Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.48
S. Oh, J. H. Park, S. Park, J. Kim, Hyun-Min Seo
{"title":"A Case of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Skin\u0000Infection at a Flap Site","authors":"S. Oh, J. H. Park, S. Park, J. Kim, Hyun-Min Seo","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.28
W. Jin, Gyeong Je Cho, S. Hong, Jong Uk Kim, J. Seol, S. Park, J. Choi, Ki-Hong Kim, Hyojin Kim
Background: Many studies have investigated onychomycosis in various populations. However, no study has been conducted among individuals living in fishing villages, who seem to be more susceptible to onychomycosis. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, clinical and mycological characteristics, and risk factors of onychomycosis in individuals living in fishing villages located on two small islands. Methods: Individuals who had resided in fishing villages located on two small islands in Korea were included. Inspection and a questionnaire survey were performed, and clinical assessment and mycological identification using polymerase chain reaction were performed for those diagnosed with onychomycosis on inspection. Results: Among the 43 subjects enrolled, 32 (74.4%) were clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis. Causative organisms were identified in 23 (53.5%) subjects, and the most common identified causative strain was Trichophyton rubrum (91.3%), followed by Trichophyton species (4.3%) and Candida species (4.3%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type (78.1%), followed by total dystrophic onychomycosis (12.5%). In 10 subjects (31.3%), five or more nails were affected. Among the patients who received treatment for onychomycosis (n = 19), 66.7% had used only conventional topical agents. Conclusion: Onychomycosis is more prevalent and more severe in people living in fishing villages than in the general population. These findings suggest that environmental or occupational background should be considered in managing onychomycosis.
{"title":"An Investigation of Clinical and Mycological Characteristics\u0000of Onychomycosis in Fishing Villages","authors":"W. Jin, Gyeong Je Cho, S. Hong, Jong Uk Kim, J. Seol, S. Park, J. Choi, Ki-Hong Kim, Hyojin Kim","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies have investigated onychomycosis in various populations. However, no study has been conducted among individuals living in fishing villages, who seem to be more susceptible to onychomycosis.\u0000Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, clinical and mycological characteristics, and risk factors of onychomycosis in individuals living in fishing villages located on two small islands.\u0000Methods: Individuals who had resided in fishing villages located on two small islands in Korea were included. Inspection and a questionnaire survey were performed, and clinical assessment and mycological identification using polymerase chain reaction were performed for those diagnosed with onychomycosis on inspection.\u0000Results: Among the 43 subjects enrolled, 32 (74.4%) were clinically diagnosed with onychomycosis. Causative organisms were identified in 23 (53.5%) subjects, and the most common identified causative strain was Trichophyton rubrum (91.3%), followed by Trichophyton species (4.3%) and Candida species (4.3%). Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type (78.1%), followed by total dystrophic\u0000onychomycosis (12.5%). In 10 subjects (31.3%), five or more nails were affected. Among the patients who received treatment for onychomycosis (n = 19), 66.7% had used only conventional topical agents.\u0000Conclusion: Onychomycosis is more prevalent and more severe in people living in fishing villages than in the general population. These findings suggest that environmental or occupational background should be considered in managing onychomycosis.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.23
Hyun-Min Seo, Ji Hun Park, S. Oh, S. Park, J. Kim
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. This resulted in the discovery of a new clinical Aspergillus disease phenotype, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. This review aimed to collect and share clinical experiences from this new disease.
