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Psychosocial Attributes of Housing and Their Relationship With Health Among Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Populations in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review. 高收入国家难民和寻求庇护者住房的社会心理属性及其与健康的关系:系统回顾。
IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-05-04 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605602
Tessa-Maria Brake, Verena Dudek, Odile Sauzet, Oliver Razum

Objectives: Housing as a social determinant of health should provide not only shelter, but also a feeling of home. We explored psychosocial pathways creating a sense of home and influencing the relationship between housing and health among asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in high-income countries. Methods: We performed a systematic review. To be included, studies had to be peer-reviewed, published between 1995 and 2022, and focus on housing and health of ASR in high-income countries. We conducted a narrative synthesis. Results: 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The psychosocial attributes influencing health most often identified were control, followed by expressing status, satisfaction, and demand. Most attributes overlap with material/physical attributes and have an impact on ASR's mental health. They are closely interconnected with each other. Conclusion: Psychosocial attributes of housing play an essential role in the health of ASR; they are closely associated with material/physical attributes. Therefore, future research on housing and health of ASR should routinely study psychosocial attributes, but always in association with physical ones. The connections between these attributes are complex and need to be further explored. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021239495.

目标:住房作为健康的社会决定因素,不仅应提供住所,还应提供家的感觉。我们探讨了在高收入国家寻求庇护者和难民(ASR)中产生家的感觉并影响住房与健康之间关系的社会心理途径。研究方法我们进行了系统性回顾。所纳入的研究必须经过同行评审,发表于 1995 年至 2022 年之间,并关注高收入国家寻求庇护者和难民的住房与健康问题。我们进行了叙述性综合。结果32 项研究符合纳入标准。最常见的影响健康的社会心理属性是控制,其次是表达状态、满意度和需求。大多数属性与物质/身体属性重叠,并对 ASR 的心理健康产生影响。这些属性彼此密切相关。结论住房的社会心理属性对 ASR 的健康起着至关重要的作用;它们与物质/物理属性密切相关。因此,今后关于住房和 ASR 健康的研究应定期研究社会心理属性,但一定要与物质属性联系起来。这些属性之间的联系十分复杂,需要进一步探讨。系统综述注册:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/,标识符为 CRD42021239495。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing opinion on lower LDL-cholesterol lowering, and the role of newer lipid-reducing treatment options. 评估对降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的看法以及新型降脂治疗方案的作用。
Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-05-02 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5837/bjc.2023.014
Derek L Connolly, Azfar Zaman, Nigel E Capps, Steve C Bain, Kevin Fernando

While statins are the gold standard for lipid-lowering therapies, newer therapies, such as PCSK9 inhibitors, have also demonstrated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, but with a similar or better safety profile. Conflicting guidance has contributed to a low uptake. More up-to-date, evidence-led guidance supports greater use of newer therapies, particularly in combination with statins, to reduce LDL-C to levels shown to be effective in trials. The aim of this study was to determine how such guidance can be implemented more effectively in the UK. Using a modified Delphi approach, a panel of healthcare professionals with an interest in the management of dyslipidaemia developed 27 statements across four key themes. These were used to form an online survey that was distributed to healthcare professionals working in cardiovascular care across the UK. Stopping criteria included 100 responses received, a seven-month window for response (September 2021 to March 2022), and 90% of statements passing the predefined consensus threshold of 75%. A total of 109 responses were analysed with 23 statements achieving consensus (four statements <75%). Variance was observed across respondent role, and by UK region. From the high degree of consensus, seven recommendations were established as to how evidence-based guidance can be delivered, including a call for personalised therapy strategies and simplification of LDL-C goals, which should be achieved within as short a time as possible.

