Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-95-99
Yu. I. Lel, I. Glebov
At present, the design depth of open-cast diamond (kimberlite) mines is increasing through introduction of advanced technologies and new mining and transportation equipment. In 2008-2012 the Yakutniproalmaz Institute and the Institute of Mining developed scientific and methodological principles and design solutions for development of the Udachny and Botuobinsky deep open pit mines using steeply inclined ramps and the CAT-740B articulated dump trucks with the capacity of 39.5 tons. Research was conducted to determine the rational slope for articulated dump trucks in the Udachny open pit and to develop guidelines for safe operation of such dump trucks on steep inclines. The performed experiments demonstrated the ability of articulated dump trucks to safely haul rocks with loads that were close to the nominal capacity using ramps with the slope gradients up to 24% in various weather conditions. In spite of a sufficiently large number of studies on justification of parameters of developing deep open pit levels, many questions still require additional research. This is primarily explained by the limited experience of operating articulated dump trucks in Russian deep open pit mines. In this context, the issue of justifying the optimal slope gradients for all-wheel drive models of motor vehicles remains relevant. The authors of the article have analyzed the existing normative documents and methods to determine the rate of longitudinal slopes. As the result of the study, the physical criterion of the least action is proposed as the optimization criterion for the slope gradients of the in-pit roads when operating all-wheel drive dump trucks.
{"title":"Justification of Optimal Gradient of Steeply Inclined Ramps for All-Wheel Drive Dump Trucks Used in Diamond Deposit Completion","authors":"Yu. I. Lel, I. Glebov","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-95-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-95-99","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the design depth of open-cast diamond (kimberlite) mines is increasing through introduction of advanced technologies and new mining and transportation equipment. In 2008-2012 the Yakutniproalmaz Institute and the Institute of Mining developed scientific and methodological principles and design solutions for development of the Udachny and Botuobinsky deep open pit mines using steeply inclined ramps and the CAT-740B articulated dump trucks with the capacity of 39.5 tons. Research was conducted to determine the rational slope for articulated dump trucks in the Udachny open pit and to develop guidelines for safe operation of such dump trucks on steep inclines. The performed experiments demonstrated the ability of articulated dump trucks to safely haul rocks with loads that were close to the nominal capacity using ramps with the slope gradients up to 24% in various weather conditions. In spite of a sufficiently large number of studies on justification of parameters of developing deep open pit levels, many questions still require additional research. This is primarily explained by the limited experience of operating articulated dump trucks in Russian deep open pit mines. In this context, the issue of justifying the optimal slope gradients for all-wheel drive models of motor vehicles remains relevant. The authors of the article have analyzed the existing normative documents and methods to determine the rate of longitudinal slopes. As the result of the study, the physical criterion of the least action is proposed as the optimization criterion for the slope gradients of the in-pit roads when operating all-wheel drive dump trucks.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42026414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-105-110
T. Dalatkazin, A. S. Vedernikov, D. Grigoriev, A. L. Zamyatin, P. Zuev
When addressing the challenges of ensuring the safety of subsoil facilities and improving the quality of mined minerals there arises the need to structure the rock mass. Certain complexes of geophysical methods are used for this purpose, which composition depends on the specific mining and geological conditions. Geophysical methods are successfully used to identify zones of fracturing, karst formation as well as in landslide-prone areas. The paper reviews examples of applying various geophysical methods to determine the structure and state of rock masses, which are used at the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Brief characteristics of such methods as engineering seismic survey, spectral seismic profiling, georadar sounding, seismic microzoning, electrical tomographic studies, and radonometry are given. Conclusions are made that the use of traditional and modern geophysical methods as part of complex geodynamic investigation, developed based on the latest fundamental knowledge of the processes that take place in the geological environment, allows reliable determination of the structural-geodynamic model of the rock mass to ensure the safety of subsoil facilities.
