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Kerala´s Ancient Mizhavu Drum: Transformations and Sustainability 喀拉拉邦古老的米兹哈武鼓:转变和可持续性
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.8-4
K. S. Vijayan, K. Bindu
The Kerala state in India offers a huge assemblage of various percussion eccentricities. Each percussion instrument sustains and preserves its own attributes: some drums accompany visual arts, others create a vibrant world of percussion music, and a few maintain both attributes. Almost all instruments are related to ceremonial pursuance and worship customs. Mizhavu is a single-headed drum from Kerala that employs these kinds of ceremonial pursuance. The purpose of the instrument, which had also been used in temples in Tamil Nadu, is to accompany the Kūṭiyāṭṭam and Kuttu performances in the great temples (mahakshetras) for the pleasure of God’s souls and the invocation of their powers. Kūṭiyāṭṭam and Kuttu – Kerala’s Sanskrit drama performing art forms – have been recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage due to 2000 years of tradition. As ‘visual sacrifice’ staging scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, they combine dance with theatre performance, Sanskrit verses (slokas), and percussive music in a ritualistic context. The main supporting percussion instrument (mizhavu) serves as deva vādyam – an instrument for the deities. Its classification as a one-headed drum covered with skin (avanaddha vadya of the dardura type) goes back to the Natya Shastra of Bharatamuni – some 2000 years ago. Definitions as kettledrum (bhanda vadya) trace it back to Kautilya’s Arthasastra. The Buddhist Pali Tripitaka refers to pot drums (kumba toonak). Tamil epics mention a muzha or kuta muzha drum. Publications in recent decades nearly mention that drum. Production methods, forms, and material of the drum have changed over the ages. Attached to the artistic heritage of a certain Brahmin caste – the Nampyar – the drum has spent a long period in the environment of temple theatres. Since 1966, it has been taught to pupils of all castes at the Kerala Kalamandalam, Thrissur District. P.K.K. Nambiar worked as the first mizhavu teacher in the later added Kūṭiyāṭṭam department. He was followed by his pupil K. Eswaranunni, the first mizhavu guru from another caste, fighting for acceptance among members of Chakyar and Nampyar families. As a passionate master with numerous awards and performance experience all over the world, K. Eswaranunni has trained most of the contemporary mizhavu percussionists, who are still performing all over India as well as abroad. This paper gives an overview of the instrument and shows how the mizhavu is described by both gurus in their books written in Malayalam and by both authors including their personal relations to the drum.
印度的喀拉拉邦提供了一个巨大的各种敲击怪癖的集合。每种打击乐器都维持并保留了自己的属性:一些鼓伴随着视觉艺术,另一些鼓创造了一个充满活力的打击音乐世界,还有一些鼓保持了这两种属性。几乎所有的乐器都与礼仪追求和祭祀习俗有关。Mizhavu是一种来自喀拉拉邦的单头鼓,使用这些仪式上的追求。这种乐器也曾在泰米尔纳德邦的寺庙中使用,它的目的是在大寺庙(mahakshetras)的Kūṭiyāṭṭam和Kuttu表演中伴奏,以愉悦上帝的灵魂并调用他们的力量。Kūṭiyāṭṭam和Kuttu -喀拉拉邦的梵文戏剧表演艺术形式-因其2000年的传统而被认定为非物质文化遗产。作为《罗摩衍那》(Ramayana)和《摩诃婆罗多》(Mahabharata)中的“视觉献祭”场景,他们将舞蹈与戏剧表演、梵语诗句(slokas)和打击音乐结合在一起,营造出一种仪式氛围。主要的辅助打击乐器(mizhau)作为deva vādyam -神的乐器。它的分类是一种覆盖着皮肤的单头鼓(avanaddha vadya dardura类型),可以追溯到大约2000年前巴拉陀牟尼的纳提亚沙斯塔。壶鼓(bhanda vadya)的定义可以追溯到考提利亚的Arthasastra。佛教巴利三藏指的是锅鼓(kumba toonak)。泰米尔史诗中提到muzha或kuta muzha鼓。近几十年的出版物几乎都提到了这个鼓点。鼓的制作方法、形式和材料在各个时代都发生了变化。作为婆罗门种姓的艺术遗产,这种鼓在寺庙剧院的环境中已经存在了很长一段时间。自1966年以来,在特里苏区喀拉拉邦卡拉曼达拉姆,所有种姓的学生都被教授这门课。P.K.K. Nambiar在后来增加的Kūṭiyāṭṭam部门担任mizhau的第一位教师。紧随其后的是他的学生K. Eswaranunni,第一个来自另一个种姓的米兹哈乌大师,他努力争取Chakyar和Nampyar家庭成员的接受。作为一个充满激情的大师,K. Eswaranunni在世界各地获得了无数的奖项和表演经验,他培养了大多数当代米兹哈夫打击乐手,他们仍然在印度和国外演出。这篇论文给出了乐器的概述,并展示了两位大师是如何在他们用马拉雅拉姆语写的书中描述米兹哈武的,两位作者也包括了他们与鼓的个人关系。
