PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

Objectives: We systematically appraised peer reviewed evidence assessing the impact of "place-based approaches" (PBAs) - those requiring multi-sectoral action within localities to address complex health challenges - on mental health outcomes among adolescents.

Methods: We searched six databases from inception to May 2023. We defined PBAs as at least two sectors (e.g., local government, health) working collaboratively within a locality. Studies reporting mental health and substance-use among young people (aged 10-24) were included. Two authors independently assessed study quality using MMAT. Heterogeneity in PBAs, study design and outcomes prevented meta-analysis; results were narratively synthesised.

Results: Thirty-three publications presented data from 22 PBA evaluations; 6 evaluations assessed mental health or wellbeing, 16 appraised substance use. Higher quality evaluations found no impact on mental health outcomes (n = 4), and some evidence for delayed initiation (n = 4) and reduced point-in-time use (n = 10) of alcohol. Evidence for impact on binge-drinking and drug use was mixed.

Conclusion: Based on very few published studies of mixed quality, PBAs have not improved mental health or wellbeing among adolescents. More evidence exists to suggest PBAs can improve certain alcohol use outcomes in young people.

Objectives: The aim of this umbrella review was to investigate the frequency of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) among adolescents. Our secondary objective was to describe the available reviews of injuries in three settings: organized sports, leisure time physical activity (PA), and school physical education (PE).

Methods: We conducted an overview of reviews consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines on the frequency of physical activity related injuries in adolescents.

Results: We identified 19 systematic reviews with at least moderate quality to include in the review. We were not able to pool data from reviews and conduct meta-analysis due to heterogeneity of injury definitions, exposure times, and sample demographics. All reviews included studies of injuries sustained in organized sports, and injury incidence was higher during matches than training. No systematic reviews were found focusing on leisure time or school-based PA injuries.

Conclusion: High-quality research is essential to understand the frequency of various types of physical activity related injuries among adolescents in organized sports, PE, and leisure time activities to develop more effective prevention strategies.

Objectives: This narrative literature review examines the global burden of mortalities due to poor quality care compared to mortalities resulting from lack of access to healthcare, focusing on the period from 2015 to 2024.

Methods: Data was extracted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ebscohost, and WHO. Relevant statistics on mortality rates due to poor quality care and lack of access to healthcare from the identified data sources were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the mortality rates, with trends analyzed over the 10 years.

Results: The results indicate that while progress in healthcare access has reduced mortality, the lack of corresponding improvements in care quality has led to a rising number of preventable deaths. The findings reveal a consistent decline in mortality due to lack of access. In contrast, mortality due to poor quality care has increased from 5 million in 2015 to an estimated 6 million by 2024, underscoring the persistent challenges in healthcare delivery, including medical errors, misdiagnoses, and inadequate treatment.

Conclusion: Addressing the dual challenges of access and quality is essential for reducing global mortality rates and achieving better health outcomes.

Objectives: This scoping review examines the evidence and knowledge gaps regarding the effectiveness of digital early childhood parenting interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).

Methods: Using PRISMA-ScR and PICOS frameworks, we systematically reviewed studies published since 2010 from four databases, focusing on the impact of digital parenting interventions on Early Childhood Development and parent-level outcomes.

Results: Of 1,399 studies identified, 13 met inclusion criteria, evaluating digital interventions for parents of children aged 0-5 years. These interventions included digital-only and hybrid approaches, leveraging technologies for tasks such as sharing health and ECD information, reminders, group chats, or screening. Among ECD studies, three of four with parent-reported outcomes found positive effects, but none of three using direct assessments did. Parent-level outcomes, such as mental health and parenting behaviors, showed consistent positive impacts.

Conclusion: Digital parenting interventions are feasible in LMICs but face challenges in implementation and reaching vulnerable families. Most studies are small-scale with variable designs and outcomes. Rigorous, high-quality studies are needed to establish effectiveness and optimize implementation strategies before these programs are deployed at scale.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence and determine the association between IE and dental procedures, including invasive and non-invasive procedures.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies involving procedures such as tooth extraction, scaling, endodontic treatment, oral surgery, and periodontal treatment involving individuals aged ≥15 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of IE following these procedures.

Results: An association was found between IE and invasive dental procedures (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25-1.76; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of IE following tooth extraction (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.46-5.11; p = 0.002) and oral surgery (OR 6.33, 95% CI 2.43-16.49; p = 0.0002) in high-risk patients.

Conclusion: Our study found a strong association between invasive dental procedures and increased IE risk, particularly for tooth extraction and oral surgery in high-risk individuals.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023488546, Identifier CRD42023488546.

Objectives: In everyday language, climate change is an increase in the Earth's average temperature. Climate change negatively affects life support systems, including air, food, water, shelter, and security, on which humans depend. This paper aims to holistically integrate maternal and child health into climate change.

Methods: A narrative/literature review approach were adopted using papers sources from google scholar, research gate and web of science. About 10 papers was initially gathered and it was later scrutinized to 6.

Results: It was discovered that, climate change negatively impacts food and water security, heat stress, extreme weather, and air pollution, with women and children most affected. The World Health Organization estimates 250,000 climate-related deaths annually by 2050, disproportionately affecting maternal and child health. Integrating climate and maternal health strategies could offer benefits, yet research on adapting to climate change's effects on pregnancy outcomes is limited.

Conclusion: Addressing maternal and child health requires integrating health-focused strategies into environmental policies to reduce vulnerabilities to climate-related risks. A comprehensive approach can enhance resilience by improving healthcare access, education, and sustainable resource management, benefiting public health and environmental outcomes.

Objectives: This paper aims to provide a narrative review of the implications of climate change on health and health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: A comprehensive research was employed to carry out a complete narrative study on the subject. Thus, since September 2022 we searched for literature on the relationships between climate change, health, and health insurance on PubMed over an unbounded period. By updating the research method, the outputs cover the period 2009-2024.

Results: Based on 19 key articles that focused on the implications of climate change for health and health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa, we highlight that climate change directly affects population health through climate-related disease. Indirectly, climate change affects health through its disruption of food availability and agriculture and through demographic shifts.

Conclusion: Finally, this narrative review suggests appropriate strategies to combat the health consequences of climate change and to improve universal health insurance systems.