Baqqālī family, of Idrīsid origin, suffered the rejection of their sharifian nasab, especially after having left the rural world for Tétouan, a city where other sharifian families had settled. The controversy grew between the intellectual elite and the people in charge of verification (ahl al-tawṯīq), and its echo touched historiography, since this sharifian family also represented Sufi sanctity, combining spiritual influence with elements of domination and social privilege.
{"title":"Soufisme et Chérifisme. La généalogie discutée d’une famille vénérée : les chorfa Baqqālī","authors":"Mohamed Reda Boudchar","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340308","url":null,"abstract":"The return of the chorfa, especially the Idrīsids, on the social and political scene in Morocco from the 14th century onwards, and the advantages and privileges they acquired thanks to their symbolic capital, led to a vast polemic on the authenticity of their prophetic descent, at a period that saw the emergence of many individuals and families claiming to be genealogically linked to the Prophet. This is why the Baqqālī family, of Idrīsid origin, suffered the rejection of their sharifian nasab, especially after having left the rural world for Tétouan, a city where other sharifian families had settled. The controversy grew between the intellectual elite and the people in charge of verification (ahl al-tawṯīq), and its echo touched historiography, since this sharifian family also represented Sufi sanctity, combining spiritual influence with elements of domination and social privilege.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340318
Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen
One hundred years after Lévi-Provençal’s Les Historiens des Chorfa and almost twenty-five years after Oriente Moderno’s founding issue on sādāt and ašrāf, a new special issue of Oriente Moderno is devoted to the “quest for ansāb”, along with the quest for ašrāf. Our project focuses mainly on Morocco, and on modern and contemporary sources. Firstly, we will take stock of twentieth- and twenty-first-century historiography, with works devoted to Arab genealogy (Zoltàn Szombathy) and “sayyido-sharifology” (Kazuo Morimoto), and to the intersection of the two (Sara Bowen Savant and Helena de Felipe). Modern and contemporary history is still relatively neglected in a field of research favored by medievalists and ethnologists. Our project aims to reflect on the links between genealogical science, the writing of history and the question of ašrāf, at a time of religious politics. imperial politics and the construction of modern states. Focusing on Morocco, this issue adopts a comparative spirit with three studies on Iraq, genealogical literature in Ottoman Egypt and contemporary Mauritania.
{"title":"Quête des ansāb et quête des ašrāf dans le monde arabe (XVe-XXe siècle)","authors":"Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340318","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred years after Lévi-Provençal’s Les Historiens des Chorfa and almost twenty-five years after Oriente Moderno’s founding issue on sādāt and ašrāf, a new special issue of Oriente Moderno is devoted to the “quest for ansāb”, along with the quest for ašrāf. Our project focuses mainly on Morocco, and on modern and contemporary sources. Firstly, we will take stock of twentieth- and twenty-first-century historiography, with works devoted to Arab genealogy (Zoltàn Szombathy) and “sayyido-sharifology” (Kazuo Morimoto), and to the intersection of the two (Sara Bowen Savant and Helena de Felipe). Modern and contemporary history is still relatively neglected in a field of research favored by medievalists and ethnologists. Our project aims to reflect on the links between genealogical science, the writing of history and the question of ašrāf, at a time of religious politics. imperial politics and the construction of modern states. Focusing on Morocco, this issue adopts a comparative spirit with three studies on Iraq, genealogical literature in Ottoman Egypt and contemporary Mauritania.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340320
Fiad Hebi
Abstract The current study identifies the most important stages of Suhayl Kīwān’s narrative experience by adopting an applied semiotic model made up of three stages. These three stages categorize the narrative experience of Palestinian minority writers in Israel. The beginning stage demonstrates the period in which writers are still conforming to the normative foundations of local writing styles and themes. Writers at this stage often avoid taking literary risks that might jeopardize the public approval of their texts. The second is the transitional stage wherein writers expand their use of literary forms, styles, and techniques and begin to take literary risks that somewhat distinguish them in the world of Arabic literature. The third and final stage is the maturity stage in which writers demonstrate that they have achieved their independent creative identity by uniquely excelling in one or more literary forms, styles, or techniques. The current study traces these stages by taking Suhayl Kīwān as a case that exemplifies the narrative experience of Palestinian minority writers in Israel. It further shows how satirical writing plays a significant role in constructing the independent creative identity of Palestinian minority writers.
