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Measures to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest in public authorities in the Russian Federation and foreign countries 防止和解决俄罗斯联邦和外国公共当局利益冲突的措施
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-99-105
S. Eremin
The article is aimed at studying of measures to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest in public authorities in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The task of the study is to analyze the list of methods to resolve conflicts of interest in public authorities in Russian and foreign legislation, with an emphasis on the need for its concretization and clarification of the boundaries of the applicable legal technique, and finding an alternative to the list. The article offers an instrumental basis for clarification of gradation of ways of exit from the real conflict of interests. The thesis is argued that indicating measures to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest in public authorities in Russian legislation is advisable to legally delineate and formalize them consistently, defining specific forms, stages and mechanisms for solving the problem, based on foreign practice, recommendations are made to prevent conflicts of interest in public authorities.
该条的目的是研究预防和解决俄罗斯联邦和外国公共当局利益冲突的措施。这项研究的任务是分析解决俄罗斯和外国立法中公共当局利益冲突的方法清单,重点是需要将其具体化和澄清适用法律技术的界限,并寻找替代清单的办法。本文为厘清现实利益冲突退出方式的分级提供了工具性依据。本文认为,应在俄罗斯立法中指明预防和解决公共权力利益冲突的措施,对公共权力利益冲突进行统一的法律界定和形式化,明确解决问题的具体形式、阶段和机制,并在借鉴国外实践的基础上,对预防公共权力利益冲突提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
Import substitution in high-tech industries under external sanctions 在外部制裁下的高科技产业进口替代
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-53-69
N. Abdikeev
In the context of restrictions on the import of technologies and equipment to the Russian Federation caused by external sanctions and the withdrawal of Western European, American and Japanese companies from our country, initially, high-tech branches of domestic industry found themselves in a difficult situation. There were problems related to the substitution of products that fell under the ban on import, and the development of localization of the main production segments. The purpose of the study is to review import substitution plans in the machine tool, aviation, electronic and machine-building industries in order to assess the effectiveness of their implementation; to identify the causes and factors of inhibition of the import substitution policy, as well as ways to improve its effectiveness. The author offers directions of improvement of the State support of high-tech branches of manufacturing industry to solve the problems facing it.
由于外部制裁和西欧、美国和日本公司撤出我国,限制向俄罗斯联邦进口技术和设备,国内工业的高技术部门最初陷入了困境。有一些问题涉及到禁止进口的产品的替代,以及主要生产部门的本地化发展。这项研究的目的是审查机床、航空、电子和机械制造工业的进口替代计划,以评估其实施的有效性;找出进口替代政策抑制的原因和因素,以及提高进口替代政策有效性的途径。提出了加强国家对制造业高新技术部门支持的方向,以解决制造业高新技术部门面临的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Features of context the sustainable development report as a reflection of company policy for ESG-principles 可持续发展报告作为公司esg原则政策反映的背景特征
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-70-81
T. Goroshnikova
Sustainability reports allow checking the company’s proper understanding of the concept of “sustainability” in the context of its activities. The article shows the problems and features of the sustainability reports language as part of the company’s corporate reporting. The purpose of article is to review the linguistic methods of evaluation of sustainability reports to obtain summaries on corporate transparency of companies (absence of “greenwashing”), and its task is to interpretation texts through analysis using these tools. Linguistic methods of evaluation of sustainability reports, reviewed by author, provide an opportunity to test intuitive assumptions about the availability of marketing information or data on innovation positioning, and that there is a difference between the texts of the reports of organizations that disclose information and those that issue those documents for other purposes. Based on the analysis, the need to create rules for the interpretation of results related to linguistic features and extracted from sustainability reports when using natural language processing methods was summarized.