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引用次数: 0
Vinay Mishra and the Artistry of the Harmonium 维奈·米什拉和风琴艺术
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.8-5
Lahiru Gimhana Komangoda
Vinay Mishra is an accomplished Indian solo and accompanying harmonium player born and brought up in Benaras and currently residing in Delhi serving as a faculty member of the Department of Music, Faculty of Music and Fine Arts, University of Delhi. The rigorous training of both vocal and instrumental music under veteran Hindustani Music virtuosos, the academic and scholarly scope built up till the degree of PhD in Music, the realizations, and understandings on music must have conspicuously made an impact of his practice and artistry as a harmonium player. Harmonium was originated in the west and adopted by Indian musicians in the colonial era which was brought up to the present day through many artistic, cultural and political controversies, and obstacles. This work focuses on discovering the insights of the harmonium art of Vinay Mishra. Hence, his academic background, musical training, musical career, his playing style as a soloist, general techniques and techniques of accompaniment, sense of machinery, perspectives on raga Taal, and thoroughly the tuning methods were studied in-depth through personal conversations and literature resources where it was observed that modern Hindustani harmonium artists favor a typical natural tuning method over the 12 equal temperaments of the common keyboard instruments. According to him, the stable sound of the harmonium was the reason to be vocal music- friendly in classical and light vocal music accompaniment which was only interrupted by the equal temperament earlier and was later overcome by the artists and harmonium makers. The idea was also raised that apart from gaining the basic command of an instrument, a Hindustani instrumentalist may learn and practice all other aspects of Hindustani music from the teachers of other forms too. Vinay Mishra’s thoughts of machinery, musical forms, compositions, applying Hindustani vocal, and plucking string instrumental ornamentations on the Harmonium were also reviewed.
Vinay Mishra是一位杰出的印度独奏和伴奏风琴演奏家,出生于贝纳拉斯,目前居住在德里,是德里大学音乐与美术学院音乐系的教员。在资深印度斯坦音乐大师的指导下对声乐和器乐的严格训练,在音乐博士学位之前建立的学术和学术范围,对音乐的认识和理解,一定对他作为一个风琴演奏家的实践和艺术产生了显著的影响。口琴起源于西方,在殖民时期被印度音乐家所采用,经历了许多艺术、文化和政治上的争议和障碍才发展到今天。本作品的重点是发现Vinay Mishra的和声艺术的见解。因此,通过个人对话和文献资料,对他的学术背景、音乐训练、音乐生涯、独奏风格、伴奏的一般技巧和技巧、机械感、对拉格塔尔的看法以及彻底的调音方法进行了深入研究,发现现代印度斯坦口琴艺术家更喜欢一种典型的自然调音方法,而不是普通键盘乐器的12种平等气质。根据他的说法,在古典和轻声乐伴奏中,口琴稳定的声音是声乐友好的原因,早期只是被平等的气质打断,后来被艺术家和口琴制造商所克服。还有人提出,除了掌握一种乐器的基本技能外,印度斯坦乐器演奏家还可以从其他形式的老师那里学习和练习印度斯坦音乐的所有其他方面。Vinay Mishra对机械、音乐形式、作曲、印度斯坦人声的应用以及在口琴上弹奏弦乐器装饰的思想也进行了回顾。
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引用次数: 0
Revie of ``Storytelling in Siberia: The Olonkho Epic in a Changing World'' 书评《西伯利亚的故事:变化世界中的奥隆科史诗》
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.8-9
G. Jähnichen
This book review highlights the specific features of an important publication about Siberian traditions. The author spent much time and energy in compiling convincing material. The reviewer goes through some details regarding the contents and structure of this publication.
