Context: Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a self-rated, easy-to-apply scale to measure psychological distress. The suitability of its use in treatment-seeking cancer patients in the clinical setup has not been studied. Aims: The aim was to assess the psychometric properties and associations of K10 with sociodemographic and clinical variables and depression levels in the cancer patients visiting the hospital. Settings and Design: The research was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study conducted in the oncology outpatient department of a public hospital. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from 155 cancer patients using semi-structured pro forma for sociodemographic and illness-related information. K10 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to quantify psychological distress and depression. Statistical Analysis Used: The factor structure of Kessler's 10-item scale was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated as a measure of internal consistency. Given the nonnormal distribution of quantitative data, nonparametric tests were used to analyze the association of K10 scores with sociodemographic and clinical variables and depression scores. Results: The K10 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.914) in the cancer patients. In confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling, the single-factor and two-factor models could not adequately fit across goodness-of-fit indices. There was a significant association between the levels of psychological distress and depression in cancer patients. Conclusion: K10, in its current form, is a reliable instrument to measure psychological distress. However, a need-based modification of the existing scale is required in treatment-seeking cancer patients.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in cancer patients","authors":"Manish N. Thakre, Harshal Sathe, M. Talapalliwar","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_104_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_104_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a self-rated, easy-to-apply scale to measure psychological distress. The suitability of its use in treatment-seeking cancer patients in the clinical setup has not been studied. Aims: The aim was to assess the psychometric properties and associations of K10 with sociodemographic and clinical variables and depression levels in the cancer patients visiting the hospital. Settings and Design: The research was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study conducted in the oncology outpatient department of a public hospital. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from 155 cancer patients using semi-structured pro forma for sociodemographic and illness-related information. K10 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to quantify psychological distress and depression. Statistical Analysis Used: The factor structure of Kessler's 10-item scale was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated as a measure of internal consistency. Given the nonnormal distribution of quantitative data, nonparametric tests were used to analyze the association of K10 scores with sociodemographic and clinical variables and depression scores. Results: The K10 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.914) in the cancer patients. In confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling, the single-factor and two-factor models could not adequately fit across goodness-of-fit indices. There was a significant association between the levels of psychological distress and depression in cancer patients. Conclusion: K10, in its current form, is a reliable instrument to measure psychological distress. However, a need-based modification of the existing scale is required in treatment-seeking cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48280532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Experimental studies have reported increased theta activity and reduced beta activity on electroencephalography (EEG), although theta wave tends to appear during meditative, drowsy, hypnotic, or sleeping states. Aims: We aimed to study EEG changes in children with significant severity of ADHD. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was designed for the children with ADHD presenting to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD) of IHBAS. Methodology: A total of 33 ADHD children in the age group of 5–12 years attending OPD were included in the study after qualifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. DSM-5 criteria were used to make the diagnosis of ADHD and severity was assessed using Conners' Rating Scale-Revised Parent short version. The children with more than 50% score on the Conners Scale were included in the study. The quantification of the recorded EEG was done using Fast Fourier Transformation by New Natus NeuroWorks computer software. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Around 3/4th of participants in the study showed elevated theta: beta ratio results on qEEG. Conclusions: Although ADHD is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, children with ADHD showed marked elevated theta: beta ratio indicating raised slow-wave changes in cortical activity, thus concluding quantitative EEG as a promising biomarker in children with ADHD.
