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A modern popular culture in middle-class Japan 日本中产阶级的现代流行文化
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00075_2
S. Sommers
In modern history, Japan has undergone an enormous transformation that created a huge middle-class with its own popular culture. This thematic section of the East Asian Journal of Popular Culture examines the way in which popular culture emerged from an early authoritarian control over culture and production. Four articles examine the ways in which forms of popular culture have evolved as the marketplace has adopted more liberal regulation. The place of gender and gender roles is particularly salient in understanding this transformation. This transformation is described using examples from both men’s and women’s fashion magazines (by Martyn David Smith and Satoshi Ota), the use of televised laughter (by David Humphrey) and the evolution of the place of women in Takarazuka theatre (by Toshiko Irie).
在现代史上,日本经历了一场巨大的变革,造就了一个拥有自己流行文化的庞大中产阶级。《东亚流行文化杂志》的这一主题部分探讨了流行文化从早期对文化和生产的独裁控制中产生的方式。四篇文章探讨了随着市场采用更自由的监管,流行文化形式的演变方式。在理解这种转变时,性别和性别角色的地位尤为突出。这一转变是通过男性和女性时尚杂志(Martyn David Smith和Satoshi Ota著)、电视笑声的使用(David Humphrey著)和女性在宝冢剧院的地位演变(Toshiko Irie著)的例子来描述的。
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引用次数: 0
The ‘hedonistic revolution of everyday life’: Men’s magazines, consumerism and the Japanese salaryman in the 1960s “日常生活的享乐主义革命”:20世纪60年代的男性杂志、消费主义和日本工薪族
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00076_1
M. Smith
This article examines the ambiguous relationship between masculinity and consumerism in Japan since the Taisho period. It charts the creation of Heibon Punch, the first post-war lifestyle magazine aimed explicitly at men. In contrast to the corporate ideological reaffirmation of, or passive submission to, political and economic ideology hegemonic salaryman masculinity would come to epitomize, in the magazine consumerism was presented as a means of establishing individuality, creativity, agency and self-expression. Rather than seeing the rise of men’s lifestyle magazines in the 1960s as reconstituting Japanese masculinity through struggles against the deleterious, feminizing effects of mass consumption, I argue instead that there was an attempt to defeminize the act of consumption itself and establish a masculinity at ease with the new imperative to go shopping. Underpinning this was the ongoing quest for a revolution in Japanese masculinity that challenged the association, since at least the 1920s, of individual consumption with feminine traits of hedonism, spontaneity and irrationality. In the 1960s, this quest countered the increasingly hegemonic connection of masculinity and male consumption to middle-class domesticity by offering the chance for young Japanese salarymen to envision a masculinity at ease with consumer society.
本文考察了大正时期以来日本男性气质与消费主义之间的暧昧关系。它描绘了战后第一本明确针对男性的生活方式杂志《Heibon Punch》的创作。与企业意识形态对政治和经济意识形态的重申或被动屈服形成鲜明对比的是,霸权的工薪族男子气概将成为其缩影,在杂志中,消费主义被视为建立个性、创造力、能动性和自我表达的一种手段。我并没有把20世纪60年代男性生活方式杂志的兴起看作是通过与大规模消费的有害女性化影响作斗争来重建日本的男子气概,相反,我认为这是一种试图消除消费行为本身,并在购物的新需求下建立一种轻松的男子气概。支撑这一点的是对日本男子气概革命的持续追求,至少从20世纪20年代开始,这场革命就挑战了个人消费与享乐主义、自发性和非理性女性特征的联系。在20世纪60年代,这种追求通过为年轻的日本工薪阶层提供机会,让他们在消费社会中轻松想象男性气质,来对抗男性气质和男性消费与中产阶级家庭生活之间日益霸权的联系。
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引用次数: 0
The Anime Ecology: A Genealogy of Television, Animation, and Game Media, Thomas Lamarre (2018) 《动漫生态:电视、动画和游戏媒体谱系》,托马斯·拉玛雷著(2018)
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00082_5
Mathieu Rondeau
Review of: The Anime Ecology: A Genealogy of Television, Animation, and Game Media, Thomas Lamarre (2018)Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 424 pp.,ISBN 978-1-51790-450-0, p/bk, $27.00
评论:《动漫生态:电视、动画和游戏媒体谱系》,托马斯·拉马尔(2018),明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,424页,ISBN 978-1-51790-450-0,p/bk,27.00美元
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引用次数: 0
Staging Personhood: Costuming in Early Qing Drama, Guojun Wang (2020) 舞台人物:清初戏剧中的角色扮演,王国军(2020)
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00083_5
Adam D. Frank
Review of: Staging Personhood: Costuming in Early Qing Drama, Guojun Wang (2020)New York: Columbia University Press, 312 pp.,ISBN 978-0-23119-190-6, h/bk, £50.00/$65.00
