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Accounting terminology in English economic discourse (based on India’s The Company Act 2013) 英语经济话语中的会计术语(基于印度2013年公司法)
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-4-9-19
A. Radyuk
The paper studies the structure and semantics of English-language accounting terminology through a close examination of The Company Act, the official legal document regulating the establishment and operation of India’s commercial companies. The study aims to explore specific terminology occurring in accounting and audit books in the economic discourse, as well as to identify and analyse culture-marked terminology in the chosen field of study. Study results were used to compile a glossary of commonly used accounting terms constituting a part of a unified terminological system. The author has systemised the main notional classes of accounting terminology thus demonstrating its structural nature in English economic discourse, the semantic organisation and conceptual framework of the field-specific terminology system.
本文通过对规范印度商业公司建立和运营的官方法律文件《公司法》的仔细研究,研究了英语会计术语的结构和语义。本研究旨在探讨经济话语中会计和审计书籍中出现的特定术语,以及识别和分析所选研究领域中具有文化标记的术语。研究结果用于编制常用会计术语的词汇表,构成统一术语系统的一部分。作者系统化了会计术语的主要概念类别,从而展示了其在英语经济话语中的结构性质,特定领域术语系统的语义组织和概念框架。
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引用次数: 0
Humble pie and cold turkey: English expressions and their origins (a review) 谦卑派和冷火鸡:英语表达及其起源(回顾)
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-4-91-92
V. A. Borisenko
Idioms can be a curse for foreign language learners. First, it’s not obvious what they mean. Secondly, we don’t know where the expression comes from and thirdly, even if we have a similar concept expressed by an idiom in our own language it uses completely different language to do so. A common example in German is dienst is dienst und schnaps ist schnaps, which translates literally as work is work and schnapps is schnapps (an alcoholic drink). However, the comparable expression in English is Don’t mix business and pleasure. Not obvious to a speaker of German learning English and definitely not to an English speaker learning German. This is why appreciating the etymology of words and phrases to understand how they came to mean what they mean today is an important linguistic skill, as illustrated in Caroline Taggart’s book about the origins of many common expressions used in everyday English.
习语可能是外语学习者的诅咒。首先,它们的意思并不明显。其次,我们不知道这个表达的来源。第三,即使我们自己的语言中有一个习语表达了一个类似的概念,它也是用完全不同的语言来表达的。德语中一个常见的例子是dienst is dienst und schnap ist schnap,从字面上翻译就是工作就是工作,schnapps就是schnapps(一种酒精饮料)。然而,在英语中类似的表达是不要把工作和娱乐混为一谈。对一个说德语的人来说,学英语是不明显的,对一个说英语的人来说,学德语是绝对不明显的。这就是为什么欣赏单词和短语的词源,了解它们今天的意思是一项重要的语言技能,正如卡罗琳·塔格特(Caroline Taggart)关于日常英语中许多常见表达的起源的书中所阐述的那样。
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引用次数: 0
The changing role of English in Bangladesh 英语在孟加拉国的角色变化
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-4-20-30
Mohammad Mosiur Rahman
The importance of English as the dominant global language, the language of communication, technology, academia, economics, and entertainment is undeniable. Based on the steady economic growth throughout the country during the previous decade, Bangladesh was classified as a lower middle-income nation in a report published by the World Bank in 2016. Given these facts, it is undisputed that English plays an essential role in ensuring the continuation of economic development and the cultivation of skilled labour force that is compatible with international standards and highly demanded to meet the local needs of the employers. The purpose of this article is to situate the case of Bangladesh among other contexts of English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a lingua franca (ELF) with reference to the (dis)similarities between language policy and planning-related events. The article provides a detailed understanding of the language policy and planning of Bangladesh as a postcolonial society. Although Bangladesh had embraced a nationalistic approach after its independence, the discussion of this study highlighted recent changes in the English language policy initiatives in the country and the increasing use of English in different domains. The current emergence of English in Bangladesh resulted from internal and external forces, needs, and aspirations.
