Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.03
Elżbieta Plewa
Polish Subtitling in 1930 Film subtitle translation, contrary to frequently quoted opinions, did not start with the introduction of sound in films, which occurred in Poland in the 1929/30 cinema season. Prior to that, in the silent cinema period, captions were a tried and tested way of delivering content to the viewer. And these silent movie captions were translated. Copies of various foreign films with Polish subtitles have even been preserved instead of the ones with the original wording. Imitating subtitles for silent films, another form of film translation began to appear in films with sound and dialogue. These were the so-called intertitles. The next way of presenting foreign content was a subtitle, which began modern film subtitling. This article concerns film subtitle translation typical of films in Poland in 1930. It endeavours to show the development of Polish film subtitle translation in its initial phase. The article contains previously unpublished pictures of film subtitles from the discussed period, which come from original archival research.
{"title":"Polskie tłumaczenie napisowe w 1930 roku","authors":"Elżbieta Plewa","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.03","url":null,"abstract":"Polish Subtitling in 1930 \u0000Film subtitle translation, contrary to frequently quoted opinions, did not start with the introduction of sound in films, which occurred in Poland in the 1929/30 cinema season. Prior to that, in the silent cinema period, captions were a tried and tested way of delivering content to the viewer. And these silent movie captions were translated. Copies of various foreign films with Polish subtitles have even been preserved instead of the ones with the original wording. Imitating subtitles for silent films, another form of film translation began to appear in films with sound and dialogue. These were the so-called intertitles. The next way of presenting foreign content was a subtitle, which began modern film subtitling. This article concerns film subtitle translation typical of films in Poland in 1930. It endeavours to show the development of Polish film subtitle translation in its initial phase. The article contains previously unpublished pictures of film subtitles from the discussed period, which come from original archival research.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66102164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.10
T. Tomaszkiewicz
The Evolution of Professional Translators’ Education in the Context of the Challenges of Contemporary Translation Studies and of Market Needs In the last years, we have been observing very important changes in translation markets. The constantly developing new technologies but also the new challenges of the labor market force us to redefine the image and role of contemporary translators, from whom ever new competences are required. The translators’ training programs must respond to this reality, providing them with the opportunity to adapt to the changes taking place. In this article, the author presents the evolution of the approach to competences taught in the framework of programs accepted for the EMT network from 2008 till 2019. In this context, she analyzes the academic dimension of professional training, and – more specifically – focuses on the effects of teaching in the context of a master’s seminar, which is a compulsory element of the study program. She shows that educational tasks properly set within this module are closely related to the challenges faced by research universities as defined by the new law concerning higher education and science adopted in Poland on 10.07.2018.
{"title":"Ewolucja kształcenia tłumaczy zawodowych w kontekście wyzwań współczesnego przekładoznawstwa i wymogów rynku pracy","authors":"T. Tomaszkiewicz","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Evolution of Professional Translators’ Education in the Context of the Challenges of Contemporary Translation Studies and of Market Needs \u0000In the last years, we have been observing very important changes in translation markets. The constantly developing new technologies but also the new challenges of the labor market force us to redefine the image and role of contemporary translators, from whom ever new competences are required. The translators’ training programs must respond to this reality, providing them with the opportunity to adapt to the changes taking place. In this article, the author presents the evolution of the approach to competences taught in the framework of programs accepted for the EMT network from 2008 till 2019. In this context, she analyzes the academic dimension of professional training, and – more specifically – focuses on the effects of teaching in the context of a master’s seminar, which is a compulsory element of the study program. She shows that educational tasks properly set within this module are closely related to the challenges faced by research universities as defined by the new law concerning higher education and science adopted in Poland on 10.07.2018.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66102295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.09
A. Biernacka
(In)significant Grammatical and Stylistic Shifts in Court Interpreting Court interpreters in Poland are obliged to satisfy legal provisions and principles of professional ethics, which govern the way the utterances produced by main participants in the trial should be rendered. Empirical research into interpreting in court setting proves that interpreters intervene in the original utterances e.g. through applying grammatical and stylistic shifts. In this article an empirical qualitative analysis of the activities of court interpreters of English consisting in introducing modifications in style and grammatical person as regards original utterances is presented. The aim of the analysis is to discuss the changes proposed by interpreters, indicate the underlying mechanisms, as well as evaluate them from the perspective of complying with ethical principles of accuracy and impartiality.