虽然他汀类药物是降脂疗法的黄金标准,但 PCSK9 抑制剂等新疗法也能降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),而且安全性相似或更好。相互矛盾的指导意见导致了低吸收率。以证据为导向的最新指导意见支持更多地使用新疗法,尤其是与他汀类药物联合使用,将低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低到试验证明有效的水平。本研究旨在确定如何在英国更有效地实施此类指南。一个由对血脂异常管理感兴趣的医疗保健专业人士组成的小组采用改良德尔菲法,针对四个关键主题制定了 27 项声明。这些陈述被用来组成一份在线调查,分发给英国各地从事心血管护理的医护人员。终止标准包括收到 100 份回复、7 个月的回复窗口期(2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 3 月)以及 90% 的声明通过 75% 的预定共识阈值。共对 109 份回复进行了分析,其中 23 份声明达成了共识(4 份声明
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引用次数: 0
An Umbrella Review of the Best and Most Up-to-Date Evidence on the Built Environment and Physical Activity in Older Adults ≥60 Years. 关于建筑环境与年龄≥60 岁老年人体育活动的最新最佳证据综述。
IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-03-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605474
Jodie A Stearns, Hayford M Avedzi, Desmond Yim, John C Spence, Farshad Labbaf, Carminda G Lamboglia, Fiona Ko, Ciara Farmer, Ellina Lytvyak, Megan Kennedy, Yeong-Bae Kim, Hui Ren, Karen K Lee

Objectives: To present the best and most up-to-date evidence on associations between built environment (BE) attributes and overall and specific domains of physical activity (PA) (i.e., leisure, transport, walking, and cycling) in older adults (≥60 years). Methods: An umbrella review was undertaken to compile evidence from systematic reviews using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A comprehensive search (updated 16 August 2022), inclusion/exclusion of articles via title/abstract and full-text reviews, data extraction, and critical appraisal were completed. Only reviews with a good critical appraisal score were included. Results: Across three included systematic reviews, each BE attribute category was positively associated with ≥1 PA outcome. A larger number of significant associations with BE attributes were reported for transport walking (13/26), total walking (10/25), and total PA (9/26), compared to leisure walking (4/34) and transport cycling (3/12). Fewer associations have been examined for leisure cycling (1/2). Conclusion: Although the causality of findings cannot be concluded due to most primary studies being cross-sectional, these best and most up-to-date findings can guide necessary future longitudinal and experimental studies for the (re)design of age-friendly communities.

目的提供有关老年人(≥60 岁)建筑环境(BE)属性与身体活动(PA)的总体和特定领域(即休闲、交通、步行和骑自行车)之间关系的最新最佳证据。方法:采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute)的方法,对系统综述中的证据进行汇总。完成了全面检索(2022 年 8 月 16 日更新)、通过标题/摘要和全文综述纳入/排除文章、数据提取和批判性评价。只有批判性评价得分较高的综述才被纳入。结果在纳入的三篇系统综述中,每种 BE 属性类别都与≥1 种 PA 结果呈正相关。与休闲步行(4/34)和交通骑行(3/12)相比,交通步行(13/26)、总步行(10/25)和总运动量(9/26)与 BE 属性有更多的重要关联。休闲骑行的相关性研究较少(1/2)。结论:尽管由于大多数主要研究都是横断面研究,因此无法对研究结果的因果关系做出结论,但这些最新的最佳研究结果可以为今后进行必要的纵向和实验研究提供指导,从而(重新)设计对老年人友好的社区。
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引用次数: 0
Revolutionizing the Public Health Workforce-A Policy Brief in Retrospect of the World Congress on Public Health Rome 2020. 改革公共卫生人力——2020年罗马世界公共卫生大会回顾政策简报。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1604807
Barbara Maria Bürkin, Pete Milos Venticich, Philip Baba Adongo, Naomar De Almeida-Filho, Laura Magaña, John Middleton, Luis Eugenio Souza, Katarzyna Czabanowska

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically illustrates the consequences of inadequate prioritization of the Public Health Workforce (PHW). This Policy Brief introduces a Call for Action following the plenary session entitled "Revolutionising the Public Health Workforce (PHW) as Agents of Change" as part of the 2020 World Congress on Public Health. Policy Options and Recommendations: In order to revolutionize the PHW, five long-term key approaches are proposed: 1. Transforming public health competencies through transdisciplinary education and inter-professional training; 2. Revolutionizing educational systems by shifting the public health paradigm; 3. Linking public health education and work opportunities; 4. Overcoming the paradoxical shortage and overproduction of graduates and 5. Developing adaptable, multisectoral agents of change. Conclusion: Public health education of the future requires a paradigm shift towards a holistic understanding of public health, characterized by transdisciplinary education, inter-professional training and a closer integration of academia, health services, and communities.