{"title":"The Narrative Experience of Palestinian Minority Writers in Israel: The Case of Suhayl Kīwān","authors":"Fiad Hebi","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current study identifies the most important stages of Suhayl Kīwān’s narrative experience by adopting an applied semiotic model made up of three stages. These three stages categorize the narrative experience of Palestinian minority writers in Israel. The beginning stage demonstrates the period in which writers are still conforming to the normative foundations of local writing styles and themes. Writers at this stage often avoid taking literary risks that might jeopardize the public approval of their texts. The second is the transitional stage wherein writers expand their use of literary forms, styles, and techniques and begin to take literary risks that somewhat distinguish them in the world of Arabic literature. The third and final stage is the maturity stage in which writers demonstrate that they have achieved their independent creative identity by uniquely excelling in one or more literary forms, styles, or techniques. The current study traces these stages by taking Suhayl Kīwān as a case that exemplifies the narrative experience of Palestinian minority writers in Israel. It further shows how satirical writing plays a significant role in constructing the independent creative identity of Palestinian minority writers.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"69 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340315
Dorit Gottesfeld
The article examines the situation of women in Saudi Arabia and their changing status as reflected in the writings of two Palestinian writers. It focuses on the way in which the Palestinian writer Ǧamāl Yūnis in his novel The Head documents and criticizes the status of women in the Saudi society. It compares it to Ibrāhīm Naṣrallāh’s famous novella Prairies of Fever, showing that both works emphasize the loneliness and gloom which women suffer and the false freedom that other women enjoy. The article argues that the focus on women is actually a kind of fictional strategy which aims at stressing the suffering of similar marginal groups in the Saudi society, especially immigrants, and at showing that things have changed there only ostensibly, and that ultimately anyone who stays there will be afflicted with “feverˮ. This link appears in Naṣrallāh’s work, however in Yūnis’s book it is heavily accentuated, and is reflected also in the use of a unique motif of a head throughout the novel.
{"title":"Desert Fever: Women in Saudi Arabia Through the Eyes of Palestinian Writers","authors":"Dorit Gottesfeld","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article examines the situation of women in Saudi Arabia and their changing status as reflected in the writings of two Palestinian writers. It focuses on the way in which the Palestinian writer Ǧamāl Yūnis in his novel The Head documents and criticizes the status of women in the Saudi society. It compares it to Ibrāhīm Naṣrallāh’s famous novella Prairies of Fever, showing that both works emphasize the loneliness and gloom which women suffer and the false freedom that other women enjoy. The article argues that the focus on women is actually a kind of fictional strategy which aims at stressing the suffering of similar marginal groups in the Saudi society, especially immigrants, and at showing that things have changed there only ostensibly, and that ultimately anyone who stays there will be afflicted with “feverˮ. This link appears in Naṣrallāh’s work, however in Yūnis’s book it is heavily accentuated, and is reflected also in the use of a unique motif of a head throughout the novel.","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340303
Lorenzo Trombetta
{"title":"La Siria contemporanea: ridisegnando la carta del Vicino Oriente, written by Johannes Waardenburg","authors":"Lorenzo Trombetta","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49271076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340301
Elisa Giunchi
{"title":"The Codification of Islamic Criminal Law in the Sudan. Penal Codes and Supreme Court Case Law under Numayrī and al-Bashīr, written by Olaf Köndgen","authors":"Elisa Giunchi","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1163/22138617-12340302
Tommaso Trevisani
{"title":"Tamerlano: il conquistatore delle steppe che assoggettò l’Asia dando vita ad una nuova civiltà, written by Michele Bernardini","authors":"Tommaso Trevisani","doi":"10.1163/22138617-12340302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35837,"journal":{"name":"Oriente Moderno","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48841582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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