这篇书评突出了一本关于西伯利亚传统的重要出版物的具体特点。作者花费了大量的时间和精力来编写令人信服的材料。审稿人详细讨论了该出版物的内容和结构。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review of ‘Kirsten Seidlitz. 2020. Musik & Politischer Konflikt aus der Türkei – kurdische, alevitische und linke Musik in Deutschland’ [Music and Political Conflict from Turkey – Kurdish, Alevi, and Leftist Music In Germany]. Bielefeld: Transcript. 2020年对斯滕·塞德兹的书籍评论土耳其的音乐和政治冲突——德国库尔德、亚历山大和左翼音乐"比勒费尔德:Transcript .
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-8
G. Jähnichen
This short review essay refers to the book of Kirsten Seidlitz ‘Musik XXABSTRACT Politischer Konflikt aus der Türkei– Kurdische, alevitische und linke Musik in Deutschland [Music and Political Conflict from Turkey –Kurdish, Alevi, and Leftist Music in Germany], which was published in 2020 by the German TranscriptVerlag in Bielefeld. It is written in German and addresses many important questions regarding politicalconflicts and their impact on music among various different Turkish people living in Germany. Migrationand political participation are heatedly debated in recent times and also a part of cultural exchange.
这篇简短的评论文章引用了Kirsten Seidlitz的《Musik XXABSTRACT Politischer Konflikt aus der t rrkei - Kurdische, alevitische und linke Musik in Deutschland》(来自土耳其的音乐和政治冲突——德国的库尔德人、阿勒维人和左翼音乐)一书,该书于2020年由比勒费尔德的德国转录出版社出版。它是用德语写的,并提出了许多关于政治冲突及其对生活在德国的不同土耳其人的音乐影响的重要问题。近年来,移民和政治参与成为人们热议的话题,也是文化交流的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Transtextual Gender Construction in the Opera Madame White Snake 歌剧《白蛇夫人》中的跨文本性别建构
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-1
Fang Bo
The opera Madame White Snake (hereafter Madame), co-commissioned by Opera Boston and BeijingMusic Festival, premiered at Boston Cutler Majestic Theater in February 2010. It was the firstcommissioned opera by Opera Boston.1 Based on the story from the famous Chinese ancient myth Bai SheZhuan 2 (in Chinese: 白蛇传), this opera’s libretto was created by a Singaporean American librettist, whohas shed the story’s “traditional skin and taking on modern trappings” (Smith, 2019: 27) on purpose.When sniffing at male librettists’ discourses about female characters’ vulnerable and tragic lives in theiroperas, opera Madame’s initiator and librettist Cerise Lim Jacobs argues that women should seize theinitiative to make their own decisions in life. The white snake, in her mind, ought to be a whole womanwho is powerful and demonic, and yet, is also nurturing and caring, is capable of deep and intense love.In the first section of this article, I introduce the original legend’s background and the story outline in itsoperatic adaptation; I also trace back the opera’s commissioning process. After providing the backgroundinformation of the story and the operatic version, then, in the second section I analyze the opera in terms ofits transtextual figural gender construction in her characterization through comparative studies of the whiteand green snakes’ images from the sources of literary works, traditional xiqu scripts and operatic librettos.Referring to Lim’s personal growth and migrating history, as well as she and her husband co-foundedcharitable foundation’s missions and its recent IDEA (Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access) opera grantprogram partnering with Opera America, I aim to examine her gender construction of the “female” roles inthe opera from the perspectives of feminism, interracial marriage; and heterosexual, transsexual, andhomosexual relationships.