{"title":"Experience in application of geophysical methods in complex geodynamic diagnostics of rock massif","authors":"T. Dalatkazin, A. S. Vedernikov, D. Grigoriev, A. L. Zamyatin, P. Zuev","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-105-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-105-110","url":null,"abstract":"When addressing the challenges of ensuring the safety of subsoil facilities and improving the quality of mined minerals there arises the need to structure the rock mass. Certain complexes of geophysical methods are used for this purpose, which composition depends on the specific mining and geological conditions. Geophysical methods are successfully used to identify zones of fracturing, karst formation as well as in landslide-prone areas. The paper reviews examples of applying various geophysical methods to determine the structure and state of rock masses, which are used at the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Brief characteristics of such methods as engineering seismic survey, spectral seismic profiling, georadar sounding, seismic microzoning, electrical tomographic studies, and radonometry are given. Conclusions are made that the use of traditional and modern geophysical methods as part of complex geodynamic investigation, developed based on the latest fundamental knowledge of the processes that take place in the geological environment, allows reliable determination of the structural-geodynamic model of the rock mass to ensure the safety of subsoil facilities.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47393227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-86-94
A. V. Galkin, A. V. Smolin, E. M. Nevolina
Analysis of the reasons for the decline in the operational reliability of the labor safety system in mines shows that the main reason for the failure to perform the necessary functions is the existence of an industrial conflict between the objectives of efficiency and safety of production. In order to eliminate the industrial conflict, the authors are proposing the following methodological principles for the operation of a mining facility: 1) industrial risk is one of the key criteria in making management decisions at the enterprise; 2) industrial risk management is an integral part of the industrial activity management; 3) informational basis of the industrial risk management is monitoring of the internal and external environment, labor and production processes, structural and functional basis of the labor safety system that enables identification of regular trends and development and implementation of preventive measures on this basis. Resolving the challenge of predicting and managing industrial risks within the framework of the labor safety system ensures transition from reducing the frequency of injuries to controlling the probability of their occurrence. For this purpose it is necessary to design a labor safety system with the specified parameters that would provide an acceptable level of industrial risks. The efficiency and designing of the system, as well as implementation of the proposed principles, directly depends on the personnel. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the competency building approach to personnel training. Application of the competency building approach helps to eliminate deficiencies related to performance of the functions; to accelerate decision-making and speed-up the response to new hazards when emergencies occur, to enhance the competency of personnel in a targeted way, to involve a large number of the mine personnel in the activities to ensure production safety. Formation and functioning of the labor safety assurance system based on the organizational and technical project will allow to integrate the procedures of industrial risk management into the production management system, thereby forming safe conditions, necessary and sufficient for effective execution of the production task.
{"title":"Industrial Risk Management as a Design Element of the Mine Safety System to Ensure the Reliability of its Operation","authors":"A. V. Galkin, A. V. Smolin, E. M. Nevolina","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-86-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-86-94","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the reasons for the decline in the operational reliability of the labor safety system in mines shows that the main reason for the failure to perform the necessary functions is the existence of an industrial conflict between the objectives of efficiency and safety of production. In order to eliminate the industrial conflict, the authors are proposing the following methodological principles for the operation of a mining facility: 1) industrial risk is one of the key criteria in making management decisions at the enterprise; 2) industrial risk management is an integral part of the industrial activity management; 3) informational basis of the industrial risk management is monitoring of the internal and external environment, labor and production processes, structural and functional basis of the labor safety system that enables identification of regular trends and development and implementation of preventive measures on this basis. Resolving the challenge of predicting and managing industrial risks within the framework of the labor safety system ensures transition from reducing the frequency of injuries to controlling the probability of their occurrence. For this purpose it is necessary to design a labor safety system with the specified parameters that would provide an acceptable level of industrial risks. The efficiency and designing of the system, as well as implementation of the proposed principles, directly depends on the personnel. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the competency building approach to personnel training. Application of the competency building approach helps to eliminate deficiencies related to performance of the functions; to accelerate decision-making and speed-up the response to new hazards when emergencies occur, to enhance the competency of personnel in a targeted way, to involve a large number of the mine personnel in the activities to ensure production safety. Formation and functioning of the labor safety assurance system based on the organizational and technical project will allow to integrate the procedures of industrial risk management into the production management system, thereby forming safe conditions, necessary and sufficient for effective execution of the production task.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45257171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-78-85
A. Glebov
Haulage of the rock mass in open pit mining of deep ore deposits remains one of the main and most time-consuming processes. This requires a scientifically justified approach to designing the transport systems and the mining equipment characteristics appropriate to the specific mining conditions of the deposit. Mining of mineral deposits is characterized with a gradual development of the transport and the open-pit mining systems, being a set of mining workings that vary in time and space Transition of the mining system from an unstable state to a steady operation with a new organizational structure, properly equipped both technologically and technically, that corresponds to the changing external and internal factors, is an adaptation process. Studies of the mutual adaptation processes of the truck-and-conveyor transport system and the mining system which is evolving with the increasing depth of the open pit, with the purpose of managing the mutual consistency of these systems is an important research issue. Its solution will help to develop the theory of transport systems that can improve the efficiency of the truck-and-conveyor application in mining of deep ore deposits. The efficiency of mining deep ore deposits using the in-pit crushing and conveying technology is ensured by the of managing the mutual adaptation of the truck-and-conveyor and the evolving mining systems by making pre-planned technical, technological and organizational decisions in response to changing internal and external operating conditions with due account of the transient processes and their development patterns.