背景:注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)以注意力不集中、多动和冲动为特征。实验研究报告了脑电图(EEG)上的θ波活动增加和β波活动减少，尽管θ波倾向于在冥想、昏昏欲睡、催眠或睡眠状态下出现。目的:我们旨在研究严重ADHD儿童的脑电图变化。背景和设计:一项横断面研究是为在IHBAS儿童和青少年精神病学门诊(OPD)就诊的ADHD儿童设计的。方法:在符合研究的纳入和排除标准后，共有33名5-12岁的ADHD儿童在OPD就诊。采用DSM-5标准对ADHD进行诊断，并采用Conners评定量表-修订家长简短版对ADHD的严重程度进行评估。康纳斯量表得分在50%以上的儿童被纳入研究。用New Natus NeuroWorks软件对记录的脑电图进行快速傅立叶变换定量分析。统计分析:采用SPSS 23.0版本对数据进行分析。结果:大约3/4的参与者在qEEG上显示出高的θ: β比值。结论:尽管ADHD以注意力不集中、多动和冲动为特征，但ADHD儿童的theta: beta比明显升高，表明皮层活动的慢波变化增加，因此定量脑电图是一种有希望的ADHD儿童生物标志物。
{"title":"Quantitative electroencephalography – A promising biomarker in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Mini Sharma, Manoj Kumar, S. Kushwaha, D. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Experimental studies have reported increased theta activity and reduced beta activity on electroencephalography (EEG), although theta wave tends to appear during meditative, drowsy, hypnotic, or sleeping states. Aims: We aimed to study EEG changes in children with significant severity of ADHD. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was designed for the children with ADHD presenting to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD) of IHBAS. Methodology: A total of 33 ADHD children in the age group of 5–12 years attending OPD were included in the study after qualifying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. DSM-5 criteria were used to make the diagnosis of ADHD and severity was assessed using Conners' Rating Scale-Revised Parent short version. The children with more than 50% score on the Conners Scale were included in the study. The quantification of the recorded EEG was done using Fast Fourier Transformation by New Natus NeuroWorks computer software. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Around 3/4th of participants in the study showed elevated theta: beta ratio results on qEEG. Conclusions: Although ADHD is marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, children with ADHD showed marked elevated theta: beta ratio indicating raised slow-wave changes in cortical activity, thus concluding quantitative EEG as a promising biomarker in children with ADHD.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"129 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48967699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amey Y. Angane, Aditya R. Anvekar, Prerna Keshari, V. Unnithan
Tardive dystonia is one of the extrapyramidal syndromes that start after long-term use of dopamine receptor antagonists. Tardive dystonia is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed; some of the treatment possibilities are hardly known among psychiatrists and are notorious for being resistant to treatment. Here, we present a set of two cases who had come with neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia, initially given oral tetrabenazine and injectable botulinum toxin, but they did not respond. They got better after treatment with the combination of oral baclofen and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is thought to prevent the super sensitization of postsynaptic dopamine receptors that contribute to the development of tardive states. Baclofen is a presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist primarily used to treat spasticity. Both may have acted synergistically to treat the dystonia. Tardive dystonia needs to be ruled out in patients with a history of long-term antipsychotic medication use. Consultant liaison with psychiatrists will be of paramount importance in the timely management of these cases. The combination of ECT and baclofen may be an effective choice for patients of schizophrenia with tardive dystonia developed in the course of neuroleptic treatment. However, further controlled studies are needed to develop and refine the guidelines for managing it.
{"title":"Neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia in young patients suffering from psychosis","authors":"Amey Y. Angane, Aditya R. Anvekar, Prerna Keshari, V. Unnithan","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Tardive dystonia is one of the extrapyramidal syndromes that start after long-term use of dopamine receptor antagonists. Tardive dystonia is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed; some of the treatment possibilities are hardly known among psychiatrists and are notorious for being resistant to treatment. Here, we present a set of two cases who had come with neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia, initially given oral tetrabenazine and injectable botulinum toxin, but they did not respond. They got better after treatment with the combination of oral baclofen and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is thought to prevent the super sensitization of postsynaptic dopamine receptors that contribute to the development of tardive states. Baclofen is a presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist primarily used to treat spasticity. Both may have acted synergistically to treat the dystonia. Tardive dystonia needs to be ruled out in patients with a history of long-term antipsychotic medication use. Consultant liaison with psychiatrists will be of paramount importance in the timely management of these cases. The combination of ECT and baclofen may be an effective choice for patients of schizophrenia with tardive dystonia developed in the course of neuroleptic treatment. However, further controlled studies are needed to develop and refine the guidelines for managing it.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"144 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42148642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fakirappa B Ganiger, Somashekhar Bijjal, A. Safeekh, Manisha Sharma
Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, DSH has increased by 60% over the past 50 years, of which 90% of victims had a psychiatric disorder. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to analyze the frequency, type, and lethality of DSH in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 150 patients diagnosed to have BPAD. Specially designed sociodemographic pro forma was used to record basic profile. DSH inventory was administered on BPAD patients who presented with DSH to analyze the type and lethality. Diagnosis of BPAD was made according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision. Data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed using frequency and percentage with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Results: The frequency of DSH was found to be 33%, out of which 38 (35%) patients had manic episode and 11 (30%) patients had depressive episode. The most common type of DSH was found to be cutting self with sharp or blunt objects and consumption of poison with frequency of 12 (24.5%) each. The second most common DSH was banging head, which was present in (11) 22.4% of patients. Conclusion: BPAD is associated with increased risk of DSH compared to the general population. The most common type of DSH was cutting self with sharp objects followed by consumption of poison. Patients who presented with DSH in depressive episode and severe mania had more lethal modes of DSH.