2010年2月,由波士顿歌剧院和北京音乐节共同委托创作的歌剧《白蛇夫人》在波士顿卡特勒大剧院首演。这是波士顿歌剧院第一部委托创作的歌剧。这部歌剧的剧本改编自中国著名的古代神话《白蛇传2》(中文:白蛇传),由一位新加坡裔美国剧作家创作,他有意为故事“脱去传统的外衣,披上现代的外衣”(史密斯,2019:27)。歌剧《夫人》的发起人、作家瑟里斯·林姆·雅各布斯对男性自由作家在歌剧中描写女性角色的脆弱和悲惨生活嗤之以鼻,她认为女性应该掌握主动,在生活中做出自己的决定。在她的心目中,白蛇应该是一个完整的女人,既强大又妖魔化,但同时也有养育和关怀,有深厚而强烈的爱。在本文的第一部分,我介绍了原传说的背景和它的歌剧改编的故事大纲;我还追溯了歌剧的委托过程。在提供了故事背景和歌剧版本的基础上,第二部分从文学作品、传统戏曲剧本和歌剧剧本的来源,通过对白蛇和青蛇形象的比较研究,分析了歌剧人物塑造中的跨文本的人物性别建构。参考Lim的个人成长和移民历史,以及她和她的丈夫共同创立的慈善基金会的使命,以及最近与美国歌剧院合作的IDEA(包容,多样性,公平,和访问)歌剧资助计划,我旨在从女权主义,跨种族婚姻的角度审视她在歌剧中“女性”角色的性别建构;以及异性恋、变性和同性恋关系。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding an Epic Song of the Hmong in Laos From The Perspective of Oral Composition 从口述作曲的角度解读老挝苗族史诗歌曲
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-6
Zhang Xun
This article looks at an epic song performed by Hmong in Laos from a perspective of oral compositionby analyzing a wedding song Leuangtengdong. Through detailed musical and textual transcription,several compositional devices are identified and discussed. My study explores oral composition of thesong focusing on its material and structure. I argue that music plays an important role in its oralcomposition: material-wise, music functions both as formulaic music-text association/unity and bycareful music-text interactions; structure-wise, the song is organized in a multi-layered frameworkrealized by the hierarchical music-text formulas, with music-text ‘theme’ in critical structural positions.
本文通过对一首婚礼歌曲《梁腾洞》的分析,从口头创作的角度来研究老挝苗族史诗歌曲。通过详细的音乐和文本转录,识别和讨论了几种作曲手段。我的研究重点是歌曲的材料和结构的口头组成。我认为音乐在其口头创作中扮演着重要的角色:在材料方面,音乐既是公式化的音乐与文本的联系/统一,也是仔细的音乐与文本的互动;在结构方面,这首歌被组织在一个多层次的框架中,通过分层的音乐文本公式实现,音乐文本“主题”位于关键的结构位置。
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引用次数: 0
Symphonies, Status and Soft Power: The Symphony Orchestra of India 交响乐、地位与软实力:印度交响乐团
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-2
H. Marsden
The Symphony Orchestra of India (SOI) is India's only professional symphony orchestra. In this paper, Iexplore the roles and meanings of the SOI. First, I situate it locally within its home city of Mumbai,positioning it within discourses of social class, status, and globally-minded aspiration. I argue that localvalues and ideologies surrounding professional musicianship compromise attempts to embed orchestralmusicking in the city. I then move on to place the SOI within discourses of nation building, questioning therole of the orchestra as a marker of national development. I suggest that Mumbai's transnational middleclass and elite communities, as well as the SOI's multinational corporate donors, consider investment in anorchestra a part of India's wider political and economic development. I point to tensions that are created asIndia's local and national government resist the notion of the orchestra as a marker of modernity and insteadchampion Indian arts and cultures as foundational to India's nationhood. Finally, I explore the SOI'stransnational networks, looking at its role within cultural diplomacy and soft power. I show that, whilst theSOI has made significant steps in 'reaching out' and finding a place within transnational cultural networks,its efforts are hampered by its failure to 'stand out'; to forge its own national identity as an Indian symphonyorchestra.