英语作为全球主要语言,作为交流、技术、学术、经济和娱乐的语言,其重要性是不可否认的。根据过去十年全国经济的稳定增长,孟加拉国在2016年世界银行发布的一份报告中被列为中低收入国家。鉴于这些事实,毫无疑问,英语在确保经济持续发展和培养符合国际标准并高度满足当地雇主需求的熟练劳动力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文的目的是将孟加拉国的情况置于英语作为外语(EFL)和英语作为通用语(ELF)的其他背景中,参考语言政策和规划相关事件之间的(非)相似性。这篇文章提供了一个详细的理解语言政策和规划孟加拉国作为一个后殖民社会。尽管孟加拉国在独立后采取了一种民族主义的做法,但本研究的讨论强调了该国英语语言政策举措的最新变化以及英语在不同领域的使用越来越多。当前英语在孟加拉国的兴起是内外部力量、需求和愿望的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Perfection as a concept of hyperbolisation in English promotional discourse: A multi-dimensional linguistic analysis 完善作为英语促销语篇中的一个夸张概念:多维语言学分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-4-50-61
Y. Filyasova
The article considers the descriptive attribute ‘perfect’ and its derivatives as a commonly used abstraction for creating persuasive emotional texts that encourage potential customers to make purchases and satisfy their needs. The study analyses the objects of reference, semantic field, and syntactic functions of the concept through the prism of its functioning in promotional brochures devoted to passenger automobiles belonging to 44 brands. The material included 115 brochures over the previous decade, 22,000 words of minimal contexts and 520 contextual occurrences of ‘perfect’ and its derivatives. The obtained results show that ‘perfect’ tends to reveal two meanings – excellence and compliance to a standard – which historically go back to its original meaning in Latin ‘per factum’ (made thoroughly). Over the period of the decade, there has been a shift from idealisation to practicality in the automotive industry under the influence of economic and environmental factors. The semantic mapping of contextual associative adjectives also indicates that ‘perfect’ is currently more oriented to highlighting practical utility of the cars rather than their excellence. In effect, such practical aspects as technological advancement, technicality, customisation, reliability, comfort, dynamics, style, noiselessness, sound, and price outnumber abstract qualities which express positive impressions, elevation, idealisation, and exaggeration of relevance, by 30%. Semantically, the concept ‘perfection’ follows the promotional principle of combining rational and emotional arguments. ‘Perfect’ is applicable to any car part – be it the exterior, interior or engine. The derivational paradigm has no limitations in syntactic distribution; however, in promotional discourse it typically occurs in nominative structures. The results contribute to the theoretical development of the linguistic worldview through the lens of valuable marketing concepts and can be practically useful in training professional writing skills to students specialising in PR and advertising and learning English for specific purposes.
