PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

Objective: To identify the place of death and associated factors among individuals in Latin American countries, with a particular focus on chronic conditions and serious health-related suffering.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted across five databases in May 2024 following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included data on the place of death of at least one Latin American country.

Results: Twenty-one studies with data from 12 Latin American countries were included. Hospital was the most frequent place of death in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Uruguay, while home deaths predominated in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Guatemala. In Chile, Peru, and Mexico, the distribution was mixed, varying by population and clinical condition. Findings showed that older individuals and lower education were associated with an increased likelihood of home death. Marital status and urban residence showed mixed associations. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to high heterogeneity among the studies.

Conclusion: The place of death of people with chronic and serious health-related conditions in Latin America varies considerably, reflecting disparities in healthcare access, sociocultural values, and health system infrastructure. Findings highlight the need for country-specific, equity-oriented end-of-life care policies.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024553349.

Objectives: The introduction of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has significantly reduced the disease's burden. Tribes comprise approximately 8.6% of the Indian population, making it pertinent to investigate the epidemiology of HBV among these individuals. We synthesized the prevalence of HBV among tribes in India.

Methods: We searched the Medline (via the PubMed search engine), Embase, and CINAHL databases, in addition to the first 10 pages of Google Scholar. We included original observational studies that screened tribal populations for HBV infection, reported the prevalence of HBsAg (our main preference), and/or other markers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The pooled prevalence was presented after conducting a meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42022334938).

Results: A total of 24 studies were selected for this study. The pooled prevalence of HBV (as measured by the proportion of individuals testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen) was estimated to be 9.99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.07-14.75, I² = 98.7%, p < 0.01). The highest HBV prevalence was noted in the northern zone of the country (19.60%, 95% CI 15.09-24.54, I² = 84.4%, p < 0.01), followed by the northeastern zone (13.43%, 95% CI 6.09-23.08, I² = 98.4%, p < 0.01), and the southern zone (10.44%, 95% CI 4.75-18.01, I² = 98.9%, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: A considerable prevalence of HBV was observed in tribal communities in India, a fact that cannot be overlooked. This information may be useful for planning HBV vaccination strategies among tribes in India.

Objective: In Canada, over 7.8 million individuals provide care, with nearly one-quarter aged 65 or older. As essential partners in aging, caregivers bridge formal care systems and the broader care economy. With caregiving demands expected to double over the next 30 years, identifying and addressing caregivers' evolving support needs is critical to sustaining compassionate, connected care. This systematic review aims to document caregivers' self-identified support needs in delivering quality care.

Methods: A systematic search of bibliographic databases and grey literature was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines and supplemented by reference mining. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English between 2020 and 2025; reviews and grey literature were excluded. Selection was managed using Covidence, and methodological quality was assessed independent by two reviewers utilizing Joanna Briggs Institute tools.

Results: Of 3,629 records, 83 studies were included: 59 qualitative, 17 quantitative, and 7 mixed-methods. Five key themes with twelve sub-themes emerged, reflecting caregivers' needs related to system navigation, inclusive technologies, coordinated care system, emotional and practical, and financial/workplace resources.

Conclusion: Caregivers' insights highlight priority areas to inform caregiver-centred policies, services, and research that enhance caregiver wellbeing and care quality for older adults.

Objectives: This study examines unintended consequences (UIC) of public health and social measures (PHSM) in camps and camp-like settings and assesses the pathways through which these UIC arise.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and conceptual analysis of UIC from PHSM aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread in these settings. PHSM were classified using the WHO taxonomy and the CONSEQUENT framework to analyse UIC pathways. The most frequent PHSM groups were: a) surveillance and response, b) social and physical distancing, and c) operational measures.

Results: We identified 113 predominantly negative UIC impacting physical and mental health, healthcare access, economic stability, and social interactions. UIC occurred in both high- and low-income countries. Key mechanisms linking PHSM to UIC included mistrust, increased risk factors, lack of information, and uncertainty.

Conclusion: This study reveals the complex interactions between PHSM and UIC and their broad mostly negative effects on marginalised populations. To reduce UIC in future health emergencies, they must be considered in pandemic planning with all stakeholders. Trust-building should be central in health interventions and PHSM design for more effective and equitable responses.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022384673.

Objective: This review was conducted with the aim of assessing the pooled prevalence of congenital anomalies and its predictors among newborns in Ethiopia.

Methods: The relevant studies were identified by electronic database searching methods. All statistical analyses were carried out with STATA™ Version-14 software.

Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of congenital anomalies was 21.25 per 1,000 newborns. Age of the mother 35 years and above (POR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.59-6.82) absence of formal education among mothers (POR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.12-1.63), maternal cigarate smoking (POR = 2.98, 95% CI:1.56-5.67), alcoholic drinking (POR = 2.66, 95% CI:1.28-5.51), chat chewing (POR = 3.37, 95% CI:1.57-7.21), no folic acid supplementation (POR = 4.29, 95% CI:2.35-7.83), pesticide exposure (POR = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.02-5.16), medication use during pregnancy (POR = 4.37, 95% CI:2.11-9.06), maternal chronic illness (POR = 3.76, 95% CI:1.72-8.20), preterm (POR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.59-3.47), multiple pregnancy (POR = 3.66, 95% CI:1.99-6.71), low birth weight (POR = 5.46, 95% CI: 4.41-6.75) were identified as the predictors of congenital anomalies among newborns in Ethiopia.

Conclusion: Relatively high burden of congenital anomalies were detected. Hence, strategies to minimize substance use, exposure to pesticide and medication, and to improve folic acid supplementation during pregnancy should be encouraged.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1607756.].

Objectives: Communicable diseases continue to threaten global health, with COVID-19 as a recent example. Rapid data analysis using machine learning (ML) is crucial for detecting and controlling outbreaks. We aimed to identify how ML approaches have been applied to achieve public health objectives in communicable disease control and to explore algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, and strategies to mitigate these biases.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, ACM DL, INSPEC, and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed studies from 1 January 2000, to 15 July 2022. Included studies applied ML models in population and public health to address ten communicable diseases with high prevalence.

Results: 28,378 citations were retrieved, and 209 met our inclusion criteria. ML for communicable diseases has risen since 2020, particularly for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 177), followed by malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis. Eighteen studies (8.61%) considered bias, and only eleven implemented mitigation strategies.

Conclusion: A growing number of studies used ML for disease surveillance. Addressing biases in model design should be prioritized in future research to improve reliability and equity in public health outcomes.

Background: Climate change negotiations often stall because of debates about equity. The SDGs affirm all countries' responsibilities to act on climate and high-income countries' initial $100 billion annual financing commitment; the SDGs also affirm fundamental human rights that are foundational to both equality and a strong economy. Nevertheless, climate investments historically have neglected people-centered climate solutions that would powerfully advance these interconnected goals.

Analysis: Realizing girls' equal rights in education, women's equal rights at work, and freedom from gender-based violence would fulfill fundamental human rights while markedly accelerating climate mitigation and adaptation. Mechanisms include increased reproductive autonomy, higher adoption of sustainable fuels and regenerative agriculture, increased resilience to climate disasters, and greater gender parity in leadership.

Policy options: A variety of options are available for countries to invest in gender equality simultaneously with nature- and energy-based solutions. These include carbon markets, debt-for-equity swaps, and existing UNFCCC financing mechanisms. The climate impacts of people-centered solutions are estimable.

Conclusion: Successfully addressing climate will require investments in gender equality. Bilateral and multilateral bodies can build on existing data to achieve this through a variety of climate mechanisms.

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available literature on interventions that mitigate the effects of housing insecurity on the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents (0-18 years), describing their characteristics, levels of action (structural, intermediate, or individual/group), and reported outcomes.

Methods: In January 2025, we conducted a comprehensive search across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and 1 gray literature search engine (Carrot2), without time restrictions. 6,002 articles underwent three sequential screening phases. Results were described through a narrative synthesis of the evidence.

Results: Twenty-six studies were included. Public housing, housing vouchers, and subsidies to private housing developers were the most common interventions, targeting structural and intermediate levels. Reported outcomes varied: physical health and healthcare use generally improved, while mental health and educational effects were mixed. Only two studies assessed multi-assistance programs.

Conclusion: Affordability-focused interventions can improve health for children and adolescents, while multi-assistance approaches show promise. Broader welfare policies may also benefit this population. Future research should diversify geographically, use mixed methods, address age-specific outcomes, and examine more decommodifying housing strategies.

Objectives: This umbrella review aimed to clarify the dose-response relationship between napping duration and multiple health outcomes.

Methods: Following JBI guidelines, the review included studies from PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Data on health outcomes, effect sizes, and study characteristics were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using AMSTAR-2 and GRADE. A random effects model and a sensitivity analysis were used to evaluate the associations.

Results: This umbrella review identified 16 meta-analyses encompassing 244 health-related outcomes. Napping for <60 min maximizes cognitive enhancement (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.37-1.00) and reduces fatigue, while minimizing the risk of all-cause mortality and chronic diseases. Napping for >60 min correlates with a 30% higher risk of coronary heart disease and a 20% increased risk of diabetes and obesity; short naps (20-30 min) improve athletic performance (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.67-1.31) and recovery, particularly in sleep-deprived individuals.

Conclusion: Limiting nap duration to ≤60 min may optimize cognitive and physical benefits while reducing chronic disease risks. For individuals with chronic conditions, it is prudent to avoid prolonged naps (>60 min) and prioritize nighttime sleep quality.