背景:2019冠状病毒病大流行极大地说明了公共卫生人力(PHW)优先次序不充分的后果。作为2020年世界公共卫生大会的一部分,本政策简报介绍了题为“作为变革推动者的公共卫生人力革命化”的全体会议之后的行动呼吁。政策选择和建议:为了彻底改变PHW,提出了五个长期关键方法:1。通过跨学科教育和跨专业培训转变公共卫生能力;2. 通过改变公共卫生范式革新教育系统;3.将公共卫生教育与工作机会联系起来;4. 克服毕业生短缺和生产过剩的矛盾。发展适应性强、多部门的变革推动者。结论:未来的公共卫生教育需要一种范式转变,以对公共卫生的整体理解为特征,其特点是跨学科教育、跨专业培训以及学术界、卫生服务和社区的更紧密结合。
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引用次数: 1
Food Intake and Food Selection Following Physical Relocation: A Scoping Review. 物理迁移后的食物摄入和食物选择:范围审查。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605516
Trevor Kouritzin, John C Spence, Karen Lee

Objectives: To synthesize the current available evidence on the changes in food intake and food selection after physical relocation in non-refugee populations. Methods: The inclusion criteria were studies with a measurement of food selection and/or food intake in non-refugee populations where physical relocation had occurred with self-reported or objective assessment of the neighbourhood physical environment before and after relocation. Databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 1946 to August 2022. Results: A total of four articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, these studies gave longitudinal (n = 2) and cross-sectional (n = 2) evidence to suggest that moving to an urban neighbourhood with more convenience stores, cafés and restaurants around the home was associated with an increase in unhealthy food intake in adult populations. Additional factors such as income, vehicle access, cost, availability and perceptions of the local food environment played a role in shaping food selection and food intake. Conclusion: Four internal migration studies were found. The limited evidence base calls for more research. Future studies should include children and apply appropriate research designs to account for neighbourhood self-selection and concurrent life events. International migration studies should include assessment of neighbourhood physical environments pre- and post-relocation.

目的:综合目前有关非难民人口在实际迁移后食物摄入和食物选择变化的证据。方法:纳入标准是对非难民人口的食物选择和/或食物摄入量进行测量的研究,这些人口在搬迁之前和之后进行了自我报告或客观评估的社区物理环境。检索的数据库包括1946年至2022年8月的MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL和SCOPUS。结果:共有4篇文章符合纳入标准。总的来说,这些研究给出了纵向(n = 2)和横向(n = 2)证据,表明搬到家庭周围有更多便利店、咖啡馆和餐馆的城市社区与成年人不健康食品摄入量的增加有关。收入、交通工具、成本、可得性和对当地食物环境的看法等其他因素在形成食物选择和食物摄入方面发挥了作用。结论:发现了四项内部迁移研究。有限的证据基础需要更多的研究。未来的研究应包括儿童,并采用适当的研究设计来解释邻里自我选择和同时发生的生活事件。国际移徙研究应包括评估迁移前后的邻里自然环境。
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引用次数: 0
The Intersectionality of Sex and Race in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review. 性别和种族在创伤后应激障碍与心血管疾病关系中的交叉性:一个范围综述。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605302
Lauren D Hunter, Tara Boer, Leia Y Saltzman

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting a risk for negative health outcomes among individuals with PTSD. This review synthesizes the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD and highlights the intersection of sex and race. Methods: Covidence was used to systematically review the literature published between 1980 and 2020. Results: 176 studies were extracted. 68 (38.64%) of the studies were a predominantly male sample. 31 studies (17.61%) were a predominantly female sample. Most reported participants of both sexes (n = 72; 40.91%) and only 5 (2.84%) did not report respondent sex. No studies reported transgender participants. 110 (62.5%) studies reported racial and ethnic diversity in their study population, 18 (10.22%) described a completely or predominantly white sample, and 48 (27.27%) did not report race or ethnicity of their study population. Conclusion: A compelling number of studies did not identify sex differences in the link between PTSD and CVD or failed to report race and ethnicity. Investigating sex, race, ethnicity, and the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD are promising avenues for future research.