本文认为描述性属性“完美”及其衍生品是一种常用的抽象,用于创建有说服力的情感文本,鼓励潜在客户进行购买并满足他们的需求。本研究以44个品牌的乘用车宣传手册为例,分析了该概念的所指对象、语义场和句法功能。这些材料包括过去十年的115本小册子,22000个单词的基本语境,520个“完美”及其衍生词的语境出现。得到的结果表明,“完美”倾向于揭示两种含义——卓越和符合标准——历史上可以追溯到拉丁语“per factum”(彻底)的原始含义。在过去的十年中,在经济和环境因素的影响下,汽车行业已经从理想化转向实用性。上下文关联形容词的语义映射也表明,“完美”目前更倾向于强调汽车的实用性,而不是它们的卓越性。实际上,诸如技术进步、技术性、定制化、可靠性、舒适性、动力学、风格、无噪音、声音和价格等实际方面比那些表达积极印象、提升、理想化和夸大相关性的抽象品质多30%。从语义上讲,“完美”这个概念遵循理性与情感相结合的促进原则。“完美”适用于任何汽车部件——无论是外部、内部还是发动机。衍生范式在句法分布上没有限制;然而,在促进语篇中,它通常出现在主格结构中。这些结果有助于通过有价值的市场营销概念的视角来发展语言世界观的理论,对于培养公关和广告专业学生的专业写作技能以及为特定目的学习英语具有实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Croatian EFL learners’ collocational competence: Congruent and incongruent collocations 克罗地亚语学习者的搭配能力:一致搭配与不一致搭配
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-9-31
Jakob Patekar, Nataša Košuta
The paper describes Croatian EFL learners’ collocational competence with regard to congruent and incongruent collocations. Congruent collocations are those which express the same meaning in both languages with similar lexical components, whereby a direct translation from L1 into L2 produces an appropriate collocation. On the other hand, incongruent collocations use different lexical components in the two languages to express the same meaning and a direct translation from L1 into L2 most likely produces an error. Based on this difference between the two types of collocations, the hypothesis is that participants would be more successful in producing congruent as opposed to incongruent collocations due to a positive crosslinguistic influence. To test the hypothesis, 175 Croatian high school students at different year levels (ages 15-18) were tested by using a 22-item task in which they were asked to translate collocations from L1 Croatian into L2 English. The results show that students were more successful in producing congruent than incongruent collocations, and their collocational competence grew with year level and the number of foreign languages spoken.
本文从完全搭配和不完全搭配两个方面描述了克罗地亚语学习者的搭配能力。一致搭配是指在两种语言中表达相同的意思,但词汇成分相似的搭配,从第一语言直接翻译到第二语言,就会产生适当的搭配。另一方面,不一致的搭配在两种语言中使用不同的词汇成分来表达相同的意思,从第一语言直接翻译成第二语言很可能会产生错误。基于这两种搭配的差异,假设是由于积极的跨语言影响,参与者会更成功地产生一致的搭配,而不是不一致的搭配。为了验证这一假设,175名不同年级(15-18岁)的克罗地亚高中生接受了一项22项任务的测试,该任务要求他们将母语克罗地亚语的搭配翻译成第二语言英语。结果表明,学生的搭配能力随年级和外语使用数量的增加而增加,且在产生一致搭配方面比产生不一致搭配更成功。
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引用次数: 2
Pondering on the ways to enhance university reputation 关于提高大学声誉的思考
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-45-54
Y. Ebzeeva, Natalia M. Dugalich
The article describes positive experience of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), which has risen significantly in QS World University Rankings, both in the overall assessment and in the subject ranking. The authors provide factual material and give recommendations for a step-by-step strategy for reorganising educational and scientific activities of the university with a view to increasing the quality of education services, which include the allocation of priority areas; application of new forms of work; development of image strategies in the field of scientific activity and cooperation with employers. The study is based on the analysis of the methodology of the world’s leading rankings. It also focuses on the implementation of the road map of RUDN University and other Russian universities. To reveal best practices, the authors break down the activities of RUDN University while implementing the 5-100 programme and other activities with a view to promoting the university in international university rankings and enhancing its reputation. Study results suggest that the most important steps in determining the direction in the development of the university are the selection of priority areas of activity, organisation of new forms of work, the attraction of leading international and Russian scientists in a certain field of activity for cooperation, the support and development of scientific projects, cooperation with scientific, educational, practical and industrial organisations in Russia and the world, development and implementation of a number of image strategies in the field of scientific activity, and working with employers to organise internships and further employment of university graduates.
