Elucidating the temporal process of immune remodeling under immunosuppressive treatment after liver transplantation (LT) is critical for precise clinical management strategies. Here, we performed a single-cell multi-omics analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from LT patients (with and without acute cellular rejection (ACR)) at 13 time points. Validation was performed in two independent cohorts with additional LT patients and healthy controls. Our study revealed a four-phase recovery process after LT and delineated changes in immune cell composition, expression programs, and interactions along this process. The intensity of the immune response differs between the ACR and non-ACR patients. Notably, the newly identified inflamed NK cells, CD14RNASE2 monocytes, and FOS-expressing monocytes emerged as predictive indicators of ACR. This study illuminates the longitudinal evolution of the immune cell landscape under tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive treatment during LT recovery, providing a four-phase framework that aids the clinical management of LT patients.
{"title":"Dynamic immune recovery process after liver transplantation revealed by single-cell multi-omics analysis","authors":"Rui Wang, Xiao Peng, Yixin Yuan, Baojie Shi, Yuan Liu, Hengxiao Ni, Wenzhi Guo, Qiwei Yang, Pingguo Liu, Jie Wang, Zhaojie Su, Shengnan Yu, Dehua Liu, Jinyan Zhang, Junjie Xia, Xueni Liu, Hao Li, Zhengfeng Yang, Zhihai Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100599","url":null,"abstract":"Elucidating the temporal process of immune remodeling under immunosuppressive treatment after liver transplantation (LT) is critical for precise clinical management strategies. Here, we performed a single-cell multi-omics analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from LT patients (with and without acute cellular rejection (ACR)) at 13 time points. Validation was performed in two independent cohorts with additional LT patients and healthy controls. Our study revealed a four-phase recovery process after LT and delineated changes in immune cell composition, expression programs, and interactions along this process. The intensity of the immune response differs between the ACR and non-ACR patients. Notably, the newly identified inflamed NK cells, CD14RNASE2 monocytes, and FOS-expressing monocytes emerged as predictive indicators of ACR. This study illuminates the longitudinal evolution of the immune cell landscape under tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive treatment during LT recovery, providing a four-phase framework that aids the clinical management of LT patients.","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100601
Yan-Da Li, Erik Tihelka, Michael S. Engel, Diying Huang, Chenyang Cai
{"title":"Specialized springtail predation by Loricera beetles: An example of evolutionary stasis across the K-Pg extinction","authors":"Yan-Da Li, Erik Tihelka, Michael S. Engel, Diying Huang, Chenyang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internal photoemission is a prominent branch of the photoelectric effect and has emerged as a viable method for detecting photons with energies below the semiconductor bandgap. This breakthrough has played a significant role in accelerating the development of infrared imaging in one chip with state-of-the-art silicon techniques. However, the performance of these Schottky infrared detectors is currently hindered by the limit of internal photoemission; specifically, a low Schottky barrier height is inevitable for the detection of low-energy infrared photons. Herein, a distinct paradigm of Schottky infrared detectors is proposed to overcome the internal photoemission limit by introducing an optically tunable barrier. This device uses an infrared absorbing material-sensitized Schottky diode, assisted by the highly adjustable Fermi level of graphene, which subtly decouples the photon energy from the Schottky barrier height. Correspondingly, a broadband photoresponse spanning from ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared is achieved, with a high detectivity of 9.83×10 cm·Hz·W at 2700 nm and an excellent detectivity of 7.2×10 cm·Hz·W at room temperature under blackbody radiation. These results address a key challenge in internal photoemission, and hold great promise for the development of the Schottky infrared detector with high sensitivity and room-temperature operation.