可持续发展报告可以检查公司在其活动背景下对“可持续发展”概念的正确理解。文章分析了可持续发展报告语言作为公司报告的一部分存在的问题和特点。本文的目的是回顾评估可持续发展报告的语言方法,以获得公司公司透明度的摘要(不存在“漂绿”),其任务是通过使用这些工具进行分析来解释文本。作者审查的评价可持续发展报告的语言方法提供了一个机会来检验关于营销信息或创新定位数据的可用性的直觉假设,以及披露信息的组织的报告文本与为其他目的发布这些文件的组织的报告文本之间存在差异。在此基础上,总结了在使用自然语言处理方法时,需要为可持续发展报告中提取的语言特征相关结果创建解释规则。
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引用次数: 0
formation of management model for assessment the economic security of individual interests 形成个人利益经济安全评估的管理模式
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-114-128
P. A. Ilyin
In the conditions of reformatting and transformation of the world economy, as well as the aggravation of the international situation, there is an objective need to form a model for assessing the economic security of an individual, taking into account both economic factors and other aspects of social life.As the object of article, the author considers relationships that influence the economic security of vital interests of the individual. The subject is indicators of its condition and performance on which its survival and sustainability depend, and tasks are to study the raw data for their formation. The aim of the article is to develop a model of economic security of the individual.As a result, the author has formed a model of assessment of economic security of the person, which takes into account assessment of income, expenses, debt, property, family, education, as well as environmental impact, that is, not only its financial and economic situation, but also socio-cultural traits. The relevance of the study, conducted using logical and mathematical methods is due to the possibility of applying its results for the rapid identification of places of social tension and the adoption of the necessary measures, and to obtain information on the presence or absence of threats to a particular person’s economic security in order to make certain management decisions.
在世界经济重新调整和转型以及国际局势恶化的条件下,客观需要形成一种评估个人经济安全的模式,同时考虑到经济因素和社会生活的其他方面。作为本文的研究对象,笔者考虑了影响个人切身利益的经济安全关系。主题是其生存和可持续性所依赖的条件和性能指标,任务是研究其形成的原始数据。本文的目的是建立一个个人经济安全的模型。因此,作者形成了一个评估个人经济安全的模型,该模型考虑了对收入、支出、债务、财产、家庭、教育以及环境影响的评估,即不仅考虑其财政和经济状况,还考虑其社会文化特征。使用逻辑和数学方法进行的这项研究的相关性是由于有可能将其结果应用于迅速查明社会紧张的地方和采取必要的措施,并获得关于对某个人的经济安全是否存在威胁的信息,以便作出某些管理决策。
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引用次数: 0
Development strategy of vertically integrated agro-industrial companies as a pricing tool for food products 垂直整合农产企业作为食品定价工具的发展战略
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-82-98
V. V. Krasnova, A. A. Kramarenko, A. Fomenko
In connection with the current trends in the agro-industrial conjuncture, it is becoming increasingly urgent to solve the problem of ensuring the economic security of the state, the financial and economic recovery of industry-forming enterprises and the welfare of the population. Taking into account the high interest in the transformation of food markets, the object of this study was the internal management strategies of large agro-industrial companies. The subject of the study is the mechanism of food pricing by regulating the value chain in agricultural holdings of the full production cycle (having a vertically integrated organization of the operational and production process). The article provides an analysis of changes in the price index for socially significant food products for the period 2020–2021 and its impact on the cost of a minimum set of food products, which is considered an important indicator of the standard of living of the population and in the current situation accounts for an excessively high proportion of the average income of citizens. To solve the identified problems and ensure a high level of food security, a mechanism for managing the development strategy of vertically integrated agro-industrial companies is proposed as a way to achieve the minimum cost of finished products and rational management of its creation chain. Due to the closed production cycle, agro-industrial companies offset the negative impact of external factors on pricing, and are also more independent of suppliers of raw materials and in matters of the organization of operational activities. The practical significance of the research is to develop and substantiate ways to reduce social tension and provide the population with socially significant, high-quality and affordable food by reducing the cost of producing agro-industrial products while creating and developing a vertically integrated organization of the production process.