文章描述了俄罗斯人民友谊大学(RUDN大学)的积极经验,无论是在综合评估还是在学科排名上,它在QS世界大学排名中都有显著上升。作者提供了事实材料,并为逐步重组大学的教育和科学活动提供了建议,以提高教育服务的质量,其中包括优先领域的分配;新工作形式的应用;在科学活动和与雇主合作领域制定形象战略。这项研究是基于对世界领先大学排名方法的分析。它还侧重于实施俄罗斯人民政治大学和其他俄罗斯大学的路线图。为了揭示最佳实践,作者分析了中国人民解放军大学在实施5-100计划和其他活动时的活动,以提高大学在国际大学排名和提高其声誉。研究结果表明,确定大学发展方向的最重要步骤是选择优先活动领域,组织新的工作形式,吸引国际和俄罗斯在某一活动领域的顶尖科学家进行合作,支持和发展科学项目,与俄罗斯和世界各地的科学、教育、实践和工业组织开展合作。在科学活动领域制定和实施一系列形象战略,并与雇主合作组织大学毕业生的实习和进一步就业。
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引用次数: 0
Inconsistency of translating medical abbreviations and acronyms into the Arabic language 将医学缩略语和首字母缩略词翻译成阿拉伯语的不一致
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-67-77
Siddig Mohammed
The paper identifies the challenges of translating variants of medical documents that include acronyms and abbreviations, which are standard in medicine, pharmacology, and healthcare contexts and documents, thus intending to examine the inconsistency of abbreviation and acronym use in a medical context. The study adopts the descriptive approach to investigate the inconsistency of medical abbreviations in English that include multiple medical meanings/versions of acronyms and abbreviations to be translated into Arabic. The samples considered in this study are documents frequently utilised in the medical context in hospitals, including graphic signs, medical reports, admission forms, and prescriptions. The documents included 18 medical abbreviations and acronyms to be translated from English into Arabic. The results revealed that the abbreviations and acronyms used in medical documents showed a discrepancy in the translation, and many versions of translations are possible. Therefore, the findings underpinned the main challenges of translating acronyms and abbreviations from English as a source language into Arabic as a target language and the consequentiality of training for the medical translators to overcome these challenges. The study concludes that medical abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms are more frequent and multi-version and lack consistency in several documents, including medical reports, resulting in many challenges. This may also lead to erroneous versions in translation. Thus, it is recommended translators’ vigilance be raised to overcome the obstacles that impede translation accuracy.
本文确定了翻译包括医学、药理学和医疗保健环境和文件中标准的首字母缩写和缩写在内的医学文件变体所面临的挑战,从而旨在检查医学环境中缩写和首字母缩写使用的不一致性。本研究采用描述性的方法来研究英文医学缩略语的不一致性,其中包括多个缩略语和缩略语的医学含义/版本翻译成阿拉伯语。本研究中考虑的样本是医院医疗环境中经常使用的文件,包括图形标志、医疗报告、住院表和处方。这些文件包括18个医学缩略语和首字母缩略词,将从英语翻译成阿拉伯语。结果表明,医学文献中使用的缩略语和首字母缩略词在翻译中存在差异,并且可能存在多种翻译版本。因此,研究结果支持了将英语作为源语言的首字母缩写词翻译成阿拉伯语作为目标语言的主要挑战,以及对医学翻译人员进行培训以克服这些挑战的重要性。该研究得出结论,医学缩略语、首字母缩略词和首字母缩略词更频繁,多版本,在包括医学报告在内的一些文件中缺乏一致性,导致许多挑战。这也可能导致翻译中的错误版本。因此,建议译者提高警惕,克服影响翻译准确性的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Technical, psychological and behavioural aspects of teaching EFL and ESP university courses online: A case study of the 2020-2021 curriculum 英语和ESP在线大学课程教学的技术、心理和行为方面:2020-2021年课程案例研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-32-44
E. V. Ryazanova, S. B. Dekterev
Taking measures against the coronavirus pandemic in 2020-2021 many universities all over the world had to transform their formal classes into distance or online courses. The article deals with the issues of online EFL and ESP teaching and the learning process in distance format under an instructor’s supervision. The research is based on the feedback data of the survey conducted for the Political Science students who were taking up the English language university course online in the 2020-2021 curriculum instead of formal classes. The aim of the research was to reveal the technical, psychological and behavioural aspects of English language distance learning in a virtual MS Teams classroom as well as to analyse the students’ self-assessment of the efficiency and results of the distance EFL course. Applying quantitative and qualitative data analyses together with the method of involved observation, the authors arrive at conclusions concerning the still existing technical problems preventing students from working effectively, the disruptive character of certain psychological and behavioural patterns in a virtual classroom, as well as discrepancies between the amount of effort students put into their work and their academic achievements. Study results show both the drawbacks of the distance online format compared to the traditional formal classroom and the possibilities of effective implementation of distance forms of education at some stages of the English language educational process or within particular modules of the curriculum.