{"title":"Schottky Infrared Detectors with Optically Tunable Barriers Beyond the Internal Photoemission Limit","authors":"Jintao Fu, Zhongmin Guo, Changbin Nie, Feiying Sun, Genglin Li, Shuanglong Feng, Xingzhan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"Internal photoemission is a prominent branch of the photoelectric effect and has emerged as a viable method for detecting photons with energies below the semiconductor bandgap. This breakthrough has played a significant role in accelerating the development of infrared imaging in one chip with state-of-the-art silicon techniques. However, the performance of these Schottky infrared detectors is currently hindered by the limit of internal photoemission; specifically, a low Schottky barrier height is inevitable for the detection of low-energy infrared photons. Herein, a distinct paradigm of Schottky infrared detectors is proposed to overcome the internal photoemission limit by introducing an optically tunable barrier. This device uses an infrared absorbing material-sensitized Schottky diode, assisted by the highly adjustable Fermi level of graphene, which subtly decouples the photon energy from the Schottky barrier height. Correspondingly, a broadband photoresponse spanning from ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared is achieved, with a high detectivity of 9.83×10 cm·Hz·W at 2700 nm and an excellent detectivity of 7.2×10 cm·Hz·W at room temperature under blackbody radiation. These results address a key challenge in internal photoemission, and hold great promise for the development of the Schottky infrared detector with high sensitivity and room-temperature operation.","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140045698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100597
Hongcheng Wei, Qiurun Yu, Danrong Chen, Mingzhi Zhang, Quanquan Guan, Bo Hang, Antoine M. Snijders, Adrian Covaci, Yankai Xia
Obtaining clean energy is of prime importance for planetary health and sustainable development. We aimed to assess the association between residential energy transition and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. Using data from the Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we delineated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the population using clean fuels for cooking at a global scale. In the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we performed rigorous and well-structured multistage analyses incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective data analyses to examine the associations between solid fuel use, residential energy transition, duration of solid fuel use, and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. Despite great progress, huge disparities in access to clean energy persist globally. Residential energy transition was associated with a lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases. In the period of 2011–2013, compared with persistent solid fuel users, both participants who switched from solid to clean fuels (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.98) and persistent clean fuel users (adjusted RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.89) had significantly lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases (p < 0.001 for trend). Consistent associations were observed in the period of 2011–2015 and 2011–2018. Household energy transition from solid to clean fuels could reduce the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. This is a valuable lesson for policy-makers and the general public to accelerate energy switching to alleviate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and achieve health benefits, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Residential energy transition and chronic respiratory diseases","authors":"Hongcheng Wei, Qiurun Yu, Danrong Chen, Mingzhi Zhang, Quanquan Guan, Bo Hang, Antoine M. Snijders, Adrian Covaci, Yankai Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100597","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining clean energy is of prime importance for planetary health and sustainable development. We aimed to assess the association between residential energy transition and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. Using data from the Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, we delineated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the population using clean fuels for cooking at a global scale. In the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we performed rigorous and well-structured multistage analyses incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective data analyses to examine the associations between solid fuel use, residential energy transition, duration of solid fuel use, and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. Despite great progress, huge disparities in access to clean energy persist globally. Residential energy transition was associated with a lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases. In the period of 2011–2013, compared with persistent solid fuel users, both participants who switched from solid to clean fuels (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.98) and persistent clean fuel users (adjusted RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.89) had significantly lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases (p < 0.001 for trend). Consistent associations were observed in the period of 2011–2015 and 2011–2018. Household energy transition from solid to clean fuels could reduce the risk of chronic respiratory diseases. This is a valuable lesson for policy-makers and the general public to accelerate energy switching to alleviate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and achieve health benefits, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100596
Shihao Deng, Yue Li, Shengzhao Li, Shen Yuan, Hao Zhu, Ju Bai, Jingyi Xu, Lu Peng, Tie Li, Ting Zhang
The inadequacy of tactile perception systems in humanoid robotic manipulators limits the breadth of available robotic applications. Here, we designed a multifunctional flexible tactile sensor for robotic fingers that provides capabilities similar to those of human skin sensing modalities. This sensor utilizes a novel PI-MXene/SrTiO hybrid aerogel developed as a sensing unit with the additional abilities of electromagnetic transmission and thermal insulation to adapt to certain complex environments. Moreover, polyimide (PI) provides a high-strength skeleton, MXene realizes a pressure-sensing function, and MXene/SrTiO achieves both thermoelectric and infrared radiation response behaviors. Furthermore, via the pressure response mechanism and unsteady-state heat transfer, these aerogel-derived flexible sensors realize multimodal sensing and recognition capabilities with minimal cross-coupling. They can differentiate among 13 types of hardness and four types of material from objects with accuracies of 94% and 85%, respectively, using a decision tree algorithm. In addition, based on the infrared radiation-sensing function, a sensory array was assembled, and different shapes of objects were successfully recognized. These findings demonstrate that this PI-MXene/SrTiO aerogel provides a new concept for expanding the multifunctionality of flexible sensors such that the manipulator can more closely reach the tactile level of the human hand. This advancement reduces the difficulty of integrating humanoid robots and provides a new breadth of application scenarios for their possibility.