{"title":"COVID-19-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis:\u0000A New Entity","authors":"Hyun-Min Seo, Ji Hun Park, S. Oh, S. Park, J. Kim","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. This resulted in the discovery of a new clinical Aspergillus disease phenotype, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. This review aimed to collect and share clinical experiences from this new disease.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.35
Jin Hee Kim, J. H. Lee, J. Park, H. Ko, J. Choi, Hyojin Kim, Jee-Bum Lee, Jin Park, B. Kim, Yangwon Lee
Background: Onychomycosis is a common nail fungal infection that affects the nail bed, plate, and matrix. It accounts for ~50% of all nail diseases. The treatment of onychomycosis includes systemic and topical approaches, which depend on patient compliance, drug penetration and delivery to the nail bed, antifungal efficacy, and tolerance. Efinaconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent that is active against many pathogenic fungi, and is used for treating onychomycosis. Objective: To confirm the efficacy and safety of 10% efinaconazole solution for treating onychomycosis. Methods: This study was conducted as a 52-week, multicenter, open, single-group, phase 4 clinical trial. A 10% efinaconazole solution was applied on the toenails of each subject before bedtime, once a day for 48 weeks. The subjects visited the test facility every four weeks for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the treatment. Results: At 52 weeks of applying 10% efinaconazole solution, the rates of complete cure, mycological cure, complete or almost complete cure, and clinical effectiveness were 16.7%, 95.8%, 38.54%, and 52.1%, respectively. The clinical effects of efinaconazole were seen in more than half of the subjects. No severe adverse reactions related to efinaconazole were observed. Conclusion: The antifungal effect and safety of topically applied 10% efinaconazole solution in patients with mild to moderate toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes was confirmed based on the efficacy and safety evaluation for a complete cure.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Efinaconazole\u000010% Topical Solution for the Treatment of Toenail\u0000Onychomycosis: A Multicenter, Single-arm,\u0000Open-label Phase 4 Study","authors":"Jin Hee Kim, J. H. Lee, J. Park, H. Ko, J. Choi, Hyojin Kim, Jee-Bum Lee, Jin Park, B. Kim, Yangwon Lee","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Onychomycosis is a common nail fungal infection that affects the nail bed, plate, and matrix. It accounts for ~50% of all nail diseases. The treatment of onychomycosis includes systemic and topical approaches, which depend on patient compliance, drug penetration and delivery to the nail bed, antifungal efficacy, and\u0000tolerance. Efinaconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent that is active against many pathogenic fungi, and is used for treating onychomycosis.\u0000Objective: To confirm the efficacy and safety of 10% efinaconazole solution for treating onychomycosis.\u0000Methods: This study was conducted as a 52-week, multicenter, open, single-group, phase 4 clinical trial. A 10% efinaconazole solution was applied on the toenails of each subject before bedtime, once a day for 48 weeks. The subjects visited the test facility every four weeks for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the treatment.\u0000Results: At 52 weeks of applying 10% efinaconazole solution, the rates of complete cure, mycological cure, complete or almost complete cure, and clinical effectiveness were 16.7%, 95.8%, 38.54%, and 52.1%, respectively. The clinical effects of efinaconazole were seen in more than half of the subjects. No severe adverse reactions related to efinaconazole were observed.\u0000Conclusion: The antifungal effect and safety of topically applied 10% efinaconazole solution in patients with mild to moderate toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes was confirmed based on the efficacy and safety evaluation for a complete cure.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.45
K. Park, Eun Hye Lee, S. Lee, Y. Bang, J. Jun, J. Choi, Dae-Lyong Ha, J. Kim, Y. Jang, Seok-Jong Lee, W. Lee
{"title":"First Report of Chromoblastomycosis caused by\u0000Fonsecaea nubica in South Korea","authors":"K. Park, Eun Hye Lee, S. Lee, Y. Bang, J. Jun, J. Choi, Dae-Lyong Ha, J. Kim, Y. Jang, Seok-Jong Lee, W. Lee","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2021.26.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41716208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.76
Dong Won Lee, Sangbin Jeong, M. Suh, G. Ha, Jong Im Lee, J. Choi
{"title":"Tinea Faciei Caused by Trichophyton verrucosum\u0000Misdiagnosed as Contact Dermatitis","authors":"Dong Won Lee, Sangbin Jeong, M. Suh, G. Ha, Jong Im Lee, J. Choi","doi":"10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42240243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.65
Ji-In Seo, M. Shin
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Compared to other superficial dermatophytoses of the skin and hair, onychomycosis is associated with a chronic course and frequent recurrence. Originally, structural characteristics of the nail, such as poor vascular supply and thick layers of hard keratin, were thought to be limiting factors for efficient drug delivery, resulting in prolonged treatment. However, recent research reveals the following crucial mechanisms contributing to the chronicity of nail dermatophytosis: innate characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum, formation of dormant spores called arthroconidia, physical and immunologic characteristics of the nail apparatus, and alteration of the defense system of the host. T. rubrum, the most common causative fungal pathogen for onychomycosis, acquires selective immune tolerance toward the host's defense system. Transformation into dormant phases, such as arthroconidia, creates greater resistance to antifungal medication and nonnutritive environments. The anatomical and biological structures of the nail allow immune evasion, increase infection susceptibility, and promote biofilm formation. Key regulators of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems are downregulated as infection persists, and age-associated immunomodulation aggravates the process.