{"title":"(Nie)znaczące przesunięcia gramatyczno-stylistyczne w tłumaczeniu sądowym","authors":"A. Biernacka","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.09","url":null,"abstract":"(In)significant Grammatical and Stylistic Shifts in Court Interpreting \u0000Court interpreters in Poland are obliged to satisfy legal provisions and principles of professional ethics, which govern the way the utterances produced by main participants in the trial should be rendered. Empirical research into interpreting in court setting proves that interpreters intervene in the original utterances e.g. through applying grammatical and stylistic shifts. In this article an empirical qualitative analysis of the activities of court interpreters of English consisting in introducing modifications in style and grammatical person as regards original utterances is presented. The aim of the analysis is to discuss the changes proposed by interpreters, indicate the underlying mechanisms, as well as evaluate them from the perspective of complying with ethical principles of accuracy and impartiality.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66102159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.05
R. Lewicki
What can Make Translations Appear Older: Changes in Language or in Translation Norms? The article attempts to address the phenomenon of aging translations, especially literary ones, which has not been sufficiently analysed in translation research. The description is based on the framework of double dependence of a translation: dependence on the original on the one hand, and on the communicative requirements of reception on the other. Based on the classification of texts according to the diachronic aspect (Jäger), one can attribute translation aging to two reasons: to the evolution of the target language together with the changes in the adopted way of constructing literary narration, which is influenced by changes of literary epochs, and to the change in translation norms. These two factors are illustrated with the materials drawn from early translations of Russian literary works into Polish, especially those by Anton Chekhov. As it turns out, even though translation units can be archaic on all levels of language, the process of translation aging is determined to the greatest extent by semantic factors. The analysis of changes in old translation norms shows a high degree of variability in translation techniques used in early translations. The classification of the types of translation norms by Komissarov was applied in the analysis to prove that translation aging is mainly due to changes in the target language norms of formulating translations, especially the pragmatic norm.
{"title":"Starzenie się przekładów: zmiany języka czy norm tłumaczeniowych?","authors":"R. Lewicki","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.05","url":null,"abstract":"What can Make Translations Appear Older: Changes in Language or in Translation Norms? \u0000The article attempts to address the phenomenon of aging translations, especially literary ones, which has not been sufficiently analysed in translation research. The description is based on the framework of double dependence of a translation: dependence on the original on the one hand, and on the communicative requirements of reception on the other. Based on the classification of texts according to the diachronic aspect (Jäger), one can attribute translation aging to two reasons: to the evolution of the target language together with the changes in the adopted way of constructing literary narration, which is influenced by changes of literary epochs, and to the change in translation norms. These two factors are illustrated with the materials drawn from early translations of Russian literary works into Polish, especially those by Anton Chekhov. As it turns out, even though translation units can be archaic on all levels of language, the process of translation aging is determined to the greatest extent by semantic factors. The analysis of changes in old translation norms shows a high degree of variability in translation techniques used in early translations. The classification of the types of translation norms by Komissarov was applied in the analysis to prove that translation aging is mainly due to changes in the target language norms of formulating translations, especially the pragmatic norm.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.04
Regina Solová
Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in the 1950s The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English, French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previously banned authors, who criticized the political system and wrote works in opposition to socialist realism. However, the propaganda goals of the authorities were not abandoned. The orientation of the contents was supposed to show the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in a positive light, discredit the government in exile and emphasize the friendship between Poland and the USSR.
{"title":"O (politycznych) mechanizmach selekcji tekstów literackich dla czytelnika zagranicznego","authors":"Regina Solová","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.04","url":null,"abstract":"Political Mechanisms of the Selection of Literary Texts for Foreign Readers. Example of the Monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane in the 1950s \u0000The monthly Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane [Poland: an illustrated magazine] was created in 1954 as a tool to promote the achievements of the People’s Republic of Poland abroad. It was translated into English, French, Spanish, German and Russian. The article presents an analysis of the mechanisms of the selection of literary texts for the magazine in the context of changes that took place in the country’s socio-political life in the 1950s. The freedom of choice allowed to the publishers remained within the limits defined by the authorities. The selection of texts depended, among others, on their authors’ state awards and on the plain fact that they had been formerly accepted for printing in the domestic market. The „thaw” in Poland led to changes in the way of selecting texts in the monthly. From 1956, the magazine began to present previously banned authors, who criticized the political system and wrote works in opposition to socialist realism. However, the propaganda goals of the authorities were not abandoned. The orientation of the contents was supposed to show the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in a positive light, discredit the government in exile and emphasize the friendship between Poland and the USSR.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-15DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.08
Paweł Siwiec
Versification Challenges in Arabic-to-Polish and Polish-to-Arabic Translations of Poetry As it is widely known, a poem is not just semantics, metaphors, similes and sophisticated vocabulary. It is also a particular prosodic structure through which it is possible at all to determine whether one deals with verse or prose. Besides, the form of a given poem, and especially the way the poem is divided into verses, always remains in some relationship with its semantic content. Therefore, it seems obvious that the formal structure of a poem should not be ignored.The paper analyses to what extent translations of Arabic poetry into Polish as well as Polish poetry into Arabic include the prosodic structure of the original works.