{"title":"A Methodology Concept for Mutual Adaptation of the Truck-and-Conveyor Transport and the Evolving Open Pit Mining Systems","authors":"A. Glebov","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-78-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-78-85","url":null,"abstract":"Haulage of the rock mass in open pit mining of deep ore deposits remains one of the main and most time-consuming processes. This requires a scientifically justified approach to designing the transport systems and the mining equipment characteristics appropriate to the specific mining conditions of the deposit. Mining of mineral deposits is characterized with a gradual development of the transport and the open-pit mining systems, being a set of mining workings that vary in time and space Transition of the mining system from an unstable state to a steady operation with a new organizational structure, properly equipped both technologically and technically, that corresponds to the changing external and internal factors, is an adaptation process. Studies of the mutual adaptation processes of the truck-and-conveyor transport system and the mining system which is evolving with the increasing depth of the open pit, with the purpose of managing the mutual consistency of these systems is an important research issue. Its solution will help to develop the theory of transport systems that can improve the efficiency of the truck-and-conveyor application in mining of deep ore deposits. The efficiency of mining deep ore deposits using the in-pit crushing and conveying technology is ensured by the of managing the mutual adaptation of the truck-and-conveyor and the evolving mining systems by making pre-planned technical, technological and organizational decisions in response to changing internal and external operating conditions with due account of the transient processes and their development patterns.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-53-62
A. Zhuravlev, A. Semenkin, V. Cherepanov, I. Glebov, M. A. Chendyrev
The development of open pits, both in terms of their mining intensity and a significant increase in the current and design depth, requires improvement of transport systems that form the bulk of the production cost. One of the most proven types of combined transport that provides high productivity is the truck-and-conveyor system. Therefore, this paper focuses on its adaptation to the future mining conditions (high dynamics of open pit mining development with creation of deep quarries, the need to reach open pit depths of up to 800–1200 m). The field of application of different types of transport is not static and changes along with the technical development of transport means, their introduction into mass production, and a change in the target group of mining and operating conditions. The article provides a systematization of open-pit transport applicable in modern conditions and shows the experience gained by the Institute of Mining of Ural branch of RAS in the in-pit crushing and conveying technology, mobile (semi-stationary) crushing and reloading plants and self-propelled crushing units. The results of calculations and technical and economic parameters of open-pit truck haulage and conveyor transport in a wide range of mining conditions are described. It is shown that an urgent research and engineering challenge is the development of technologies for the phased introduction of high-performance equipment for in-pit crushing and conveying transport to a great depth with a minimal additional extension of the open pit walls. At the same time, it is possible to use both steeply inclined and traditional belt conveyors, depending on the specific operating conditions. Conveyor transport is preferable for use at the main stage of the life cycle of deep quarries in terms of its efficiency and throughput, but its use is constrained by a number of factors considered in the paper.