{"title":"Onychomycosis as a Chronic Superficial Fungal Infection:\u0000\"Why is it so Hard to Clear?\"","authors":"Ji-In Seo, M. Shin","doi":"10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.65","url":null,"abstract":"Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Compared to other superficial dermatophytoses of the skin and hair, onychomycosis is associated with a chronic course and frequent recurrence. Originally, structural characteristics of the nail, such as poor vascular supply and thick layers of hard keratin, were thought to be limiting\u0000factors for efficient drug delivery, resulting in prolonged treatment. However, recent research reveals the following crucial mechanisms contributing to the chronicity of nail dermatophytosis: innate characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum, formation of dormant spores called arthroconidia, physical and immunologic characteristics of the nail\u0000apparatus, and alteration of the defense system of the host. T. rubrum, the most common causative fungal pathogen for onychomycosis, acquires selective immune tolerance toward the host's defense system. Transformation into dormant phases, such as arthroconidia, creates greater resistance to antifungal medication and nonnutritive\u0000environments. The anatomical and biological structures of the nail allow immune evasion, increase infection susceptibility, and promote biofilm formation. Key regulators of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems are downregulated as infection persists, and age-associated immunomodulation aggravates the process.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44807069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.71
Yu-Mi Lee, S. Cho, K. Park, M. S. Lee, Young Jin Kim
No cases of human infections caused by Cladosporium velox have been reported. A 69-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed pneumonia with empyema. The fungal cultures of pleural fluid were obtained. Cladosporium was grown from the pleural fluid. C. velox was identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The pathologic results of biopsied lung tissue indicated the presence of fungal hyphae. C. velox can cause clinical infection in an immunocompromised setting.
{"title":"Pneumonia with Empyema Caused by Cladosporium velox\u0000in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Yu-Mi Lee, S. Cho, K. Park, M. S. Lee, Young Jin Kim","doi":"10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.71","url":null,"abstract":"No cases of human infections caused by Cladosporium velox have been reported. A 69-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed pneumonia with empyema. The fungal cultures of pleural fluid were obtained. Cladosporium was grown from the pleural fluid. C. velox was identified by internal transcribed spacer sequencing.\u0000The pathologic results of biopsied lung tissue indicated the presence of fungal hyphae. C. velox can cause clinical infection in an immunocompromised setting.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.79
Dong Won Lee, Sangbin Jeong, M. Suh, G. Ha, Jong Im Lee
{"title":"Primary Cutaneous Sporotrichoid Nocardiosis Caused by\u0000Nocardia brasiliensis","authors":"Dong Won Lee, Sangbin Jeong, M. Suh, G. Ha, Jong Im Lee","doi":"10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/JMI.2020.25.4.79","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45684959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.17966/jmi.2020.25.3.47
J. Lee, Hwan Yook
In November 2019, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported. The infection of COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide. Some have unapparent or mild symptoms, but some patients have fatal forms including respiratory or multiple organ failure. In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. The COVID-19 pandemic is a sudden, difficult-to-control, and severe disease that can also appear to patients in dermatology. However, understanding disease and experience with it is still insufficient. Therefore, we would like to review patients with fungal infections in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Fungal Infection","authors":"J. Lee, Hwan Yook","doi":"10.17966/jmi.2020.25.3.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17966/jmi.2020.25.3.47","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2019, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported. The infection of COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide. Some have unapparent or mild symptoms, but some patients have fatal forms including respiratory or multiple organ failure. In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as pandemic disease. The COVID-19 pandemic is a sudden, difficult-to-control, and severe disease that can also appear to patients in dermatology. However, understanding disease and experience with it is still insufficient. Therefore, we would like to review patients with fungal infections in the COVID-19 pandemic era.","PeriodicalId":36021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mycology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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