印度交响乐团(SOI)是印度唯一的专业交响乐团。在本文中,我探讨了国有企业的作用和意义。首先,我把它定位在它的家乡孟买,把它定位在社会阶级、地位和全球意识的话语中。我认为,围绕着专业音乐的地方价值观和意识形态,不利于将管弦乐融入城市。然后,我将SOI置于国家建设的话语中,质疑乐团作为国家发展标志的作用。我建议孟买的跨国中产阶级和精英社区,以及SOI的跨国公司捐助者,将投资管弦乐队视为印度更广泛的政治和经济发展的一部分。我指出,由于印度地方和国家政府反对将管弦乐队视为现代化的标志,而是支持印度艺术和文化,将其视为印度国家地位的基础,因此造成了紧张局势。最后,我探讨了SOI的跨国网络,看看它在文化外交和软实力中的作用。我认为,虽然社会主义社会在“接触”并在跨国文化网络中找到一席之地方面取得了重大进展,但它的努力却因未能“脱颖而出”而受到阻碍;打造自己作为印度交响乐团的民族认同。
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引用次数: 0
Genre Localization in Current Popular Music of the Philippines 菲律宾当代流行音乐的体裁定位
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-3
L. Jia
This paper focuses on the process of genre formation in the evolution of popular music of the Philippines’.From the phenomenon of the perception discrepancy of popular music genres among different stakeholders,this paper gives to attention at providing an alternative theory to explore how the Philippines’ popular musicgenres have been established. Applying Joe Peter’s theory of cultural hybridism, this paper specificallyattempts at exploring how foreign genres have been fused with local cultures and musical components, aimingat a vocality of expressing the Philippines’ national identity, which is key in articulating Philippines’ popularmusic genres in their actual sense. Rather than a parodic emulation of foreign music products, genre fluidityis a unique reflection of the artistic wisdom of Philippines’ musicians in the pursuit of forming a voice oftheir own, a continuation of their nationalist movement in their popular music idioms.
本文主要研究菲律宾流行音乐演变过程中音乐类型的形成过程。本文从不同利益相关者对流行音乐类型的认知差异现象出发,关注提供另一种理论来探讨菲律宾流行音乐类型是如何建立的。本文运用乔·彼得的文化杂糅理论,特别尝试探索外来音乐类型如何与本土文化和音乐成分融合在一起,旨在表达菲律宾的民族认同,这是表达菲律宾流行音乐类型的关键。比起对外国音乐产品的拙劣模仿,流派的流动性是菲律宾音乐家追求形成自己声音的艺术智慧的独特反映,是他们流行音乐习惯中民族主义运动的延续。
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引用次数: 0
Review of ‘Ziying You. 2020. Folk Literati, Contested Tradition, and Heritage in Contemporary China: Incense is Kept Burning’ 《紫婴游》2020回顾当代中国的民间文人、争议传统与遗产:香仍在燃烧
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-10
Corey Moore
This is a short review of the publication by Ziying You on ‘Folk Literati, Contested Tradition, and Heritagein Contemporary China: Incense is Kept Burning’, which was released by Indiana University Press inBloomington in the year 2020. The topic is highly sensitive to current efforts in reworking writings onhistorical developments in China. This review is important due to the fact that it allows many people toaccess details of the topic and to start a future discourse about some of the arising questions on heritageand historical values as well as about grassroot intellectuals and existing power structures.
这篇文章是对游子婴关于《当代中国的民间文人、有争议的传统与遗产:香一直在燃烧》一书的简短回顾,该书于2020年由印第安纳大学出版社在布卢明顿出版。这个话题对当前中国历史发展著作的修改工作非常敏感。这种回顾很重要,因为它使许多人能够接触到这个话题的细节,并开始未来关于遗产和历史价值以及基层知识分子和现有权力结构的一些新问题的讨论。
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引用次数: 2
Home-Coming: The Repatriation of Historical Recordings 回归:历史记录的回归
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.30819/aemr.7-7
Ling Jia Sui
This article deals with the provocative questions of repatriating recordings stored in large and small archivalinstitutions, mainly audio or video recordings, to source communities.While this topic is often, disputed within the framework of sound and audio-visual archivists, it is ratherrarely, investigated with academic vigor based personal experience in the field of music research. This paperattempts to start closing the knowledge gap and exchange ideas between those with practical experienceand those with musicological background but not necessarily intense experiences.The article provides an in-depth understanding of the term ‘home-coming’ and how this term relates tofuture activities and directions to be considered by museums and archival institutions. These insights mightbe of great benefit in sustaining and developing today’s archival institutions in Asia and Europe.
本文讨论了将储存在大大小小的档案机构中的录音(主要是音频或视频记录)归还给来源社区的争议性问题。虽然这个话题经常在声音和视听档案保管员的框架内引起争议,但很少有人根据音乐研究领域的个人经验,以学术活力进行调查。本文试图在有实践经验的人与有音乐背景但不一定有丰富经验的人之间开始缩小知识差距和交流思想。这篇文章提供了对“回家”一词的深入理解,以及这个词与博物馆和档案机构未来活动和考虑方向的关系。这些见解可能对维持和发展当今亚洲和欧洲的档案机构大有裨益。
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引用次数: 0
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Asian-European Music Research Journal
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