{"title":"The purpose of developing advanced in-pit crushing and conveying technology for deep open pits","authors":"A. Zhuravlev, A. Semenkin, V. Cherepanov, I. Glebov, M. A. Chendyrev","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"The development of open pits, both in terms of their mining intensity and a significant increase in the current and design depth, requires improvement of transport systems that form the bulk of the production cost. One of the most proven types of combined transport that provides high productivity is the truck-and-conveyor system. Therefore, this paper focuses on its adaptation to the future mining conditions (high dynamics of open pit mining development with creation of deep quarries, the need to reach open pit depths of up to 800–1200 m). The field of application of different types of transport is not static and changes along with the technical development of transport means, their introduction into mass production, and a change in the target group of mining and operating conditions. The article provides a systematization of open-pit transport applicable in modern conditions and shows the experience gained by the Institute of Mining of Ural branch of RAS in the in-pit crushing and conveying technology, mobile (semi-stationary) crushing and reloading plants and self-propelled crushing units. The results of calculations and technical and economic parameters of open-pit truck haulage and conveyor transport in a wide range of mining conditions are described. It is shown that an urgent research and engineering challenge is the development of technologies for the phased introduction of high-performance equipment for in-pit crushing and conveying transport to a great depth with a minimal additional extension of the open pit walls. At the same time, it is possible to use both steeply inclined and traditional belt conveyors, depending on the specific operating conditions. Conveyor transport is preferable for use at the main stage of the life cycle of deep quarries in terms of its efficiency and throughput, but its use is constrained by a number of factors considered in the paper.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-111-118
S. Usanov, Y. Konovalova, E. Efremov, О.D. Kharisova, А.V. Usanova
Unexpected abnormal deformation processes in rock masses lead to disruptions in the operation of mining facilities and endanger human life and health. The studies show that physiographic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, features of structural and tectonic structure of the rock mass can influence the unexpected character of the deformation phenomena. One of the important parameters that determines the development of catastrophic deformation processes is the geodynamic activity of the rock mass, which forms its stress state. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to identification of potentially hazardous areas in the rock mass. To do this, experimental studies were carried out in a mine where unexpected abnormal deformations took place, and the role of influencing factors was analyzed. Experiments were performed using geological, geophysical and geodetic methods. As the result of the study, it was established that unexpected emergency deformation processes develop in areas where the maximum number of complicating factors is concentrated. A rating evaluation of the area of surface development has been developed based on a combination of factors affecting the stability of the rock mass. The developed approaches make it possible to diagnose the rock mass and identify areas where geomechanical processes develop according to special parameters. Area zoning can be the basis for the development of automated monitoring system of rock mass deformations to prevent unexpected emergency events.
{"title":"Unexpected deformation processes in the rock mass in surface mining: Emergence factors and prevention capabilities","authors":"S. Usanov, Y. Konovalova, E. Efremov, О.D. Kharisova, А.V. Usanova","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-111-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-111-118","url":null,"abstract":"Unexpected abnormal deformation processes in rock masses lead to disruptions in the operation of mining facilities and endanger human life and health. The studies show that physiographic conditions, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, features of structural and tectonic structure of the rock mass can influence the unexpected character of the deformation phenomena. One of the important parameters that determines the development of catastrophic deformation processes is the geodynamic activity of the rock mass, which forms its stress state. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to identification of potentially hazardous areas in the rock mass. To do this, experimental studies were carried out in a mine where unexpected abnormal deformations took place, and the role of influencing factors was analyzed. Experiments were performed using geological, geophysical and geodetic methods. As the result of the study, it was established that unexpected emergency deformation processes develop in areas where the maximum number of complicating factors is concentrated. A rating evaluation of the area of surface development has been developed based on a combination of factors affecting the stability of the rock mass. The developed approaches make it possible to diagnose the rock mass and identify areas where geomechanical processes develop according to special parameters. Area zoning can be the basis for the development of automated monitoring system of rock mass deformations to prevent unexpected emergency events.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42769042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-119-126
A. Zubkov, R. Krinitsyn, S. Sentyabov, K. Selin
The activities of the Laboratory of Geodynamics and Formation Pressure of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are aimed at organizing and conducting fundamental research, training of highly qualified personnel, as well as solving applied tasks that contribute to successful development of the mining industry in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The laboratory conducts research in the following areas: 1) methodology of studies and control of the stress-and-strain state parameters of the rock mass, as well as forecasting their changes over time and in the course of mining operations; 2) theoretical justification of ensuring the stability of mine workings and structural elements of mining methods. The mission of the laboratory is to conduct fundamental research based on the principles of consistent, comprehensive, interdisciplinary and innovative approach in the field of geomechanical support of subsoil development in order to improve industrial and environmental safety, energy efficiency and resource conservation in the mining industry of the Ural region and Russia as a whole. Fundamental researches at the laboratory of Geodynamics and Formation Pressure are focused on studying regularities in formation of initial and secondary stress fields, development of methods to control the stress condition of rock mass and prevention of geodynamic phenomena to enhance the efficiency of subsoil development.
