{"title":"K 0 S -K 0 L Asymmetries in Weak Decays of Charmed Baryons","authors":"Fanrong Xu, Qiaoyi Wen, Huilin Zhong","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2021.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2021.218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a sequel to our previous workcite{Feng2020}, we propose in this paper a quantization scheme for Dirac field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is covariant under both general transformations and Lorentz transformations. We first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the standard approach of constrained systems. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The measurable energy-momentum of observed particle/antiparticles are the same as obtained for Klein-Gordon field. Moreover, the energy-momentum also satisfies geodesic equation, a feature justifying its measurability. As in cite{Feng2020}, though the mathematics is carried out in terms of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle/antiparticle states, such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational calculation is provided with an extended Dirac picture.
{"title":"A Generally Covariant Theory of Quantized Dirac Field in de Sitter Spacetime","authors":"S. feng, M. Mochena","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2021.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2021.205","url":null,"abstract":"As a sequel to our previous workcite{Feng2020}, we propose in this paper a quantization scheme for Dirac field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is covariant under both general transformations and Lorentz transformations. We first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the standard approach of constrained systems. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The measurable energy-momentum of observed particle/antiparticles are the same as obtained for Klein-Gordon field. Moreover, the energy-momentum also satisfies geodesic equation, a feature justifying its measurability. As in cite{Feng2020}, though the mathematics is carried out in terms of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle/antiparticle states, such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational calculation is provided with an extended Dirac picture.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discuss dark energy, dark matter and the hierarchy problem in the context of a general non-commutative formulation of string theory. In this framework dark energy is generated by the dynamical geometry of the dual spacetime while dark matter, on the other hand, comes from the degrees of freedom dual to the visible matter. This formulation of string theory is sensitive both to the IR and UV scales and the Higgs scale is radiatively stable by being a geometric mean of radiatively stable UV and IR scales. We also comment on various phenomenological signatures of this novel approach to dark energy, dark matter and the hierarchy problem. We find that this new view on the hierarchy problem is realized in a toy model based on a non-holomorphic deformation of the stringy cosmic string. Finally, we discuss a proposal for a new non-perturbative formulation of string theory, which sheds light on M theory and F theory, as well as on supersymmetry and holography.
{"title":"String Theory, the Dark Sector, and the Hierarchy Problem","authors":"Per Berglund, Tristan Hubsch, D. Minic","doi":"10.31526/LHEP.2021.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/LHEP.2021.186","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss dark energy, dark matter and the hierarchy problem in the context of a general non-commutative formulation of string theory. In this framework dark energy is generated by the dynamical geometry of the dual spacetime while dark matter, on the other hand, comes from the degrees of freedom dual to the visible matter. This formulation of string theory is sensitive both to the IR and UV scales and the Higgs scale is radiatively stable by being a geometric mean of radiatively stable UV and IR scales. We also comment on various phenomenological signatures of this novel approach to dark energy, dark matter and the hierarchy problem. We find that this new view on the hierarchy problem is realized in a toy model based on a non-holomorphic deformation of the stringy cosmic string. Finally, we discuss a proposal for a new non-perturbative formulation of string theory, which sheds light on M theory and F theory, as well as on supersymmetry and holography.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49310493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivated by the coincidence of scrambling time in de Sitter and maximum lifetime given by the $textit{Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture}$ (TCC), we study the relation between the de Sitter complementarity and the Swampland conditions. We study thermalization in de Sitter space from different perspectives and show that TCC implies de Sitter space cannot live long enough to be considered a thermal background. We also revisit $alpha$-vacua in light of this work and show that TCC imposes multiple initial condition/fine-tuning problems on any conventional inflationary scenario.