《舞台人格:清初戏剧中的服装》,王国军(2020)纽约:哥伦比亚大学出版社,312页,ISBN 978-0-23119-190-6, h/bk,£50.00/$65.00
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引用次数: 0
The Landscape of Historical Memory: The Politics of Museums and Memorial Culture in Post-Martial Law Taiwan, Kirk A. Denton (2021) 《历史记忆的景观:台湾后大陆法中的博物馆政治与纪念文化》,柯克·丹顿(2021)
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00084_5
Yan Ying
Review of: The Landscape of Historical Memory: The Politics of Museums and Memorial Culture in Post-Martial Law Taiwan, Kirk A. Denton (2021)Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 284 pp.,ISBN 978-9-88852-8-578, h/bk, HKD 620.00
评论:《历史记忆的景观:台湾后大陆法中博物馆和纪念文化的政治》,Kirk A.Denton(2021)香港:香港大学出版社,284页,ISBN 978-9-88852-8-578,h/bk,HKD 620.00
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引用次数: 0
Examining the emergence of Hong Kong identity: A critical study of the 1970s Cantonese sketch comedy, The Hui Brothers Show 检视香港身份认同的出现:对七十年代广东小品喜剧《许氏兄弟秀》的批判性研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00074_1
Charles Lam, Genevieve Leung
Research on Hong Kong identity has focused on several pivotal periods (the 1997 Handover, and the 2014 and 2019 protests), which situates local, postcolonial Hong Kong identity as oppositional to a national Chinese identity. While these time points are critical, it is also important to attend to earlier Hong Kong media, including humorous works. Better understanding of how Hong Kong humour operates expands our knowledge about humour, identity and media studies beyond the prolific cinematic output. This article reports on the content analysis of 8.8 hours of the sketch comedy show, 雙星報喜 (The Hui Brothers Show) 1971–72. The Hui brothers broke the ‘two fools’ tradition of vernacularized and self-deprecating comedy by incorporating content reflecting Hongkongers’ everyday experience and coinciding with a rise in television viewership. We report three representative themes: (1) luxury and novelty, (2) social commentaries and behaviour governance and (3) the normalization and centring of working-class lifestyles as ‘Hong Kong’ lifestyles. We argue that these themes from the 1970s have planted the seeds to Hong Kong identity boundaries that have been (re)constructed and (re)imagined in contemporary Hong Kong history thus offering opportunities for collective self-reflection about what it meant to be a Hongkonger then and what it means now.
对香港身份认同的研究集中在几个关键时期(1997年的回归,以及2014年和2019年的抗议活动),将当地后殖民时代的香港身份认同定位为与民族中国身份认同的对立。虽然这些时间点很关键,但关注早期香港媒体也很重要,包括幽默作品。更好地理解香港幽默的运作方式,使我们对幽默、身份认同和媒体研究的了解超越了多产的电影作品。本文通过对8.8小时小品喜剧节目的内容分析,雙星報喜 (《回兄弟秀》)1971–72。回族兄弟打破了“两个傻瓜”的传统,他们将反映香港人日常经历的内容融入其中,并与电视收视率的上升相吻合。我们报告了三个具有代表性的主题:(1)奢侈品和新奇,(2)社会评论和行为治理,以及(3)工人阶级生活方式作为“香港”生活方式的正常化和集中化。我们认为,20世纪70年代的这些主题为当代香港历史上重新构建和想象的香港身份界限埋下了种子,从而为集体反思当时作为香港人意味着什么以及现在意味着什么提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the image of middle-aged women: A study of otona-joshi (‘adult girls’) in Japanese print media 中年妇女形象的变化:日本平面媒体中“成年女孩”的研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00079_1
Satoshi Ota
Around the year 2000, the word joshi began to appear in women’s magazines, as in otona-joshi (‘adult girls’), 30 dai joshi (‘30-something girls’) and 40 dai joshi (‘40-something girls’). These terms have been commonly used not only in magazines but also on television and in everyday conversation. Though joshi implies female children and teenage girls, the term occasionally refers to women in their 30s and 40s who are supposed to be recognized as grown adults. The word joshi implies youth and vigour. This article examines how the image of women in their 30s and 40s has changed over the past decades and joshi has become an accepted word to refer to them. Contrary to its positive image, the word also connotes immaturity. Central to exploring how the notion of maturity has changed over the past 30 years are the writings of popular essayists and the women’s magazines they frequently read when they were young. This is further contextualized with a brief history of Japanese women’s magazines as to illustrate how women have responded to the notion of maturity imposed on them created after modernization.