结合当前农工结合部的发展趋势,如何保障国家的经济安全,保障产业企业的财务和经济复苏,保障人民的福利,已成为当务之急。考虑到对食品市场转型的高度兴趣,本研究的对象是大型农工公司的内部管理策略。本研究的主题是通过调节整个生产周期(操作和生产过程的垂直整合组织)中的农业控股价值链来确定粮食定价机制。本文分析了2020-2021年期间具有社会意义的食品价格指数的变化及其对最低一套食品成本的影响。最低一套食品被认为是衡量人口生活水平的重要指标,在当前情况下,在公民平均收入中所占的比例过高。为解决所发现的问题,确保高水平的粮食安全,本文提出了垂直一体化农产企业发展战略管理机制,以实现成品成本最低,并合理管理其创造链。由于生产周期封闭,农产工业公司抵消了外部因素对价格的负面影响,并且在原料供应商和业务活动组织方面也更加独立。本研究的现实意义在于,通过降低农工产品的生产成本,同时创造和发展生产过程的垂直整合组织,开发和充实减少社会紧张的方法,为人们提供具有社会意义的、高质量的和负担得起的食物。
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引用次数: 0
Digitalization of the banking system: risks and opportunities for managing financial assets 银行系统数字化:管理金融资产的风险与机遇
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-39-52
R. G. Nafikov
All sectors of economic activity have changed significantly in globalization, and the banking sector is no exception. Commercial banks around the globe are experiencing digitalization in different ways. However, in the near future, most of these organizations will most likely have to face this process. Otherwise, they simply cannot compete, as the needs of the client base are changing along with continuous technological progress. People are interested in being able to receive services and feedback from the bank quickly and remotely. In order to remain competitive, financial institutions create a new corporate culture, developing and implementing innovative models of interaction with clients. The purpose of the research is to determine the principles of economic security in digitalization of the banking sector and ensure the stability of its functioning, considering possible risks. This study can be useful both for employees of commercial banks for building the processes of digitization of the services provided, and for IT specialists responsible for the development and implementation of certain digital products.
经济活动的所有部门都在全球化中发生了重大变化,银行业也不例外。世界各地的商业银行正在以不同的方式经历数字化。然而,在不久的将来,这些组织中的大多数很可能不得不面对这一过程。否则,他们根本无法竞争,因为客户群的需求随着不断的技术进步而变化。人们对能够快速、远程地从银行获得服务和反馈很感兴趣。为了保持竞争力,金融机构创造了一种新的企业文化,开发和实施与客户互动的创新模式。研究的目的是确定银行业数字化的经济安全原则,并在考虑可能存在的风险的情况下确保其功能的稳定性。本研究对商业银行员工构建所提供服务的数字化流程,以及负责某些数字化产品开发和实施的IT专家都有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Ecosystem approach to the management of economic agents’ interaction in the industry 产业中经济主体互动管理的生态系统方法
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-6-23
J. Kovalchuk, I. Stepnov, M. Bikalenko
The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the ecosystem theory application to manage the interaction of digital economy actors in the context of industry’s development, including its high-tech sector. The subject of the study was the assessment of objective and subjective components of the process of forming a united digital space necessary to ensure interaction in the enterprise management in the new digital economy, and the goal was to solve the question of choosing a theoretical basis in favor of ecosystem theory. The results of the article carried out using the methods of description, scientific analysis and synthesis consist in identifying the completion of digital transformation when the ecosystem level is reached, substantiating the necessary conditions for this; systematizing the objective need to update classical approaches, proving the need to adapt life cycle models for ecosystems taking into account the uncertainty of technological development and proposing an original cyclic model that takes into account transformation of enterprises and the formats of their interactions in the digital economy. As conclusions, the basic provisions on the elements of a united digital space (platform, network effects and market expectations) and a dynamic model of its formation based on an ecosystem approach are presented. The authors have formed recommendations for the creation of a management system for the interaction of economic agents, taking into account the rules of communication of ecosystem partners, competition between them and the possibilities of coordination. The relevance of the work done is determined by the proposal of a unified interpretation of the process of forming a united digital space as one of the most important consequences of the digital breakthrough of the economy.