{"title":"Wyzwania wersyfikacyjne w przekładach poezji arabskiej na polski i polskiej na arabski","authors":"Paweł Siwiec","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.44.08","url":null,"abstract":"Versification Challenges in Arabic-to-Polish and Polish-to-Arabic Translations of Poetry \u0000As it is widely known, a poem is not just semantics, metaphors, similes and sophisticated vocabulary. It is also a particular prosodic structure through which it is possible at all to determine whether one deals with verse or prose. Besides, the form of a given poem, and especially the way the poem is divided into verses, always remains in some relationship with its semantic content. Therefore, it seems obvious that the formal structure of a poem should not be ignored.The paper analyses to what extent translations of Arabic poetry into Polish as well as Polish poetry into Arabic include the prosodic structure of the original works.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66102090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.09
Małgorzata Tryuk
{"title":"Recenzja książki Ewy Gumul pt. \"Explicitation in Simultaneous Interpreting. A Study into Explicitating Behaviour of Trainee Interpreters\", Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2017, 331 s.","authors":"Małgorzata Tryuk","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.06
Aleksandra Kalata-Zawłocka
Why Is It Easier for Sign Language Interpreters to Interpret From Their Language A to B?Contrary to a view that is widely held among spoken language interpreters, according to which interpreting should be performed into one’s native language, sign language interpreters prefer to interpret from spoken language to sign language, that is from their A language to their B language. This article explores origins of this phenomenon. It discusses three groups of factors due to which interpreting into sign language is likely to be perceived as easier than into spoken language.
{"title":"Dlaczego tłumaczom języka migowego łatwiej tłumaczy się z języka A na język B?","authors":"Aleksandra Kalata-Zawłocka","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.06","url":null,"abstract":"Why Is It Easier for Sign Language Interpreters to Interpret From Their Language A to B?Contrary to a view that is widely held among spoken language interpreters, according to which interpreting should be performed into one’s native language, sign language interpreters prefer to interpret from spoken language to sign language, that is from their A language to their B language. This article explores origins of this phenomenon. It discusses three groups of factors due to which interpreting into sign language is likely to be perceived as easier than into spoken language.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.02
Weronika Sztorc
Conversations Between the Lines – Interactions Between the Translator and the Author in Footnotes (and Other Paratexts) to Literary WorksThe article concerns footnotes to literary texts translated from English into Polish in which translators waive their invisibility and clearly underline their presence in the text, as if demanding attention and entering into dialogue with the author. The context for these considerations is provided by contemporary trends in literature, the concept of the death of the author, and the postulate of translator’s loyalty. A number of functions of footnotes are distinguished, e.g. correcting the author’s mistakes, adding information or guessing the author’s intentions. Also the form of the footnotes is peculiar: often stylistically or emotionally marked, humorous, sometimes ironic. The analysis of the collected material suggests that translators refuse to be invisible intermediaries or the author’s loyal servants, but become overt co-authors of the text who have power over it.
{"title":"Rozmowy między wierszami – interakcje tłumacza z autorem w przypisach (i innych paratekstach) do tekstów literackich","authors":"Weronika Sztorc","doi":"10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/MOAP.25.2019.43.02","url":null,"abstract":"Conversations Between the Lines – Interactions Between the Translator and the Author in Footnotes (and Other Paratexts) to Literary WorksThe article concerns footnotes to literary texts translated from English into Polish in which translators waive their invisibility and clearly underline their presence in the text, as if demanding attention and entering into dialogue with the author. The context for these considerations is provided by contemporary trends in literature, the concept of the death of the author, and the postulate of translator’s loyalty. A number of functions of footnotes are distinguished, e.g. correcting the author’s mistakes, adding information or guessing the author’s intentions. Also the form of the footnotes is peculiar: often stylistically or emotionally marked, humorous, sometimes ironic. The analysis of the collected material suggests that translators refuse to be invisible intermediaries or the author’s loyal servants, but become overt co-authors of the text who have power over it.","PeriodicalId":36042,"journal":{"name":"Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66101827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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