大约在2000年,joshi这个词开始出现在女性杂志上,如otona-joshi(“成年女孩”),30 dai joshi(“30岁左右的女孩”)和40 dai joshi(“40岁左右的女孩”)。这些术语不仅在杂志上,而且在电视上和日常谈话中都被广泛使用。虽然joshi指的是女性儿童和十几岁的女孩,但这个词偶尔也指30多岁、40多岁的女性,她们应该被视为成年人。乔希这个词意味着年轻和活力。这篇文章探讨了在过去的几十年里,30多岁和40多岁的女性形象是如何变化的,joshi已经成为一个被接受的词来指代她们。与其积极的形象相反,这个词也有不成熟的意思。要探究“成熟”这个概念在过去30年里发生了怎样的变化,最重要的是研究流行散文家的作品,以及她们年轻时经常阅读的女性杂志。这将进一步与日本女性杂志的简史联系起来,以说明女性如何回应现代化后强加给她们的成熟概念。
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引用次数: 0
Panmemic inoculation: How Taiwan is nerfing the pandemic with cute humour 流感疫苗:台湾如何用可爱的幽默来抵御流感
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00073_1
Jacob F. Tischer
The article outlines the Taiwanese government’s strategy of using cute and humorous messages in its official communication via social media during the initial phase of COVID-19. Subjected to Chinese influence campaigns on social media, the government devised playful memes to ‘inoculate’ the public against disinformation and rumours. While the images contained important information, what made them appealing, memorable and spreadable as memes was their self-deprecating humour and cute aesthetics. Adopting the memetic logic of replication, the communication strategy devised such benign, non-aggressive humour as part of a broad, holistic approach towards improving Taiwan’s democracy with technology-assisted, consensus-based decision-making. This strategy entailed wider-reaching social effects. Informed by an analysis of memes as a genre of cultural artefacts, the article traces how government-sponsored cute aesthetics resonated in society through being shared, imitated and repurposed. For example, government representatives such as ‘digital minister’ Audrey Tang and Minister of Health and Welfare Chen Shih-chung became memetic icons animated through fan art. In this realm of increasingly self-referential social intimacy, ordinary citizens and the government co-created not only immunity to misinformation but also an affective community of Taiwanese national proportions.