目的:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与心血管疾病(CVD)有关,表明PTSD患者存在负面健康结果的风险。这篇综述综合了PTSD和CVD之间的时间关系,并强调了性别和种族的交集。方法:采用《covid - ence》对1980 - 2020年发表的文献进行系统回顾。结果:共提取176项研究。68项(38.64%)研究以男性样本为主。31项研究(17.61%)以女性为主。大多数报告的两性参与者(n = 72;40.91%),仅有5(2.84%)未报告被调查者性别。没有研究报告跨性别参与者。110项(62.5%)研究报告了其研究人群的种族和民族多样性,18项(10.22%)研究描述了完全或主要的白人样本,48项(27.27%)研究没有报告其研究人群的种族或民族。结论:大量令人信服的研究没有确定PTSD和CVD之间的性别差异,或者没有报告种族和民族。调查性别、种族、民族以及PTSD和CVD之间的时间关系是未来研究的有希望的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Student Wellbeing Through Social Prescribing: A Rapid Realist Review. 通过社会处方提高学生福利:快速现实主义回顾。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605189
Mark Davies, Megan Elliott, Sarah Wallace, Carolyn Wallace

Objectives: A Rapid Realist Review of social prescribing in Higher Education (HE) was undertaken to determine what works, for whom, how, why, and within what circumstances. The review resulted in the development of a Realist Programme Theory articulating the way in which social prescribing can be implemented within the HE environment. Methods: Searches of 12 electronic databases were supplemented by citation chaining and grey literature surfaced by the Project Advisory Group. The RAMESES Quality Standards for Realist Review were followed, and the retrieved articles were systematically screened and iteratively analysed to develop Context-Mechanism-Outcome Configurations (CMOCs) and an overarching Realist Programme Theory. Results: A total of 57 documents were included. The overarching programme theory was developed from the analysis of these documents and comprised of a social prescribing pathway with the following components: (1) An Accessible Gateway, (2) A Skilled Peer, (3) Trusted-Safe-Credible Resources, and (4) A Healthy Setting. Conclusion: A Realist Programme Theory was developed-this model and associated principles will provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of social prescribing pathways within higher education. Whilst the direct project outputs are of particular significance to the UK HE audience, the underpinning principles can support practice within the global arena.

目的:对高等教育(HE)中的社会处方进行快速现实主义审查,以确定什么有效,对谁有效,如何有效,为什么有效,以及在什么情况下有效。审查导致了现实主义计划理论的发展,阐明了社会处方可以在高等教育环境中实施的方式。方法:对12个电子数据库进行检索,辅以引文链和项目咨询组提出的灰色文献。遵循RAMESES现实主义评论质量标准,对检索到的文章进行系统筛选和迭代分析,以建立情境-机制-结果配置(cmoc)和总体现实主义计划理论。结果:共纳入文献57篇。总体方案理论是从对这些文件的分析中发展出来的,由以下组成部分组成的社会处方路径:(1)可访问的门户,(2)熟练的同伴,(3)可信-安全-可信的资源,以及(4)健康的环境。结论:一个现实主义的程序理论被开发出来,这个模型和相关的原则将为高等教育中社会处方途径的实施提供理论基础。虽然直接项目产出对英国高等教育的受众具有特别重要的意义,但其基础原则可以支持全球范围内的实践。
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引用次数: 3
Evidence-Based Policy Recommendations for Public Health Emergency Operation Centers in Regional Settings: A Case Study in Indonesia. 区域公共卫生应急行动中心的循证政策建议:以印度尼西亚为例
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1604899
Muhammad Hardhantyo, Hanevi Djasri, Aldilas Achmad Nursetyo, Bella Donna, Madelina Ariani, Happy Pangaribuan, Gde Yulian Yogadhita, Andriani Yulianti, Bernadeta Rachela Adipradipta

Background: Public health emergencies require integration between multiple stakeholders in different sectors to monitor the situation and carry out an appropriate response. As a country with a large land area consisting of thousands of islands, Indonesia's centralized Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) system is currently unable to effectively contain diseases. A PHEOC system reform is required to accommodate Indonesia's circumstances, particularly at the regional level. We have outlined potential models at the sub-national level for PHEOC based on existing evidence. Policy Options and Recommendations: Based on existing evidence of PHEOC models internationally, we have formulated three policy models for regional-level PHEOC. These models (the ad hoc agency model, the independent agency model, and the Province Health Office (PHO)-based model) entail different chains of command, and each has its own benefits. Conclusion: We recommend that the Ministry of Health in Indonesia adopt the third PHEOC policy model, in which the chain of command lies under the PHO. This is the most practical approach, as the PHO has the authority to mobilize units and access resources in response to imminent public health emergencies. Further training and capacity-building are required to support the PHO as the commander of the regional PHEOC.