本文致力于从理论和方法上证实生态系统理论在工业发展背景下管理数字经济参与者互动的应用,包括其高科技部门。本研究的主题是评估新数字经济下企业管理中形成统一的数字空间所需的客观和主观组成部分,以确保互动,目标是解决选择有利于生态系统理论的理论基础的问题。本文采用描述、科学分析和综合的方法进行的研究结果是:确定了达到生态系统水平时数字化转型的完成,并证实了实现数字化转型的必要条件;将更新经典方法的客观需要系统化,证明需要适应生态系统的生命周期模型,同时考虑到技术发展的不确定性,并提出一个考虑到企业转型及其在数字经济中相互作用的格式的原始循环模型。作为结论,本文提出了统一数字空间要素(平台、网络效应和市场预期)的基本规定以及基于生态系统方法的统一数字空间形成的动态模型。作者就建立一个经济主体相互作用的管理系统提出了建议,其中考虑到生态系统伙伴之间的交流规则、它们之间的竞争和协调的可能性。所做工作的相关性取决于对形成统一数字空间的过程的统一解释的建议,这是经济数字突破的最重要后果之一。
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引用次数: 0
Management аccounting: What is subject to digital transformation? 管理会计:数字化转型的主题是什么?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.26794/2304-022x-2022-12-3-24-38
O. E. Mikhnenko, V. Salin
The subject of the article are the problems of transformation on the basis of breakthrough digital technologies of activity on information support of management and use of accounting information in managerial decision-making. The authors in the course of the research analyze the current state of management accounting and prove that only a factor information model is able to ensure the implementation of the functions of the actual management of the object, allowing observation based on operational, technical, accounting, statistical and data integration requirements. On the example of the system of productivity indicators (qualitatively defined quantity), it is demonstrated that it is possible to implement such requirements for this factor as the object, accuracy and specificity of the work; and an example of a system of indicators for fixed assets — harmonies the functions performed for the object. The article also substantiates the conclusion that the solution of the problems of digital transformation of speech can be provided by an information system functioning based on the platform using Big Data and cloud technologies — DaaS interacting with active elements of the Internet community. In the course of the study, in generalization of modern concepts of management of economic systems, directions of development of digital technologies and their implementation in the processes of information management, methods of system and comparative analysis were used.
本文的主题是在突破数字技术的基础上进行管理信息支持活动的转型问题和会计信息在管理决策中的应用问题。作者在研究过程中分析了管理会计的现状,证明只有一个因素信息模型才能保证实际管理对象的功能的实现,允许基于操作、技术、会计、统计和数据集成要求的观察。以生产力指标系统(定性定义的数量)为例,证明有可能实现对这一因素的要求,如工作的对象、准确性和特殊性;一个固定资产指标系统的例子-协调为对象执行的功能。文章还证实了一个结论,即语音数字化转型问题的解决方案可以通过一个基于大数据和云技术平台的信息系统来提供——DaaS与互联网社区的活跃元素交互。在研究过程中,概括了现代经济系统管理的概念、数字技术的发展方向及其在信息管理过程中的应用,运用了系统分析和比较分析的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of Human Capital Development: A Factor in Increasing the Mobilisation Potential of Ukraine 改善人力资本开发:提高乌克兰动员潜力的一个因素
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.3311/ppso.20547
M. Yenin, S. Choliy, O. Akimova, Iurii Perga, A. Ishchenko, O. Golovko
Based on historical, legal, and sociological research conducted within a research project funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine titled "Improvement of human capital development: a factor in increasing the mobilisation potential of Ukraine", theoretical and methodological principles for improving the mobilisation potential of Ukraine through human capital formation mechanisms are substantiated in this paper. An overview of the main approaches to the recruitment of armies in the context of historical evolution is conducted, and a list of actual and potential threats to a reduction of Ukraine's mobilisation potential is updated. Factors of motivation and demotivation influencing the participation or otherwise of Ukrainian youth in military mobilisation are defined. Optimal legal models for military mobilisation in a democratic constitutional state are also proposed. A general strategy whereby the policy of formation of patriotism through education and media for the actualisation of the mobilisation potential of Ukraine may be realised is also outlined. The article aims to develop conceptual bases for improving the mobilisation potential of Ukraine based on optimising the mechanisms of human capital formation. It also aims to enhance the mobilisation potential of Ukraine as a system-forming factor in ensuring the state's defence capabilities.
