PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

Objective: To identify and synthesize the barriers and facilitators to accessing and using maternal healthcare (MHC) services by women living in rural Bangladesh.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted using six databases in 2024. Studies were synthesized using a thematic approach, underpinned by the Social-Ecological Model.

Results: Searches returned 3,619 studies, of which 37 were included in this review. Findings related to barriers and facilitators were categorized into four themes: individual, family, social and community, and organizational levels. Key barriers to accessing and using MHC services included illiteracy, lack of family support, cultural taboo to pregnancy disclosure, distance to health facilities, and lack of quality services. Key facilitators to accessing and using MHC services were higher literacy levels, family support, NGO support and mass media exposure, and free healthcare services.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the review, to improve Bangladeshi women's access to and use of MHC services, improvements in women's literacy levels, village roads, family support, and service-related skills of healthcare providers are necessary.

Background: The increase in patients' needs and demands resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an assessment of whether health systems were performant enough. Health system performance refers as how far health systems achieve their desired goals. Measuring the Swiss health system performance taking into account its ability to prepare, manage and learn from a crisis will allow to better interpret the assessment.

Analysis: Assessments of the Swiss health system performance appear not to fully align to recent developments on conceptual thinking of the WHO and the OECD, notably regarding the assessment of the resilience of a health system, and need to be modified to better reflect current developments.

Policy options: Recommendations include considering resilience as a core concept, standardizing a framework integrating resilience, considering resilience indicators, and enhancing data collection and sharing.

Conclusion: To ensure long-term resilience and performance, Switzerland must act decisively to unify its data systems, institutionalize regular performance reviews including resilience indicators, and build a common framework and language for resilience.

Objectives: This research aimed to determine the state of the art of health promotion actions in higher education institutions of European Union member countries.

Methods: To achieve the proposed objective, an integrative literature review was conducted. The collection of analyzed articles was carried out across four databases and a data compilation, where studies published between 2016 and 2022 were reviewed. The analysis was conducted through the description of the actions in health promotion (HP).

Results: Fourteen articles were selected for analysis. The HP actions described primarily target students. Some of the main topics covered in the studies are health habits related to gender differences, recreational substances and health education.

Conclusion: Although research in this area is increasing, it appears necessary to further disseminate the principles of the health promotion universities movement to raise awareness across the entire academic community. This could more easily lead to the development of more effective HP actions directed at the entire academic community and those outside the institutions.

Background: Public health is under pressure from rising populism, disinformation, and weakened global institutions, threatening cooperation, equity, and trust in science.

Analysis: Populism politicises health, suppresses evidence, and marginalises vulnerable groups. Public health diplomacy must adapt, becoming more politically aware, ethically grounded, and resilient.

Policy options: We propose nine ways forward: create diplomacy labs for crisis simulation; empower non-state actors like cities and NGOs; strengthen ethical communication and listening; protect health workers; build alternative accountability systems; reframe health as a diplomatic priority; decentralise and diversify funding; develop a new diplomacy curriculum; reinvent and defend multilateralism.

Conclusion: Public health diplomacy must evolve into a bold, inclusive, and strategic force. By defending evidence, empowering diverse actors, and reforming institutions, it can safeguard health as a foundation for peace and global progress.

Objectives: This study aims to compare methods used to measure burnout, fatigue, stress, and resilience, as well as resilience-building interventions among healthcare personnel (HCP) in Southern and South-eastern Asia. Even before COVID-19, HCP faced high levels of burnout and stress, exacerbated by the pandemic. Identifying effective resilience-building strategies is essential to supporting a healthier workforce.

Methods: Studies published from January 2016 to December 2021 focusing on burnout, stress, fatigue, and resilience were included. COVIDENCE software was used for screening.

Results: A total of 55 studies were included in the review. Of these 55 studies, 51 measured burnout, stress, fatigue, or resilience, using 77 different instruments. The MBI-HSS, PSS-10, BRS, Brief-COPE, and CD-RISC were the most common tools to assess burnout, stress, and individual resilience. Four studies evaluated resilience interventions, using mindfulness training, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and yoga.

Conclusion: There are many studies assessing burnout, stress, and resilience among HCP in Southern and South-eastern Asia, yet gaps remain in identifying effective resilience-building interventions. Further research is needed to assess the impact of individual resilience on health systems resilience.

Objectives: This paper explores the importance of education for children and communities in promoting One Health (OH) principles and fostering a holistic understanding of the interdependencies between humans, animals, ecosystems, and climate change (CC).

Methods: Literature on education's role in promoting One Health and climate awareness amongst children was screened.

Results: It highlights the role of networking and system reform in creating an enabling environment for OH education, ensuring collaboration among diverse stakeholders including educators, healthcare professionals, environmentalists, and policymakers. Furthermore, it examines the impact of CC and need for OH approach with emphasis to educate children about the consequences of environmental degradation and climate-related health risks. Through interactive and interdisciplinary educational approaches, children can become accountable to environment and become advocates for sustainable CC mitigation practices. Integrating OH principles into educational curricula equips children to address complex global challenges effectively.

Conclusion: This paper advocates for a comprehensive OH education approach encompassing formal, informal learning, community engagement, and policy support. Empowering children and the public with OH knowledge supports a healthier, more sustainable planetary future.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa were employed in this study. Using pertinent search terms, all research found in Google Scholar, HINARI, Cochrane Library, and PubMed was located. Following the evaluation of the evidence with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for cross-sectional studies, data were extracted.

Results: Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total sample of 12,295 adolescent girls. The pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa was 30% [95% CI: 29%-32%], with significant heterogeneity observed (I² = 99.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The high pooled prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa indicates a substantial public health concern. This review provides up-to-date epidemiological data that can support health policymakers. Strengthening anemia prevention and control strategies, along with establishing targeted interventions at local health system levels, is crucial.

Objectives: Various studies have shown that social adversity, such as loneliness or low SES, are linked with worse cognitive outcomes, though underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. This scoping review aims to summarize existing evidence on biological processes that may serve as mediators underlying this association.

Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies measuring social adversity, cognition, and at least one biological mechanism were included. Results were summarized narratively and in tabular formats.

Results: Twelve studies (n = 12) examined links between social adversity, cognition, and biological mechanisms. Inflammation, allostatic load, genetics and genetic aging markers were the three main biological mechanisms identified as potential mediators.

Conclusion: Several studies suggest that these biological mechanisms may mediate the link between social adversity and cognitive decline. However, further research is needed to clarify these complex relationships, which are crucial for developing targeted interventions, especially for socially disadvantaged populations.