背景:突发公共卫生事件需要不同部门的多个利益攸关方之间的整合,以监测局势并采取适当的应对措施。作为一个由数千个岛屿组成的国土面积较大的国家,印度尼西亚的中央公共卫生应急行动中心(PHEOC)系统目前无法有效控制疾病。需要进行国际合作伙伴制度改革,以适应印度尼西亚的情况,特别是在区域一级。根据现有证据,我们概述了地方一级的潜在PHEOC模式。政策选择与建议:根据国际上现有的公共卫生合作模式的证据,我们制定了区域一级公共卫生合作的三种政策模式。这些模式(特设机构模式、独立机构模式和基于省卫生厅(PHO)的模式)涉及不同的指挥链,每种模式都有自己的好处。结论:我们建议印度尼西亚卫生部采用第三种国际公共卫生组织政策模式,其中指挥链在公共卫生组织之下。这是最实际的做法,因为公共卫生组织有权动员单位和获取资源,以应对迫在眉睫的突发公共卫生事件。需要进行进一步的培训和能力建设,以支持和平干事作为区域和平协调团的指挥官。
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引用次数: 0
No-Fault Compensation Schemes for COVID-19 Vaccines: Best Practice Hallmarks. COVID-19疫苗无过错赔偿计划:最佳实践标志。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605973
Duncan Fairgrieve, Marco Rizzi, Claas Kirchhelle, Sam Halabi, Geraint Howells, Normann Witzleb
British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, United Kingdom, Centre de Recherche Droit Dauphine, Université Paris Dauphine, Paris, France, UWA Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, School of Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States, School of Law, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland, Faculty of Law, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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引用次数: 0
Divergence and Convergence of the Public Health Leadership Competency Framework Against Others in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review. 本科医学教育中公共卫生领导能力框架的差异与趋同:一项范围审查。
IF 5.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605806
Pablo Rodríguez-Feria, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Suzanne Babich, Daniela Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fredy Leonardo Carreño Hernández, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez

Objective: The following scoping review is aimed at identifying leadership competency frameworks in Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) by analyzing the thematic scopes, target audiences, and methods involved. A further objective is to compare the frameworks against a standard framework. Methods: The authors extracted the thematic scope and methods of each framework based on the original author's formulations in each selected paper. The target audience was divided into three sections: UME, medical education, and beyond medical education. The frameworks were converged and diverged against the public health leadership competency framework. Results: Thirty-three frameworks covering thematic scopes such as refugees and migrants were identified. The most common methods to develop leadership frameworks were reviews and interviews. The courses targeted multiple disciplines including medicine and nurses. The identified competency frameworks have not converged among important domains of leadership such as systems thinking, political leadership, leading change, and emotional intelligence. Conclusion: There is a variety of frameworks that support leadership in UME. Nevertheless, they are not consistent in vital domains to face worldwide health challenges. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary leadership competency frameworks which address health challenges should be used in UME.

目的:以下范围审查旨在通过分析主题范围,目标受众和所涉及的方法来确定本科医学教育(UME)的领导能力框架。进一步的目标是将框架与标准框架进行比较。方法:作者根据每篇论文中原作者的表述,提取出每个框架的主题范围和方法。目标受众分为三个部分:医学教育、医学教育和医学以外的教育。这些框架与公共卫生领导能力框架既有趋同之处,也有不同之处。结果:确定了涵盖难民和移民等专题范围的33个框架。开发领导力框架最常见的方法是回顾和访谈。这些课程针对包括医学和护士在内的多个学科。已确定的能力框架在领导的重要领域,如系统思维、政治领导、领导变革和情商之间没有融合。结论:支持UME领导力的框架多种多样。然而,它们在应对全球卫生挑战的关键领域并不一致。应对健康挑战的跨学科和跨学科领导能力框架应用于UME。
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引用次数: 0
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