Balaji Rajasekaran, Meena Ramanathan, A. Bhavanani, R. Karri
Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is a global health concern that causes a significant disease burden, with harmful alcohol use responsible for 2.5 million deaths annually. Stress is a known trigger for alcohol relapse, and effective management of stress can improve treatment outcomes in individuals with ADS. This randomized control study evaluated the effects of adjuvant yoga therapy on craving and perceived stress in 80 individuals with ADS undergoing deaddiction treatment. The yoga group received yoga therapy three times a week for 2 months in addition to medical management, while the control group received standard medical treatment. The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale were administered before and after the study period. The yoga group had significantly lower levels of alcohol craving (P < 0.001) and perceived stress (P < 0.001) as compared to the control group. Changes in those receiving additional yoga were more pronounced, and the intergroup differences were highly significant. Yoga induces a sense of self-discipline and relaxation, which may have contributed to these positive changes. Yoga therapy may be a valuable adjunct to deaddiction therapy for individuals with ADS, offering a cost-effective and safe nonpharmacological modality to reduce craving and perceived stress. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of yoga therapy on alcohol craving and stress in individuals with ADS.
{"title":"Effects of adjuvant yoga therapy on craving and perceived stress in alcohol dependence syndrome: A randomized control study","authors":"Balaji Rajasekaran, Meena Ramanathan, A. Bhavanani, R. Karri","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_83_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_83_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is a global health concern that causes a significant disease burden, with harmful alcohol use responsible for 2.5 million deaths annually. Stress is a known trigger for alcohol relapse, and effective management of stress can improve treatment outcomes in individuals with ADS.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This randomized control study evaluated the effects of adjuvant yoga therapy on craving and perceived stress in 80 individuals with ADS undergoing deaddiction treatment. The yoga group received yoga therapy three times a week for 2 months in addition to medical management, while the control group received standard medical treatment. The Alcohol Craving Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale were administered before and after the study period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The yoga group had significantly lower levels of alcohol craving (P < 0.001) and perceived stress (P < 0.001) as compared to the control group. Changes in those receiving additional yoga were more pronounced, and the intergroup differences were highly significant. Yoga induces a sense of self-discipline and relaxation, which may have contributed to these positive changes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Yoga therapy may be a valuable adjunct to deaddiction therapy for individuals with ADS, offering a cost-effective and safe nonpharmacological modality to reduce craving and perceived stress. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of yoga therapy on alcohol craving and stress in individuals with ADS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Masmoudi, Mariem Abdelkefi, S. Hentati, R. Jbir, Jawaher Masmoudi
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in a sample of medical students and to examine the relationship between ON, self-esteem, and perceived stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax (Tunisia). Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. We collected their sociodemographic and clinical data. ON was assessed using the self-reported scale, ORTO-15. We used the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess self-esteem and the level of perceived stress, respectively. Ninety-five medical students (75 [78.9%] females and 20 [21.1%] males) were included in the study. The mean age was 25.9 ± 3.3 years. A history of psychiatric disorders was reported by 17 (17.9%) of participants, 26 (27.4%) tried to control their weight, and 39 (41.1%) were physically active. We found a tendency for ON in 49 (51.6%) participants. The mean scores were 39.19 ± 4.48 for the ORTHO-15 scale, 29.74 ± 6.59 for the Self-Esteem Scale, and 21.25 ± 6.79 for the PSS. Orthorexia was significantly correlated with the use of weight control methods (P = 0.03), physical activity (P = 0.04), and history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.04). Neither self-esteem (P = 0.1) nor the level of perceived stress (P = 0.5) was associated with ON. Our study found a high prevalence of orthorexic behaviors in medical students. No association was found between ON and self-esteem and perceived stress. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to identify the risk factors of ON.