{"title":"A multifunctional flexible sensor based on PI-MXene/SrTiO3 hybrid aerogel for tactile perception","authors":"Shihao Deng, Yue Li, Shengzhao Li, Shen Yuan, Hao Zhu, Ju Bai, Jingyi Xu, Lu Peng, Tie Li, Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"The inadequacy of tactile perception systems in humanoid robotic manipulators limits the breadth of available robotic applications. Here, we designed a multifunctional flexible tactile sensor for robotic fingers that provides capabilities similar to those of human skin sensing modalities. This sensor utilizes a novel PI-MXene/SrTiO hybrid aerogel developed as a sensing unit with the additional abilities of electromagnetic transmission and thermal insulation to adapt to certain complex environments. Moreover, polyimide (PI) provides a high-strength skeleton, MXene realizes a pressure-sensing function, and MXene/SrTiO achieves both thermoelectric and infrared radiation response behaviors. Furthermore, via the pressure response mechanism and unsteady-state heat transfer, these aerogel-derived flexible sensors realize multimodal sensing and recognition capabilities with minimal cross-coupling. They can differentiate among 13 types of hardness and four types of material from objects with accuracies of 94% and 85%, respectively, using a decision tree algorithm. In addition, based on the infrared radiation-sensing function, a sensory array was assembled, and different shapes of objects were successfully recognized. These findings demonstrate that this PI-MXene/SrTiO aerogel provides a new concept for expanding the multifunctionality of flexible sensors such that the manipulator can more closely reach the tactile level of the human hand. This advancement reduces the difficulty of integrating humanoid robots and provides a new breadth of application scenarios for their possibility.","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100594
Ying Cheng, Hongyan Liu
{"title":"The crucial role of soil moisture in the evolution of forest cover in Asia since the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"Ying Cheng, Hongyan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100584
Jean-Luc Bloechle, Julien Audiffren, Thibaut Le Naour, Andrea Alli, Dylan Simoni, Gabriel Wüthrich, Jean-Pierre Bresciani
Penalty kicks are increasingly decisive in major international football competitions. Yet, over thirty percent of shootout kicks are missed. The outcome of the kick often relies on the ability of the penalty taker to exploit anticipatory movements of the goalkeeper to redirect the kick towards the open side of the goal. Unfortunately, this ability is difficult to train using classical methods. We used an Augmented-Reality simulator displaying an holographic goalkeeper to test and train penalty kick performance with thirteen young elite players. Machine Learning algorithms were used to optimize the learning rate by maintaining an optimal level of training difficulty. Ten training sessions of twenty kicks reduced the redirection threshold by 120 ms, which constituted a 28% reduction with respect to the baseline threshold. Importantly, redirection threshold reduction was observed for all trained players, and all things being equal, it corresponded to an estimated 35% improvement of the success rate.
{"title":"It’s not all in your feet: Improving penalty kick performance with human-avatar interaction and Machine Learning","authors":"Jean-Luc Bloechle, Julien Audiffren, Thibaut Le Naour, Andrea Alli, Dylan Simoni, Gabriel Wüthrich, Jean-Pierre Bresciani","doi":"10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Penalty kicks are increasingly decisive in major international football competitions. Yet, over thirty percent of shootout kicks are missed. The outcome of the kick often relies on the ability of the penalty taker to exploit anticipatory movements of the goalkeeper to redirect the kick towards the open side of the goal. Unfortunately, this ability is difficult to train using classical methods. We used an Augmented-Reality simulator displaying an holographic goalkeeper to test and train penalty kick performance with thirteen young elite players. Machine Learning algorithms were used to optimize the learning rate by maintaining an optimal level of training difficulty. Ten training sessions of twenty kicks reduced the redirection threshold by 120 ms, which constituted a 28% reduction with respect to the baseline threshold. Importantly, redirection threshold reduction was observed for all trained players, and all things being equal, it corresponded to an estimated 35% improvement of the success rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":36121,"journal":{"name":"The Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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