PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

Objective: To identify promising interventions targeting young people in East and Southern Africa through self-care practices, with a focus on prevention of unintended pregnancies and HIV and develop four evidence-based self-care models.

Methods: A structured literature review was conducted followed by a consultation with key stakeholders and youth networks from Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Of the 2,890 published articles identified, 464 were fully reviewed and 59 were included in the final analysis along with 48 pieces of grey literature. A total of 31 youths participated in the consultation sessions.

Results: Self-care interventions with high levels of feasibility, acceptability, and scalability included HIV self-testing, self-management of contraceptives, and self-awareness for improved and safer sex behaviours and sexual health. Key features of these interventions included the use of non-clinical environments, regular follow ups to reinforce practice, use of digital solutions, linkage to in person care, and participatory approaches involving young people from ideation to implementation.

Conclusion: Self-care models that promote distribution, access, support through multiple mechanisms in non-clinical environments are more acceptable and more effective in reaching young people.

Objectives: To identify implementation variables and justify the use of the community component of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).

Method: The search was carried out in Cochrane, PubMed, Emerald, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc and Google Scholar databases. Studies that analyzed the implementation of the community component of mhGAP were included, excluding those focused solely on the clinical component of mhGAP.

Results: Out of the 726 records initially identified, only four met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that the evaluation of the community component of mhGAP has primarily been conducted in conjunction with other global and community mental health strategies, as part of multimodal approaches. Factors are recognized as key barriers and facilitators for the successful implementation of the program.

Conclusion: The community component of mhGAP presents itself as a promising proposal to strengthen community-based mental health strategies. However, there is an urgent need to generate more evidence on the implementation of these strategies, particularly in terms of resource availability, long-term sustainability, and outcome monitoring.

Objective: This scoping review examines health outcome trends in European cross-border regions, identifies available evidence, and highlights research gaps. The European Union's integration efforts aim to harmonise living standards and healthcare access. Removed border controls and freedom of movement enhanced service availability, benefiting populations in border regions with cross-border healthcare access. However, these populations are exposed to different institutional settings, highlighting health differences worth studying.

Methods: We employed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, using the PCC (Population-Concept-Context) framework to set eligibility criteria. The search covered literature databases and international governmental institution websites, yielding 785 studies, with 24 included in the final analysis.

Results: No comprehensive studies investigating longitudinal population health patterns were found. Instead, there are studies on specific diseases or health outcomes in particular border regions, especially around Germany. Most of these studies were cross-sectional. Five key research themes emerged: antibiotic resistance, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2, other infectious diseases, cancer survival, and additional health outcomes.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that cross-border contexts have predominantly been used to study infectious disease spread, with little attention given to the broader impact of European integration on long-term health trends.

Objective: To determine the impacts of climate variability on foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide.

Methods: This work was performed based on PRISMA guideline. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The search was made using Boolean logic operators, medical subject headings, and main keywords related to foodborne diarrheal disease. STATA version 17 was used to perform an analysis. The quality of the articles was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools.

Results: The present study included 54 articles with an estimates of 103 findings. An increases in temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, rainfall, and flooding were associated with 4% [RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05], 3% [RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06], 2% [RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03], 1% [RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02], and 42% [RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.57] increases in foodborne diarrhoeal disease, respectively.

Conclusion: There was a significant association between foodborne diarrhoeal disease and climate variability, and indicate the need for building a climate-resilient food safety system to reduce foodborne diarrheal disease.

Systematic review registration: identifier CRD42024532430.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify the relationships of surrounding residential greenness with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in January 2024 through 5 electronic databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINHAL (Complete and GreenFILE). The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024528548).

Results: Eleven cross-sectional studies involving 564,254 individuals with a mean age of 55.95 years were included. A significant inverse relationship was observed between increased surrounding greenness and lower odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70-0.91), elevated TG (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96-0.97), and low HDL-C levels (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95-1.00).

Conclusion: Abdominal obesity and elevated triglyceride levels could be reduced in the general adult population by increasing residential greenness. These findings underscore the importance of integrating greenness into urban planning and public health policies to promote healthier environments. Interventions such as the development of urban green spaces could play a crucial role in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024528548.

Objectives: We systematically appraised peer reviewed evidence assessing the impact of "place-based approaches" (PBAs) - those requiring multi-sectoral action within localities to address complex health challenges - on mental health outcomes among adolescents.

Methods: We searched six databases from inception to May 2023. We defined PBAs as at least two sectors (e.g., local government, health) working collaboratively within a locality. Studies reporting mental health and substance-use among young people (aged 10-24) were included. Two authors independently assessed study quality using MMAT. Heterogeneity in PBAs, study design and outcomes prevented meta-analysis; results were narratively synthesised.

Results: Thirty-three publications presented data from 22 PBA evaluations; 6 evaluations assessed mental health or wellbeing, 16 appraised substance use. Higher quality evaluations found no impact on mental health outcomes (n = 4), and some evidence for delayed initiation (n = 4) and reduced point-in-time use (n = 10) of alcohol. Evidence for impact on binge-drinking and drug use was mixed.

Conclusion: Based on very few published studies of mixed quality, PBAs have not improved mental health or wellbeing among adolescents. More evidence exists to suggest PBAs can improve certain alcohol use outcomes in young people.