{"title":"Orthorexia nervosa among Tunisian medical students: Relationships with self-esteem and stress","authors":"R. Masmoudi, Mariem Abdelkefi, S. Hentati, R. Jbir, Jawaher Masmoudi","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_136_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_136_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in a sample of medical students and to examine the relationship between ON, self-esteem, and perceived stress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax (Tunisia). Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. We collected their sociodemographic and clinical data. ON was assessed using the self-reported scale, ORTO-15. We used the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess self-esteem and the level of perceived stress, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ninety-five medical students (75 [78.9%] females and 20 [21.1%] males) were included in the study. The mean age was 25.9 ± 3.3 years. A history of psychiatric disorders was reported by 17 (17.9%) of participants, 26 (27.4%) tried to control their weight, and 39 (41.1%) were physically active. We found a tendency for ON in 49 (51.6%) participants. The mean scores were 39.19 ± 4.48 for the ORTHO-15 scale, 29.74 ± 6.59 for the Self-Esteem Scale, and 21.25 ± 6.79 for the PSS. Orthorexia was significantly correlated with the use of weight control methods (P = 0.03), physical activity (P = 0.04), and history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.04). Neither self-esteem (P = 0.1) nor the level of perceived stress (P = 0.5) was associated with ON.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study found a high prevalence of orthorexic behaviors in medical students. No association was found between ON and self-esteem and perceived stress. Further clinical and longitudinal studies are needed to identify the risk factors of ON.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akkidasu Chandana, Archana Vinnakota, Vijayagopal Mopidevi, B. Arpitha, A. Sravani, M. Tejesh
Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by a relentless, uncomfortable intrusive thought pattern, stereotyped behavior, and an extreme worry about maintaining a healthy diet that pulls all consideration to food. This compulsive behavior may affect daily functioning. Medical complications of orthorexic behavior include malnutrition, anemia, digestion problems, electrolyte, hormonal imbalance, severe weight loss and excessive anxiety. Like other eating disorders, this condition causes many psychological and medical complications, and research in this area is limited. Therefore, the reason for conducting this research was to determine the prevalence and severity of ON in medical students. To determine the prevalence of ON in the 263 research samples, to compare prevalence among undergraduates and postgraduates, and to determine the association between demographic variables and a 15 item questionnare for diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa ORTO-15 scores. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ON on the ORTO-15 scale among medical students. Sociodemographic details such as age, gender, body mass index, and level of physical activity were obtained from the study sample. ON was prevalent in 29.86% of the study population (ORTO-15 score ≥40). Females had more tendency than males. ON was more prevalent in postgraduates and undergraduates, with a prevalence of 26.7% and 26.98%, respectively. Eating habits and ORTO-15 scores had a significant association. The propensity for ON is widespread among medical students. Increased knowledge of nutritious eating will aid in problem prevention.
{"title":"Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among medical students of South India","authors":"Akkidasu Chandana, Archana Vinnakota, Vijayagopal Mopidevi, B. Arpitha, A. Sravani, M. Tejesh","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_49_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_49_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by a relentless, uncomfortable intrusive thought pattern, stereotyped behavior, and an extreme worry about maintaining a healthy diet that pulls all consideration to food. This compulsive behavior may affect daily functioning. Medical complications of orthorexic behavior include malnutrition, anemia, digestion problems, electrolyte, hormonal imbalance, severe weight loss and excessive anxiety. Like other eating disorders, this condition causes many psychological and medical complications, and research in this area is limited. Therefore, the reason for conducting this research was to determine the prevalence and severity of ON in medical students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To determine the prevalence of ON in the 263 research samples, to compare prevalence among undergraduates and postgraduates, and to determine the association between demographic variables and a 15 item questionnare for diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa ORTO-15 scores.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ON on the ORTO-15 scale among medical students. Sociodemographic details such as age, gender, body mass index, and level of physical activity were obtained from the study sample.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ON was prevalent in 29.86% of the study population (ORTO-15 score ≥40). Females had more tendency than males. ON was more prevalent in postgraduates and undergraduates, with a prevalence of 26.7% and 26.98%, respectively. Eating habits and ORTO-15 scores had a significant association.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The propensity for ON is widespread among medical students. Increased knowledge of nutritious eating will aid in problem prevention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: Sexual offense has been defined as sexual contact with another person (including touching of the sexual organs of another) or touching of another person with one’s sexual organs without that person’s consent. Adverse childhood experiences could lead to health problems, behavioral problems, and psychosocial problems like crimes. Aims: The aim is to study adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology of imprisoned sexual offenders. Materials and Methods: A sample of 48 sexual offenders from a central prison and after taking informed consent, a semi-structured intake pro forma was used, followed by that adverse childhood experiences–international questionnaire, Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview-7.0.2 were applied. Results: It was found that the majority of the offenders had experienced adversities in their childhood, the most common being community violence and physical abuse, emotional neglect. Half of the participants had antisocial personality disorder. A statistically significant relationship was found between adverse childhood experiences score and number of offenses committed ( P = 0.002). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the presence of adverse childhood experiences could affect physical, mental health in adulthood, and increase crimes.