{"title":"de Sitter Complementarity, TCC, and the Swampland","authors":"Alek Bedroya","doi":"10.31526/LHEP.2021.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/LHEP.2021.187","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the coincidence of scrambling time in de Sitter and maximum lifetime given by the $textit{Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture}$ (TCC), we study the relation between the de Sitter complementarity and the Swampland conditions. We study thermalization in de Sitter space from different perspectives and show that TCC implies de Sitter space cannot live long enough to be considered a thermal background. We also revisit $alpha$-vacua in light of this work and show that TCC imposes multiple initial condition/fine-tuning problems on any conventional inflationary scenario.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we present a very general but not ultimate solution of CPV problem in the standard model. Our study starts from a naturally Hermitian M 2 ≡ M q · M q † rather than the previously assumed Hermitian M q . The only assumption employed here is that the real part and imaginary part of M 2 can be, respectively, diagonalized by a common U q matrix. Such an assumption leads to a M 2 pattern which depends on only five parameters and can be diagonalized analytically by a U q matrix which depends on only two of the parameters. Two of the derived mass eigenvalues are predicted degenerate if one of the parameters C ( C ′ ) in up- (down-) quark sector is zero. As the U q patterns are obtained, thirty-six V CKM candidates are yielded and only eight of them, classified into two groups, fit empirical data within the order of O ( λ ). One of the groups is further excluded in a numerical test, and the surviving group predicts that the degenerate pair in a quark type are the lightest and the heaviest generations rather than the lighter two generations assumed in previous researches. However, there is still one unsatisfactory prediction in this research, a quadruple equality in which four CKM elements of very di ff erent values are predicted to be equal. It indicates the M 2 pattern studied here is still oversimplified by that employed assumption and the ultimate solution can only be obtained by diagonalizing the unsimplified M 2 matrix containing nine parameters directly. The V CKM presented here is already very close to such an ultimate CPV solution.
{"title":"Exploring the Origin of CP Violation in the Standard Model","authors":"Chilong Lin","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2021.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2021.221","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present a very general but not ultimate solution of CPV problem in the standard model. Our study starts from a naturally Hermitian M 2 ≡ M q · M q † rather than the previously assumed Hermitian M q . The only assumption employed here is that the real part and imaginary part of M 2 can be, respectively, diagonalized by a common U q matrix. Such an assumption leads to a M 2 pattern which depends on only five parameters and can be diagonalized analytically by a U q matrix which depends on only two of the parameters. Two of the derived mass eigenvalues are predicted degenerate if one of the parameters C ( C ′ ) in up- (down-) quark sector is zero. As the U q patterns are obtained, thirty-six V CKM candidates are yielded and only eight of them, classified into two groups, fit empirical data within the order of O ( λ ). One of the groups is further excluded in a numerical test, and the surviving group predicts that the degenerate pair in a quark type are the lightest and the heaviest generations rather than the lighter two generations assumed in previous researches. However, there is still one unsatisfactory prediction in this research, a quadruple equality in which four CKM elements of very di ff erent values are predicted to be equal. It indicates the M 2 pattern studied here is still oversimplified by that employed assumption and the ultimate solution can only be obtained by diagonalizing the unsimplified M 2 matrix containing nine parameters directly. The V CKM presented here is already very close to such an ultimate CPV solution.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Self-Replicating Species Flourish in the Interior of a Star?","authors":"Luis A. Anchordoqui, Eugene M. Chudnovsky","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/j6gux","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/j6gux","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45848243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying New Physics to the Problems of the η' → π^0γγ Decay","authors":"Y. Balytskyi","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2020.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2020.156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69995263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate whether Swampland constraints on the low-energy dynamics of weakly coupled, moduli-stabilised string vacua in AdS can be related to inconsistencies of their putative holographic duals or, more generally, recast in terms of CFT data. We find that various swampland consistency constraints are equivalent to a negativity condition on the sign of certain mixed anomalous dimensions. This condition is similar to well-established CFT positivity bounds arising from causality and unitarity, but not known to hold in general. The studied scenarios include LVS, KKLT, and both perturbative and racetrack stabilisation. Interestingly, the LVS vacuum (with $Delta_{varphi} = 8.038$) also appears to live very close to a critical value ($Delta_{varphi} = 8$) where the anomalous dimensions change sign. We finally point out an intriguing connection to the Swampland Distance Conjecture, both in its original and refined versions.