为应对2020-2021年冠状病毒大流行,世界各地的许多大学不得不将其正式课程转变为远程或在线课程。本文探讨了英语和ESP在线教学的问题,以及教师监督下的远程学习过程。该研究是根据对在2020-2021年课程中选择在线英语大学课程而不是正式课程的政治学学生进行调查的反馈数据进行的。该研究的目的是揭示在虚拟MS Teams教室中远程英语学习的技术、心理和行为方面,并分析学生对远程英语课程的效率和结果的自我评估。作者运用定量和定性的数据分析,结合参与观察的方法,得出以下结论:仍然存在阻碍学生有效学习的技术问题,虚拟课堂中某些心理和行为模式的破坏性特征,以及学生投入的努力量与学业成绩之间的差异。研究结果表明,与传统的正式课堂相比,远程在线形式的缺点以及在英语语言教育过程的某些阶段或在课程的特定模块中有效实施远程教育形式的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging intercultural discomforts: Intercultural communicative competence through digital storytelling 挑战跨文化不适:通过数字讲故事的跨文化交际能力
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-78-88
Monika Hrebackova, M. Štefl
Discomfort perceived by speakers in intercultural situations becomes one of the main psychological factors which makes speakers give up attempts at communication and may result in frustration or inefficient communication. The article discusses the pedagogical potential of digital storytelling, understood as multimodal pedagogy that encourages creative expression and self-representation, as a tool for challenging and mitigating perceived communicational and intercultural discomfort within the context of intercultural competence development and training. The authors argue that collaborative digital storytelling in multicultural teams raises intercultural awareness by creating a safe, structured, and facilitated (virtual) space for students to develop their ability to interact with people from another country and culture in a foreign language and represents a viable tool of challenging and overcoming intercultural discomfort by providing an opportunity for repeated intercultural interaction through negotiation of meaning and intersubjective construction of knowledge as well as by providing motivating real-life context for students’ work. In supporting dialogic and constructivist approaches to educational practice, digital storytelling is fully equipped to provide a viable alternative to direct instruction and transmissive models of teaching. In addition to this, by providing a digital element, digital storytelling allows students to reflect on the culturally as well as technologically mediated nature of communication.
在跨文化交际情境中,说话者的不适感成为说话者放弃交际尝试的主要心理因素之一,可能导致交际受挫或低效。本文讨论了数字叙事的教学潜力,被理解为鼓励创造性表达和自我表现的多模态教学法,在跨文化能力发展和培训的背景下,作为挑战和减轻感知到的交流和跨文化不适的工具。作者认为,多元文化团队中的协作式数字故事通过创造安全、结构化、促进(虚拟)空间为学生发展他们与来自另一个国家和文化的人用外语互动的能力,代表了一个可行的挑战和克服跨文化不适的工具,通过意义的协商和知识的主体间建构提供了重复跨文化互动的机会,并为学生的工作提供了激励的现实生活背景。在支持对话和建构主义教育实践方法方面,数字讲故事完全可以为直接教学和传播教学模式提供一种可行的替代方案。除此之外,通过提供数字元素,数字讲故事可以让学生反思文化和技术媒介的沟通本质。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical and applied perspectives on teaching foreign languages in multilingual settings: Pedagogical implications (a review) 多语环境下外语教学的理论与应用视角:教学意义(综述)
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.22363/2521-442x-2022-6-3-89-91
Maurice Cassidy, E. Madinyan
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引用次数: 0
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Training, Language and Culture
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