{"title":"A study of adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology of imprisoned sexual offenders at a central prison, Hyderabad, Telangana","authors":"Shruti Agnihotri, Anitha Ravirala, M. Umashankar","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_46_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_46_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Sexual offense has been defined as sexual contact with another person (including touching of the sexual organs of another) or touching of another person with one’s sexual organs without that person’s consent. Adverse childhood experiences could lead to health problems, behavioral problems, and psychosocial problems like crimes. Aims: The aim is to study adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology of imprisoned sexual offenders. Materials and Methods: A sample of 48 sexual offenders from a central prison and after taking informed consent, a semi-structured intake pro forma was used, followed by that adverse childhood experiences–international questionnaire, Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview-7.0.2 were applied. Results: It was found that the majority of the offenders had experienced adversities in their childhood, the most common being community violence and physical abuse, emotional neglect. Half of the participants had antisocial personality disorder. A statistically significant relationship was found between adverse childhood experiences score and number of offenses committed ( P = 0.002). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the presence of adverse childhood experiences could affect physical, mental health in adulthood, and increase crimes.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: Exam anxiety is characterized by a combination of bodily symptoms, such as overarousal, tension, and somatic symptoms; mental symptoms, such as concern, dread, and fear of failing; and physical symptoms, similar to catastrophizing. According to recent research, test anxiety affects anywhere between 25% and 40% of students. Self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, emotional support, venting, humor, acceptance, self-blame, religion, active coping, the use of instrumental support, positive reframing, and planning have all been claimed to be successful coping mechanisms. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the test anxiety levels and related coping strategies in medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital were included between September 2022 and January 2023. The students who consented to participate in the study were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaire consisting of parts on sociodemographic profile, Westside Test Anxiety Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale. Results: Males had 38.1%, 35.7%, and 26.7% of average, moderate, and high levels of test anxiety and females reported of 43.8%, 34.4%, and 21.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Academic factors are greater perceived cause of anxiety in medical students. Interventions must be developed and implemented to target particular stressors to reduce the burden and anxiety on students from the 1 st year itself. Early screening and interventions of test anxiety among medical students were warranted.
{"title":"Prevalence of test anxiety and their related coping strategies in medical students – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ramya Spandana Tata, Bommanaboina Ramya, Vijayagopal Mopidevi","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_48_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_48_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Exam anxiety is characterized by a combination of bodily symptoms, such as overarousal, tension, and somatic symptoms; mental symptoms, such as concern, dread, and fear of failing; and physical symptoms, similar to catastrophizing. According to recent research, test anxiety affects anywhere between 25% and 40% of students. Self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, emotional support, venting, humor, acceptance, self-blame, religion, active coping, the use of instrumental support, positive reframing, and planning have all been claimed to be successful coping mechanisms. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the test anxiety levels and related coping strategies in medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital were included between September 2022 and January 2023. The students who consented to participate in the study were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaire consisting of parts on sociodemographic profile, Westside Test Anxiety Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Scale. Results: Males had 38.1%, 35.7%, and 26.7% of average, moderate, and high levels of test anxiety and females reported of 43.8%, 34.4%, and 21.