文章概述了台湾政府在新冠肺炎初期通过社交媒体进行官方传播时使用可爱和幽默信息的策略。受中国在社交媒体上施加影响力的影响,政府设计了有趣的表情包来“接种”公众抵制虚假信息和谣言。虽然这些图片包含了重要的信息,但让它们成为表情包的吸引力、令人难忘和可传播的是它们自嘲的幽默和可爱的美学。采用复制的模因逻辑,传播策略设计了这种良性的、非攻击性的幽默,作为一种广泛的、整体的方法的一部分,以技术辅助的、基于共识的决策来改善台湾的民主。这一战略产生了更广泛的社会影响。通过对作为一种文化产物的模因的分析,这篇文章追溯了政府资助的可爱美学是如何通过分享、模仿和重新利用在社会中产生共鸣的。例如,“数码部长”邓丽薇和卫生福利部长陈世中等政府代表,通过粉丝艺术成为模因偶像。在这个越来越以自我为参照的社会亲密关系领域,普通公民和政府不仅共同创造了对错误信息的免疫力,而且还共同创造了一个具有台湾民族比例的情感社区。
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引用次数: 0
The Takarazuka Revue’s post-war tours of Hawai’i: Exploring Japanese female agency and the restrictions placed upon it 宝冢影评战后夏威夷之旅:探索日本女性经纪公司及其限制
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00078_1
Toshiko Irie
In 1955, the HJJCC (Honolulu Japanese Junior Chamber of Commerce) invited the performers of an all-female Japanese theatre called the Takarazuka Revue to participate in the Annual Japanese American Beauty Queen Contest. The intention of the HJJCC was to present the performers, all women born and raised in Japan, in a way that showcased their Japanese oriental beauty. In this article I focus on this post-war Hawaiian tour and will consider how the female performers saw it as an opportunity to reject the rigid gender roles that were a persistent feature of the patriarchal system in Japan. Both the performers and the Japanese female fans of the Revue had hoped the tour would become a means of promoting broader perceptions of Japanese women’s identities. However, in reality, both the female performers and their fans continued to face societal restrictions and opposition to their efforts to move beyond established gender roles. By considering their vision of female agency, the resistance it met and the viewpoints expressed by the performers and their female fans, I argue that this post-war tour of Hawai’i enabled many Japanese women to reimagine and redefine their own identities as modern women living in post-war Japan.
1955年,HJJCC(檀香山日本青年商会)邀请全日本女性剧院宝冢剧团的演员参加年度日裔美国选美皇后大赛。HJJCC的目的是展示所有在日本出生和长大的女性,以一种展示日本东方美的方式。在这篇文章中,我将重点关注战后的夏威夷之旅,并将考虑女性表演者如何将其视为一个机会,以拒绝僵化的性别角色,这是日本父权制度的一个持久特征。剧团的表演者和日本女粉丝都希望这次巡演能成为一种促进对日本女性身份认同的更广泛认识的手段。然而,在现实中,女演员和她们的粉丝继续面临社会的限制和反对,她们努力超越既定的性别角色。考虑到她们对女性代理的愿景、遭遇的抵制以及她们的女性粉丝所表达的观点,我认为这次战后夏威夷之旅使许多日本女性重新想象和重新定义了她们作为战后日本现代女性的身份。
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引用次数: 0
General editorial: EAJPC 8.2 总论:EAJPC 8.2
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/eapc_00072_2
E. Vickers, A. Heylen, K. Taylor-Jones
This issue of the East Asian Journal of Popular Culture (EAJPC) includes a thematic section, edited by Scott Sommers, consisting of four papers dealing with various cultural ramifications of a modern popular culture in middle-class Japan, particularly in relation to gender and consumerism. It further features articles analysing the role of humour in the Sinophone world: one (by Charles Lam and Genevieve Leung) on the emergence during the 1970s of a consciousness of distinctive Hong Kong identity through the prism of the television sketch comedy, the Hui Brothers Show and another (by Jacob Tischer) investigating the use of a humorous social media strategy by Taiwan’s government in its attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. The issue concludes with a paper by Marketa Bajgerová Verly on the representation of female victims of the Sino-Japanese War in the museums of the PRC. The book reviews section features commentary on four recently published works that relate to themes discussed in the research articles.
本期《东亚流行文化杂志》包括一个主题部分,由Scott Sommers编辑,由四篇论文组成,涉及日本中产阶级现代流行文化的各种文化影响,特别是与性别和消费主义有关的影响。文章还分析了幽默在华语世界中的作用:一篇(由Charles Lam和Genevieve Leung撰写)通过电视小品喜剧的视角,讲述了20世纪70年代香港独特身份意识的出现,Hui Brothers Show和另一个(Jacob Tischer)调查台湾政府在试图控制新冠肺炎大流行时使用幽默的社交媒体策略。本期以Marketa BaggerováVerly撰写的一篇关于中国博物馆中中日战争女性受害者形象的论文结束。书评部分对最近出版的四部与研究文章中讨论的主题相关的作品进行了评论。
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引用次数: 0
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East Asian Journal of Popular Culture
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