{"title":"Laboratory of Geodynamics and Formation Pressure at the Institute of Mining, Ural Branch of RAS: Rock Mass Studies","authors":"A. Zubkov, R. Krinitsyn, S. Sentyabov, K. Selin","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-119-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-119-126","url":null,"abstract":"The activities of the Laboratory of Geodynamics and Formation Pressure of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are aimed at organizing and conducting fundamental research, training of highly qualified personnel, as well as solving applied tasks that contribute to successful development of the mining industry in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The laboratory conducts research in the following areas: 1) methodology of studies and control of the stress-and-strain state parameters of the rock mass, as well as forecasting their changes over time and in the course of mining operations; 2) theoretical justification of ensuring the stability of mine workings and structural elements of mining methods. The mission of the laboratory is to conduct fundamental research based on the principles of consistent, comprehensive, interdisciplinary and innovative approach in the field of geomechanical support of subsoil development in order to improve industrial and environmental safety, energy efficiency and resource conservation in the mining industry of the Ural region and Russia as a whole. Fundamental researches at the laboratory of Geodynamics and Formation Pressure are focused on studying regularities in formation of initial and secondary stress fields, development of methods to control the stress condition of rock mass and prevention of geodynamic phenomena to enhance the efficiency of subsoil development.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47120285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77
N. Antoninova, L. Rybnikova, Yu. O. Slavikovskaya, L. Shubina
Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.
{"title":"Environmental and Economic Aspects of Selecting Reclamation Directions for Industrial Mining and Metallurgical Waste Disposal Sites","authors":"N. Antoninova, L. Rybnikova, Yu. O. Slavikovskaya, L. Shubina","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-26-33
A. Glebov, I. Zyryanov
The paper presents an analysis of the research work carried out by the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the past decades by request of AK ALROSA. Their scientific novelty and practical significance are noted. Many works are based on the results of fundamental and applied research, which made it possible to implement them reasonably and with great efficiency at the existing operations. It is acknowledged that the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the priority scientific partners of the Yakutniproalmaz Institute. Over the many years of cooperation, a team of researchers from the Mining Institute of UB of RAS has studied the mining, geological and climatic conditions of mining operations in the permafrost zone. Innovative techniques and technologies for mining kimberlite ores in confined conditions of deep open pits as well as methods to assess and select the type of transport and dump truck models have been developed for the open pits and underground mines of AK ALROSA. Recommendations are provided on the safe operation of open-pit transport, including the one with robotic control. Studies have been carried out which were used as the basis to develop technological regulations for projects of reaching and developing reserves of the Udachnaya Tube. A calculation method was proposed and standards were developed for drilling and blasting operations in open pits of diamond mining enterprises of the Russian Federation located in the permafrost zone. The correlation of rock categories aaccording to blastability grade and the specific consumption of explosives, which we recommended, allows to establish rational limits for changing the parameters of drilling and blasting operations within the permafrost zone. Based on field studies, numerical values of the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass were defined during the construction of underground workings. The geomechanical conditions of underground mining of the Udachnaya Tube diamond deposit were justified for the conditions of transition from the open-pit mining operations to the underground ones, considering the stress-and-strain state and geodynamic activity of various sections of the rock massif. Several sections have been developed for the national standard of the Russian Federation “Mining of diamond ore deposits with open-cast method in the permafrost zone”.