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Academic factors are greater perceived cause of anxiety in medical students. Interventions must be developed and implemented to target particular stressors to reduce the burden and anxiety on students from the 1 st year itself. Early screening and interventions of test anxiety among medical students were warranted.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"7 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) disrupts cortisol biosynthesis, which may cause genital ambiguity in females. Caring for children with genital ambiguity creates parental distress. Common stress parameters include biological (e.g., serotonin cortisol) and psychological (e.g., Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale [DASS] scores). This study elaborated parental stress parameter differences among parents of CAH children with and without genital ambiguity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 34 fathers and 44 mothers of children with CAH. All participants agreed to fill in the DASS-42 and socioeconomic questionnaire. Morning serum serotonin and cortisol samples were examined using the enzyme-linked immune-absorbent assay technique. Results: The median (minimum–maximum) value of serotonin concentration was lower in fathers compared to mothers (281.18 [78.44–122.91] ng/ml vs. 399.78 [122.91–1050.0] ng/ml, P = 0.11); in parents of children with genital ambiguity (292.22 [78.44–1050.00] ng/ml vs. 426.71 [150.78–1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.01); and in parents of children with a diagnosis time <1 year (225.00 [93.41–570.33] ng/ml vs. 371.815 [78.44–1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.046). Higher cortisol concentration was observed in parents of children with diagnosis time <1 year (78.65 [50.89–126.89] ng/ml vs. 63.33 [6.14–283.67] ng/ml, P = 0.046). The proportion of depression was 24.4%, anxiety 45.1%, and stress 21.8%. Conclusion: Fathers, parents of children with genital ambiguity, and being recently diagnosed had lower serum serotonin levels. Parents of recently diagnosed children had higher cortisol levels. Anxiety was more common than depression and stress.
摘要简介:先天性肾上腺增生(CAH)破坏皮质醇的生物合成，这可能导致女性生殖器模糊。照顾生殖器模糊的孩子会给父母带来痛苦。常见的压力参数包括生物(如血清素皮质醇)和心理(如抑郁、焦虑和压力量表[DASS]分数)。本研究详细阐述了有和没有生殖器模糊的CAH患儿父母压力参数的差异。方法:本横断面研究包括34名父亲和44名母亲的儿童CAH。所有参与者同意填写das -42和社会经济问卷。采用酶联免疫吸收测定技术检测晨间血清血清5 -羟色胺和皮质醇样品。结果:父亲血清素浓度中位数(最小-最大)值低于母亲(281.18 [78.44-122.91]ng/ml vs. 399.78 [122.91-1050.0] ng/ml, P = 0.11);生殖器模糊患儿家长(292.22 [78.44-1050.00]ng/ml vs. 426.71 [150.78-1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.01);诊断时间为1年的患儿家长(225.00 [93.41 ~ 570.33]ng/ml vs. 371.815 [78.44 ~ 1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.046)。诊断时间为1年的患儿家长皮质醇浓度较高(78.65 [50.89-126.89]ng/ml vs. 63.33 [6.14-283.67] ng/ml, P = 0.046)。抑郁占24.4%，焦虑占45.1%，压力占21.8%。结论:父亲、生殖器模糊患儿家长及新近确诊者血清血清素水平较低。刚确诊的孩子的父母皮质醇水平更高。焦虑比抑郁和压力更常见。
{"title":"Parental stress parameter difference after caring for congenital adrenal hyperplasia children with genital ambiguity","authors":"Fanti Saktini, Alifiati Fitrikasari, Hang Gunawan Asikin, Elly Noerhidajati, Agustini Utari","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_34_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_34_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) disrupts cortisol biosynthesis, which may cause genital ambiguity in females. Caring for children with genital ambiguity creates parental distress. Common stress parameters include biological (e.g., serotonin cortisol) and psychological (e.g., Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale [DASS] scores). This study elaborated parental stress parameter differences among parents of CAH children with and without genital ambiguity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 34 fathers and 44 mothers of children with CAH. All participants agreed to fill in the DASS-42 and socioeconomic questionnaire. Morning serum serotonin and cortisol samples were examined using the enzyme-linked immune-absorbent assay technique. Results: The median (minimum–maximum) value of serotonin concentration was lower in fathers compared to mothers (281.18 [78.44–122.91] ng/ml vs. 399.78 [122.91–1050.0] ng/ml, P = 0.11); in parents of children with genital ambiguity (292.22 [78.44–1050.00] ng/ml vs. 426.71 [150.78–1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.01); and in parents of children with a diagnosis time <1 year (225.00 [93.41–570.33] ng/ml vs. 371.815 [78.44–1050.00] ng/ml, P = 0.046). Higher cortisol concentration was observed in parents of children with diagnosis time <1 year (78.65 [50.89–126.89] ng/ml vs. 63.33 [6.14–283.67] ng/ml, P = 0.046). The proportion of depression was 24.4%, anxiety 45.1%, and stress 21.8%. Conclusion: Fathers, parents of children with genital ambiguity, and being recently diagnosed had lower serum serotonin levels. Parents of recently diagnosed children had higher cortisol levels. Anxiety was more common than depression and stress.