Pub Date : 2026-02-05eCollection Date: 2026-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101303
Haochi Wu, Mingyang Sun, Michael T Craig
Meeting global decarbonization targets requires large-scale, low-carbon hydrogen (H2) production around mid-century. A crucial pathway for this production is electrolysis driven by renewables, tying hydrogen production and costs to spatially varying renewable resources. The potential, variability, and complementarity of renewable resources, though, will be affected by climate change. We quantify the impact of climate change on renewable-energy generation for H2 production globally. We use an investment and operations optimization model for hydrogen systems to estimate geographically explicit and regionally aggregated levelized cost of hydrogens (LCOHs) under historical and future climates. We find climate change could raise the cost of green-hydrogen production by up to 20% in some global locations, and about 16% of global locations could see LCOH increases or decreases exceeding 5%. Southeast Asia and Europe in particular see LCOH reductions due to climate change, while North America sees LCOH increase. Most locations, though, see modest impacts of climate change on hydrogen costs. We also find modest cost consequences from climate change for locations with active hydrogen development. Our results highlight the need for proactive investment strategies to accommodate the climatic variations affecting renewable hydrogen production, especially in countries with stricter H2 power-grid import limits and with firm H2 demand for industrial processes.
{"title":"Updating global green-hydrogen production costs and configurations under future climates.","authors":"Haochi Wu, Mingyang Sun, Michael T Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meeting global decarbonization targets requires large-scale, low-carbon hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production around mid-century. A crucial pathway for this production is electrolysis driven by renewables, tying hydrogen production and costs to spatially varying renewable resources. The potential, variability, and complementarity of renewable resources, though, will be affected by climate change. We quantify the impact of climate change on renewable-energy generation for H<sub>2</sub> production globally. We use an investment and operations optimization model for hydrogen systems to estimate geographically explicit and regionally aggregated levelized cost of hydrogens (LCOHs) under historical and future climates. We find climate change could raise the cost of green-hydrogen production by up to 20% in some global locations, and about 16% of global locations could see LCOH increases or decreases exceeding 5%. Southeast Asia and Europe in particular see LCOH reductions due to climate change, while North America sees LCOH increase. Most locations, though, see modest impacts of climate change on hydrogen costs. We also find modest cost consequences from climate change for locations with active hydrogen development. Our results highlight the need for proactive investment strategies to accommodate the climatic variations affecting renewable hydrogen production, especially in countries with stricter H<sub>2</sub> power-grid import limits and with firm H<sub>2</sub> demand for industrial processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 3","pages":"101303"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08eCollection Date: 2026-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101251
Bing Luo, Wei Li
Birds and fish have morphing propulsors and mechanical intelligence, which are the primary biomimetic inspirations. Myliobatid pectoral fins, which are morphologically similar to bird wings, are of particular interest. Artificial wings are expected to achieve multifold high-degree morphing, a substantial challenge and long-standing desire that current design philosophies have yet to effectively solve. Derived mathematically and inspired by the alignments of the skeletal joints of myliobatid fins, we propose a morphing philosophy for artificial wings: cross-section invariance. This philosophy facilitates simultaneous out-of-plane and planform morphing, simplifies proprioception, sensing, and control (the important aspects of mechanical intelligence), and features the intrinsic mechanisms analogous to the biological ones across morphing types and species. We mathematically characterize, verify, and validate the morphing philosophy and its intrinsic mechanisms. We present the mechanical implementations of the intrinsic mechanisms; each implementation mechanism is exquisitely designed to fulfill multifold roles to collaboratively enable multifold high-degree morphing. We demonstrate prototypes with a larger range of morphing performance that is currently unavailable in artificial wings and the biological counterparts. Our results suggest the potential of the philosophy for multimodal propulsion of biomimetic vehicles.
{"title":"Mechanical intelligence for artificial wings: A philosophy for multifold high-degree morphing with its mechanisms analogous to biology.","authors":"Bing Luo, Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Birds and fish have morphing propulsors and mechanical intelligence, which are the primary biomimetic inspirations. Myliobatid pectoral fins, which are morphologically similar to bird wings, are of particular interest. Artificial wings are expected to achieve multifold high-degree morphing, a substantial challenge and long-standing desire that current design philosophies have yet to effectively solve. Derived mathematically and inspired by the alignments of the skeletal joints of myliobatid fins, we propose a morphing philosophy for artificial wings: cross-section invariance. This philosophy facilitates simultaneous out-of-plane and planform morphing, simplifies proprioception, sensing, and control (the important aspects of mechanical intelligence), and features the intrinsic mechanisms analogous to the biological ones across morphing types and species. We mathematically characterize, verify, and validate the morphing philosophy and its intrinsic mechanisms. We present the mechanical implementations of the intrinsic mechanisms; each implementation mechanism is exquisitely designed to fulfill multifold roles to collaboratively enable multifold high-degree morphing. We demonstrate prototypes with a larger range of morphing performance that is currently unavailable in artificial wings and the biological counterparts. Our results suggest the potential of the philosophy for multimodal propulsion of biomimetic vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 3","pages":"101251"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08eCollection Date: 2026-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101263
Feng Gao, Sen Qian, Andrei Sidorenkov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev
{"title":"Applications of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes in neutrino and cosmic ray experiments.","authors":"Feng Gao, Sen Qian, Andrei Sidorenkov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2026.101263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"7 3","pages":"101263"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号