{"title":"Contribution of the Institute of Mining of the Ural branch of RAS to development of modern technologies for the diamond industry","authors":"A. Glebov, I. Zyryanov","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-26-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-26-33","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the research work carried out by the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the past decades by request of AK ALROSA. Their scientific novelty and practical significance are noted. Many works are based on the results of fundamental and applied research, which made it possible to implement them reasonably and with great efficiency at the existing operations. It is acknowledged that the Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is one of the priority scientific partners of the Yakutniproalmaz Institute. Over the many years of cooperation, a team of researchers from the Mining Institute of UB of RAS has studied the mining, geological and climatic conditions of mining operations in the permafrost zone. Innovative techniques and technologies for mining kimberlite ores in confined conditions of deep open pits as well as methods to assess and select the type of transport and dump truck models have been developed for the open pits and underground mines of AK ALROSA. Recommendations are provided on the safe operation of open-pit transport, including the one with robotic control. Studies have been carried out which were used as the basis to develop technological regulations for projects of reaching and developing reserves of the Udachnaya Tube. A calculation method was proposed and standards were developed for drilling and blasting operations in open pits of diamond mining enterprises of the Russian Federation located in the permafrost zone. The correlation of rock categories aaccording to blastability grade and the specific consumption of explosives, which we recommended, allows to establish rational limits for changing the parameters of drilling and blasting operations within the permafrost zone. Based on field studies, numerical values of the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass were defined during the construction of underground workings. The geomechanical conditions of underground mining of the Udachnaya Tube diamond deposit were justified for the conditions of transition from the open-pit mining operations to the underground ones, considering the stress-and-strain state and geodynamic activity of various sections of the rock massif. Several sections have been developed for the national standard of the Russian Federation “Mining of diamond ore deposits with open-cast method in the permafrost zone”.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-100-104
A. Sashourin, V. Melnik
The article presents a historical overview of the development of Geomechanics as a science in the re-search school of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A par-ticular attention is given to research into the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass and its changes in the course of operating the mining facilities, which plays a crucial role in securing the stability of struc-tures, mining safety, and prevention of major accidents. To ensure the safety of mining, a complex of research methods is used, including theoretical studies, physical and computer modeling, geophysical sensing of rock masses, ground-surface and satellite geodetic studies of the deformation processes. Geomechanical studies carried out at the Institute of Mining helped to gain new insights into the struc-ture of rock masses, variability of the stress-and-strain state, its mosaic structure as determined by the self-organization process within hierarchical block mass, to reveal the sources of emergencies and cat-astrophic events in mining. Current geomechanical research at the Institute is dedicated to the development of a scientific approach and execution of territory zoning using the criterion of technogenic and natural disasters in mining, studying regularities in the self-organization processes within the rock mass, development of technology to select favorable locations for hazardous and critical mining facili-ties. A special role is played by the prediction of possible changes in the stressandstrain state over time. The Geomechanics Department of the Institute of Mining uses field studies of the rock mass structure, geodetic studies of its mobility, remote sensing using satellite interferometry, and computer simulation of the properties and processes that take place within the rock mass.
{"title":"Relationship between Geomechanics and Subsoil Use from the Perspective of the Legislative Definition of the Term 'Subsoil'","authors":"A. Sashourin, V. Melnik","doi":"10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-100-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-100-104","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a historical overview of the development of Geomechanics as a science in the re-search school of the Institute of Mining of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A par-ticular attention is given to research into the stress-and-strain state of the rock mass and its changes in the course of operating the mining facilities, which plays a crucial role in securing the stability of struc-tures, mining safety, and prevention of major accidents. To ensure the safety of mining, a complex of research methods is used, including theoretical studies, physical and computer modeling, geophysical sensing of rock masses, ground-surface and satellite geodetic studies of the deformation processes. Geomechanical studies carried out at the Institute of Mining helped to gain new insights into the struc-ture of rock masses, variability of the stress-and-strain state, its mosaic structure as determined by the self-organization process within hierarchical block mass, to reveal the sources of emergencies and cat-astrophic events in mining. Current geomechanical research at the Institute is dedicated to the development of a scientific approach and execution of territory zoning using the criterion of technogenic and natural disasters in mining, studying regularities in the self-organization processes within the rock mass, development of technology to select favorable locations for hazardous and critical mining facili-ties. A special role is played by the prediction of possible changes in the stressandstrain state over time. The Geomechanics Department of the Institute of Mining uses field studies of the rock mass structure, geodetic studies of its mobility, remote sensing using satellite interferometry, and computer simulation of the properties and processes that take place within the rock mass.","PeriodicalId":36119,"journal":{"name":"Gornaya Promyshlennost","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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