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"7 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: The symptom profile of schizophrenia is related to the regional cerebral circulations as advocated in various studies. Cannabis dependence in schizophrenia is more common than in the general population. Previous studies comparing the frontal lobe function in schizophrenia with and without comorbid cannabis dependence have shown conflicting results. In this study, we compared the blood flow in the frontal lobes of patients of schizophrenia with and without comorbid cannabis dependence. Aim of the Study: The aim was to compare the blood flow in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), in patients of schizophrenia with and without cannabis dependence. Materials and Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria 28 patients of schizophrenia with cannabis dependence and 28 patients of schizophrenia without cannabis dependence were selected for the study. The blood flow was assessed using Trans-cranial Doppler (TCD) in the ACA and MCA of the left and right sides in both the study groups through the temporal window. Results: A statistically significant difference ( P = 0.049) was found in the pulsatility index of the left ACA where it was lower in schizophrenia patients with cannabis dependence (0.97 ± 0.24) in comparison to schizophrenia patients without co-morbid cannabis dependence (1.11 ± 0.28). However, after using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ( P < 0.05/12 i.e., P < 0.004), this comparative statistics too lost its significance. No significant difference was found in the mean flow velocity and resistance index of frontal lobe circulation between the two groups. Conclusion: Chronic cannabis use is having some sparing effect on vascular resistance in the frontal circulation of schizophrenia patients. However, this effect is not significant enough to alter the pattern of frontal circulation.
{"title":"Frontal lobe circulation in patients of schizophrenia with and without cannabis dependence: A comparative study","authors":"Soumya Ranjan Dash, Amrit Pattojoshi, Amiya Krushna Sahu, Surjeet Sahoo","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_117_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The symptom profile of schizophrenia is related to the regional cerebral circulations as advocated in various studies. Cannabis dependence in schizophrenia is more common than in the general population. Previous studies comparing the frontal lobe function in schizophrenia with and without comorbid cannabis dependence have shown conflicting results. In this study, we compared the blood flow in the frontal lobes of patients of schizophrenia with and without comorbid cannabis dependence. Aim of the Study: The aim was to compare the blood flow in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), in patients of schizophrenia with and without cannabis dependence. Materials and Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. After fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria 28 patients of schizophrenia with cannabis dependence and 28 patients of schizophrenia without cannabis dependence were selected for the study. The blood flow was assessed using Trans-cranial Doppler (TCD) in the ACA and MCA of the left and right sides in both the study groups through the temporal window. Results: A statistically significant difference ( P = 0.049) was found in the pulsatility index of the left ACA where it was lower in schizophrenia patients with cannabis dependence (0.97 ± 0.24) in comparison to schizophrenia patients without co-morbid cannabis dependence (1.11 ± 0.28). However, after using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ( P < 0.05/12 i.e., P < 0.004), this comparative statistics too lost its significance. No significant difference was found in the mean flow velocity and resistance index of frontal lobe circulation between the two groups. Conclusion: Chronic cannabis use is having some sparing effect on vascular resistance in the frontal circulation of schizophrenia patients. However, this effect is not significant enough to alter the pattern of frontal circulation.