根据乌克兰教育和科学部资助的一个题为“改善人力资本发展:提高乌克兰动员潜力的一个因素”的研究项目中进行的历史、法律和社会学研究,本文证实了通过人力资本形成机制提高乌克兰动员潜力的理论和方法论原则。概述了历史演变背景下招募军队的主要方法,并更新了乌克兰动员潜力降低的实际和潜在威胁清单。定义了影响乌克兰青年参与或以其他方式参与军事动员的动机和非动机因素。还提出了民主宪政国家军事动员的最佳法律模型。还概述了一项总体战略,即通过教育和媒体形成爱国主义的政策,以实现乌克兰的动员潜力。本文旨在在优化人力资本形成机制的基础上,为提高乌克兰的动员潜力奠定概念基础。它还旨在增强乌克兰的动员潜力,作为确保国家国防能力的系统形成因素。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of the Brand Archetypes of the Hungarian Retail Banking Sector and Their Correlations with Consumer Preferences Regarding Banking Products 匈牙利零售银行业的品牌原型及其与消费者对银行产品偏好的相关性研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-03 DOI: 10.3311/ppso.19926
Nóra Julianna Gombos, Szilvia Bíró-Szigeti
The primary goal of this research is to explore the preferences of domestic consumers in relation to the brand archetypes of banks. The chosen topic fits into broader research that examines the elements of brand building in the Hungarian retail banking sector and their impact on consumer preference and behaviour. Besides defining and manufacturing products brand building includes the development of a brand personality. The basic conceptual framework examined in the present research was determined based on the Mark and Pearson brand archetype framework to enable a comparison with the findings in the USA. In the research, we were also seeking an answer to the question as to whether the consumer preference regarding the banking services, payment methods and banking marketing channels examined in research has an impact on the consumer preference regarding brand archetypes, as the exploration of such effects expands the scope for interpretation and usage of the obtained results. Knowledge of preferred brand archetypes supports the management of banks' branding tools, can help banks in their innovation activities and the results can be used to develop new products and services. It is identifiable that the most preferred archetypes by consumers among the 12 possible brand archetypes are the Sage and Caregiver archetypes. There is only a slight correlation between the consumer preference regarding the various banking services, payment methods and forms of information examined in the research and the choice of the brand archetype; however, a strong relationship can be established between the choices of brand archetypes.
本研究的主要目的是探讨国内消费者对银行品牌原型的偏好。所选主题适合更广泛的研究,该研究考察了匈牙利零售银行业的品牌建设要素及其对消费者偏好和行为的影响。除了定义和制造产品外,品牌建设还包括品牌个性的发展。本研究中考察的基本概念框架是基于Mark和Pearson品牌原型框架确定的,以便与美国的研究结果进行比较。在研究中,我们还寻求以下问题的答案:消费者对银行服务的偏好,研究中考察的支付方式和银行营销渠道对消费者对品牌原型的偏好有影响,因为对这种影响的探索扩大了对所获得结果的解释和使用范围。对首选品牌原型的了解有助于银行品牌工具的管理,可以帮助银行开展创新活动,其结果可以用于开发新产品和服务。可以确定的是,在12种可能的品牌原型中,消费者最喜欢的原型是Sage和Caregiver原型。消费者对研究中检查的各种银行服务、支付方式和信息形式的偏好与品牌原型的选择之间只有轻微的相关性;然而,品牌原型的选择之间可以建立强有力的关系。
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引用次数: 1
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Periodica Polytechnica, Social and Management Sciences
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