The Innovation最新文献

Topological magnets have shown great potential for transverse thermoelectric (TE) conversion with structural advantages, utilizing the anomalous Nernst effect. To facilitate such applications, the development of exceptional topological magnet-based Nernst devices is a crucial step that requires both high-performance topological magnets and the design of low-resistance interfaces in the devices. Here, we report that the anomalous Nernst effect in topological magnets can be ubiquitously enhanced by synergistically tuning the entropy-density-weighted Berry curvature and the Fermi surface, as evidenced by a giant anomalous Nernst power factor of 47.8 μW m^-1 K^-2 at room temperature in electron-doped Co₂MnGa. In addition, we achieved an ultralow interfacial resistivity in the Nernst device by designing reactive wetting interfacial layers, enabling an ultrahigh power output of 69.7 μW at a temperature difference of 16.1 K, the highest value yet reported to date. We have also experimentally corroborated the structural advantages of transverse TE technology by developing Nernst devices with different length-to-thickness ratios. Our work demonstrates a paradigm for designing exceptional topological magnet-based Nernst generators for transverse TE conversion.

Soil has garnered global attention for its role in food security and climate change. Fine-scale soil-mapping techniques are urgently needed to support food, water, and biodiversity services. A global soil dataset integrated into an Earth observation system and supported by cloud computing enabled the development of the first global soil grid of six key properties at a 90-m spatial resolution. Assessing them from environmental and socio-economic perspectives, we demonstrated that 64% of the world's topsoils are primarily sandy, with low fertility and high susceptibility to degradation. These conditions limit crop productivity and highlight potential risks to food security. Results reveal that approximately 900 Gt of soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored up to 20 cm deep. Arid biomes store three times more SOC than mangroves based on total areas. SOC content in agricultural soils is reduced by at least 60% compared to soils under natural vegetation. Most agricultural areas are being fertilized while simultaneously experiencing a depletion of the carbon pool. By integrating soil capacity with economic and social factors, we highlight the critical role of soil in supporting societal prosperity. The top 10 largest countries in area per continent store 75% of the global SOC stock. However, the poorest countries face rapid organic matter degradation. We indicate an interconnection between societal growth and spatially explicit mapping of soil properties. This soil-human nexus establishes a geographically based link between soil health and human development. It underscores the importance of soil management in enhancing agricultural productivity and promotes sustainable-land-use planning.

Geometrically frustrated magnetic materials provide an important platform for studying emergent quantum magnetism. Materials that host a triangular or Kagome magnetic sublattice have been intensively studied within this realm of research. Here, we point out that more lattice types can be considered geometrically frustrated since a single triangular motif is sufficient to introduce geometrical frustration. Archimedean lattices present uniform tiling in space. In addition to triangular and Kagome lattices, Archimedean lattices include maple-leaf (ML), Shastry-Sutherland (SS), trellis, ruby, and star lattices that are all triangle containing. Through a systematic search of the literature and known inorganic crystal structure databases (ICSDs), we identify materials that realize these less-common lattice types, offering new opportunities to study frustrated magnetism in diverse settings.