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a revolutionary fusion of computer science and human-like problem-solving capabilities. In medicine, AI promises transformative changes, automating medical documentation, streamlining health insurance processes, and enhancing medical image analysis. The rising prevalence of mental illness across the world underscores the need for AI in psychiatry, where innovative approaches, such as speech analysis and real-time mental health assessments, are emerging. However, challenges loom. AI’s performance in radiology remains inconsistent. Biased training data, workflow disruptions, and a lack of validation standards pose hurdles. Speech recognition systems suffer from word errors, impacting clinical notes’ accuracy. The black-box nature of AI algorithms and their opacity in clinical settings require attention, particularly in safeguarding patient safety. Establishing guidelines for responsible AI use in mental health, addressing confidentiality, and handling critical situations is crucial. In conclusion, while AI holds immense promise in revolutionizing psychiatry and medicine, recognizing and addressing its challenges is imperative for its responsible and effective integration into clinical practice.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in psychiatry, present trends, and challenges: An updated review","authors":"Vijaya Chandra Reddy Avula, Sridhar Amalakanti","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_167_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_167_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a revolutionary fusion of computer science and human-like problem-solving capabilities. In medicine, AI promises transformative changes, automating medical documentation, streamlining health insurance processes, and enhancing medical image analysis. The rising prevalence of mental illness across the world underscores the need for AI in psychiatry, where innovative approaches, such as speech analysis and real-time mental health assessments, are emerging. However, challenges loom. AI’s performance in radiology remains inconsistent. Biased training data, workflow disruptions, and a lack of validation standards pose hurdles. Speech recognition systems suffer from word errors, impacting clinical notes’ accuracy. The black-box nature of AI algorithms and their opacity in clinical settings require attention, particularly in safeguarding patient safety. Establishing guidelines for responsible AI use in mental health, addressing confidentiality, and handling critical situations is crucial. In conclusion, while AI holds immense promise in revolutionizing psychiatry and medicine, recognizing and addressing its challenges is imperative for its responsible and effective integration into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepak Anil, D. Sunil Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Shivaswamy, Vanishri Arun, Arun Gopi, Deepika Yadav, Hari Prakash, M. R. Narayana Murthy
Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of many medical diseases that correlate with depression. This disease impacts several life implications due to its complications, ranging from economic burden to lifelong dependency. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a web-based model in improving the mental health status among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, southern India. Methodology: A 3-month quasi-experimental study was conducted among 545 T2DM patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, southern India. Patients were asked to use diabetes care (https://www.diabetes-care.co.in/), a website that can predict the risk for uncontrolled diabetes and recommends lifestyle changes. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items questionnaire was used to assess participants’ mental health at the beginning of the study and 3 months later. Results: Depression (moderate depression from 3.7% to 2% and severe depression from 0.4% to 0%), anxiety (severe anxiety from 1.3% to 0.2%), and stress (moderate stress from 5% to 0.7%). scores showed a reduction during post assessment period compared to the initial assessment. However, this difference was not statistically significant (<0.05). There was a negative correlation between all domains of quality of life (QoL) and depression, anxiety, and stress scores, implying that lower QoL scores were associated with more depression, anxiety, and stress scores and vice versa. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM using the web-based model that predicts the risk of uncontrolled diabetes and suggests lifestyle changes experienced an improvement in their mental health status 3 months’ postintervention.