{"title":"Moduli Stabilisation and the Holographic Swampland","authors":"J. Conlon, Filippo Revello","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2020.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2020.171","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether Swampland constraints on the low-energy dynamics of weakly coupled, moduli-stabilised string vacua in AdS can be related to inconsistencies of their putative holographic duals or, more generally, recast in terms of CFT data. We find that various swampland consistency constraints are equivalent to a negativity condition on the sign of certain mixed anomalous dimensions. This condition is similar to well-established CFT positivity bounds arising from causality and unitarity, but not known to hold in general. The studied scenarios include LVS, KKLT, and both perturbative and racetrack stabilisation. Interestingly, the LVS vacuum (with $Delta_{varphi} = 8.038$) also appears to live very close to a critical value ($Delta_{varphi} = 8$) where the anomalous dimensions change sign. We finally point out an intriguing connection to the Swampland Distance Conjecture, both in its original and refined versions.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47197449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose in this paper a quantization scheme for real Klein-Gordon field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is generally covariant with the help of vierbein, which is necessary usually for spinor field in curved spacetime. We first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the standard approach. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The interpretation is supported by the known cosmological red-shift formula and the on-shell condition of 4-momentum for a free field. Though the mathematics is carried out in term of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle states, such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational is provided with en extended Dirac picture.
{"title":"A Generally Covariant Theory of Quantized Real Klein-Gordon Field in de Sitter Spacetime","authors":"S. feng","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2020.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2020.162","url":null,"abstract":"We propose in this paper a quantization scheme for real Klein-Gordon field in de Sitter spacetime. Our scheme is generally covariant with the help of vierbein, which is necessary usually for spinor field in curved spacetime. We first present a Hamiltonian structure, then quantize the field following the standard approach. For the free field, the time-dependent quantized Hamiltonian is diagonalized by Bogliubov transformation and the eigen-states at each instant are interpreted as the observed particle states at that instant. The interpretation is supported by the known cosmological red-shift formula and the on-shell condition of 4-momentum for a free field. Though the mathematics is carried out in term of conformal coordinates for the sake of convenience, the whole theory can be transformed into any other coordinates based on general covariance. It is concluded that particle states, such as vacuum states in particular are time-dependent and vacuum states at one time evolves into non-vacuum states at later times. Formalism of perturbational is provided with en extended Dirac picture.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantin T. Matchev, Prasanth Shyamsundar, Jordan Smolinsky
We propose a novel quantum technique to search for unmodelled anomalies in multi-dimensional binned collider data. We propose to associate an Ising lattice spin site with each bin, with the Ising Hamiltonian suitably constructed from the observed data and a corresponding theoretical expectation. In order to capture spatially correlated anomalies in the data, we introduce spin-spin interactions between neighboring sites, as well as self-interactions. The ground state energy of the resulting Ising Hamiltonian can be used as a new test statistic, which can be computed either classically or via adiabatic quantum optimization. We demonstrate that our test statistic outperforms some of the most commonly used goodness-of-fit tests. The new approach greatly reduces the look-elsewhere effect by exploiting the typical differences between statistical noise and genuine new physics signals.
{"title":"A Quantum Algorithm for Model-Independent Searches for New Physics","authors":"Konstantin T. Matchev, Prasanth Shyamsundar, Jordan Smolinsky","doi":"10.31526/lhep.2023.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31526/lhep.2023.301","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel quantum technique to search for unmodelled anomalies in multi-dimensional binned collider data. We propose to associate an Ising lattice spin site with each bin, with the Ising Hamiltonian suitably constructed from the observed data and a corresponding theoretical expectation. In order to capture spatially correlated anomalies in the data, we introduce spin-spin interactions between neighboring sites, as well as self-interactions. The ground state energy of the resulting Ising Hamiltonian can be used as a new test statistic, which can be computed either classically or via adiabatic quantum optimization. We demonstrate that our test statistic outperforms some of the most commonly used goodness-of-fit tests. The new approach greatly reduces the look-elsewhere effect by exploiting the typical differences between statistical noise and genuine new physics signals.","PeriodicalId":36085,"journal":{"name":"Letters in High Energy Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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