{"title":"Web-based intervention in improving the mental health status among patients with type 2 diabetes in southern India","authors":"Deepak Anil, D. Sunil Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Shivaswamy, Vanishri Arun, Arun Gopi, Deepika Yadav, Hari Prakash, M. R. Narayana Murthy","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_89_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_89_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of many medical diseases that correlate with depression. This disease impacts several life implications due to its complications, ranging from economic burden to lifelong dependency. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a web-based model in improving the mental health status among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, southern India. Methodology: A 3-month quasi-experimental study was conducted among 545 T2DM patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, southern India. Patients were asked to use diabetes care (https://www.diabetes-care.co.in/), a website that can predict the risk for uncontrolled diabetes and recommends lifestyle changes. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items questionnaire was used to assess participants’ mental health at the beginning of the study and 3 months later. Results: Depression (moderate depression from 3.7% to 2% and severe depression from 0.4% to 0%), anxiety (severe anxiety from 1.3% to 0.2%), and stress (moderate stress from 5% to 0.7%). scores showed a reduction during post assessment period compared to the initial assessment. However, this difference was not statistically significant (<0.05). There was a negative correlation between all domains of quality of life (QoL) and depression, anxiety, and stress scores, implying that lower QoL scores were associated with more depression, anxiety, and stress scores and vice versa. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM using the web-based model that predicts the risk of uncontrolled diabetes and suggests lifestyle changes experienced an improvement in their mental health status 3 months’ postintervention.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Context: Psychosocial dysfunction is the dysfunction in the various psychosocial areas, such as personal, vocational/occupational, familial, and social, which ultimately depends on the cognitive functioning of an individual. Any disturbances and failure to adjust in one or more areas have a sufficient impact on the patient’s quality of life and daily living. For everyday living and maintaining a good quality of life, the influence of the level of dysfunction in different areas needs to be understood, and psychosocial interventions and rehabilitation programs must be designed accordingly to facilitate better psychosocial adjustment. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the psychosocial adjustment of individuals with Schizophrenia presenting at the psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the psychiatry OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Eligible subjects were aged between 18 and 65 years and diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases-10. Sociodemographic characteristics and current treatment details were obtained. The psychosocial adjustment was assessed using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-interview version. Results: Sixty subjects were included, all with some impairment in one or the other social functioning domain. The domain with the highest proportion of subjects showing marked/severe degrees of disability is the vocational environment. Moderate-to-severe impairment of functioning is seen in the domains of domestic environment, social environment, sexual relationship, and extended family relationships. In the health-care environment, mild impairment is seen among most subjects. Only mild psychological distress was found among those with impaired functioning in this domain. It was also found that individuals with mild adjustment problems had a shorter duration of illness. Variables that showed significant statistical associations ( P < 0.05) with poor/severe social adjustment were marital status and duration of illness. Age and Gender had a statistically significant association with psychosocial dysfunction in the social environment domain. Conclusion: This study shows that there is definite and substantial psychosocial dysfunction in definitive areas of personal, familial, social, and vocational spheres in patients with schizophrenia. Psychosocial interventions, along with antipsychotics, are needed to target these areas to improve the overall quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.
{"title":"A cross-sectional observational study to estimate the psychosocial adjustment in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Niveditha Vasireddy, Prabhath Koilada, Vaidyanath Gottumukkula, Vineesha Sathi","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_53_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_53_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context: Psychosocial dysfunction is the dysfunction in the various psychosocial areas, such as personal, vocational/occupational, familial, and social, which ultimately depends on the cognitive functioning of an individual. Any disturbances and failure to adjust in one or more areas have a sufficient impact on the patient’s quality of life and daily living. For everyday living and maintaining a good quality of life, the influence of the level of dysfunction in different areas needs to be understood, and psychosocial interventions and rehabilitation programs must be designed accordingly to facilitate better psychosocial adjustment. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the psychosocial adjustment of individuals with Schizophrenia presenting at the psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the psychiatry OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Eligible subjects were aged between 18 and 65 years and diagnosed with Schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases-10. Sociodemographic characteristics and current treatment details were obtained. The psychosocial adjustment was assessed using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-interview version. Results: Sixty subjects were included, all with some impairment in one or the other social functioning domain. The domain with the highest proportion of subjects showing marked/severe degrees of disability is the vocational environment. Moderate-to-severe impairment of functioning is seen in the domains of domestic environment, social environment, sexual relationship, and extended family relationships. In the health-care environment, mild impairment is seen among most subjects. Only mild psychological distress was found among those with impaired functioning in this domain. It was also found that individuals with mild adjustment problems had a shorter duration of illness. Variables that showed significant statistical associations ( P < 0.05) with poor/severe social adjustment were marital status and duration of illness. Age and Gender had a statistically significant association with psychosocial dysfunction in the social environment domain. Conclusion: This study shows that there is definite and substantial psychosocial dysfunction in definitive areas of personal, familial, social, and vocational spheres in patients with schizophrenia. Psychosocial interventions, along with antipsychotics, are needed to target these areas to improve the overall quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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