蓄意自残(DSH)是导致死亡的主要原因之一，也是世界范围内的一个主要公共卫生问题。根据世界卫生组织的数据，在过去的50年里，DSH增加了60%，其中90%的受害者患有精神疾病。目的和目的:目的是分析双相情感障碍(BPAD)患者DSH的频率、类型和致死率。材料和方法:本研究纳入了150例诊断为BPAD的患者。特别设计的社会人口统计表格用于记录基本概况。对出现DSH的BPAD患者进行DSH清查，分析DSH的类型和致死率。BPAD的诊断依据《国际疾病分类》第十版。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0对数据进行记录、编译和分析，使用频率和百分比。结果:DSH发生率为33%，其中狂躁发作38例(35%)，抑郁发作11例(30%)。最常见的DSH类型是用锐器或钝器自残和服毒，频率各为12例(24.5%)。第二常见的DSH是撞击头，出现在11.22.4%的患者中。结论:与一般人群相比，BPAD与DSH风险增加有关。最常见的DSH类型是用尖锐物体割伤自己，然后服用毒药。在抑郁发作和严重躁狂中出现DSH的患者有更多致命的DSH模式。
{"title":"A cross-sectional study of frequency, type, and lethality of deliberate self-harm in bipolar affective disorder patients presenting to tertiary care center","authors":"Fakirappa B Ganiger, Somashekhar Bijjal, A. Safeekh, Manisha Sharma","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_135_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_135_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, DSH has increased by 60% over the past 50 years, of which 90% of victims had a psychiatric disorder. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to analyze the frequency, type, and lethality of DSH in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 150 patients diagnosed to have BPAD. Specially designed sociodemographic pro forma was used to record basic profile. DSH inventory was administered on BPAD patients who presented with DSH to analyze the type and lethality. Diagnosis of BPAD was made according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision. Data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed using frequency and percentage with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Results: The frequency of DSH was found to be 33%, out of which 38 (35%) patients had manic episode and 11 (30%) patients had depressive episode. The most common type of DSH was found to be cutting self with sharp or blunt objects and consumption of poison with frequency of 12 (24.5%) each. The second most common DSH was banging head, which was present in (11) 22.4% of patients. Conclusion: BPAD is associated with increased risk of DSH compared to the general population. The most common type of DSH was cutting self with sharp objects followed by consumption of poison. Patients who presented with DSH in depressive episode and severe mania had more lethal modes of DSH.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"90 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Innamuri, A. Mukherjee, Bhuvaneshwari Sethuraman, A. Rachana, V. Mathew
There is high prevalence of psychological distress in patients diagnosed with neurological disorders. A cross-sectional study was done among inpatients from the department of neurology in a tertiary care centre in South India to assess prevalence of anxiety, depression, and barriers to mental health-care utilization. Anxiety and depression were estimated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). There is a high prevalence of psychological distress among the study participants. Proactive inquiry and screening of distress by the treating team may help identify psychological distress. Patients are more conforming and open to treating doctor. Barriers to mental health-care utilization included stigma, patient perception regarding treating doctor's attitude, patients' perception regarding distress, and doctor's perception regarding patient distress. There is a need for measures to alleviate stigma.
{"title":"Anxiety, Depression and Barriers to Mental Health Services among patients with Neurological disorders: Brief report from a tertiary care centre in South India","authors":"R. Innamuri, A. Mukherjee, Bhuvaneshwari Sethuraman, A. Rachana, V. Mathew","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_177_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_177_21","url":null,"abstract":"There is high prevalence of psychological distress in patients diagnosed with neurological disorders. A cross-sectional study was done among inpatients from the department of neurology in a tertiary care centre in South India to assess prevalence of anxiety, depression, and barriers to mental health-care utilization. Anxiety and depression were estimated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). There is a high prevalence of psychological distress among the study participants. Proactive inquiry and screening of distress by the treating team may help identify psychological distress. Patients are more conforming and open to treating doctor. Barriers to mental health-care utilization included stigma, patient perception regarding treating doctor's attitude, patients' perception regarding distress, and doctor's perception regarding patient distress. There is a need for measures to alleviate stigma.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"133 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41260190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kannappa V. Shetty, Anekal C. Amaresha, Urmila Bamney, R. Rajkumar, Prerna Srivastava, G. Mahesh
Background: COVID-19 has a significant biopsychosocial impact on the lives of people who are infected, with the stigma associated with the illness being one of the major issues. However, the level of stigma based on demographics, gender differences, hospital-based or home-based care is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to infer the level of stigma between these groups in the urban district of south India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 50 participants who were recently infected with COVID-19 and were receiving either hospital or home-based care. The stigma was assessed using a standardized questionnaire which has four domains. MannWhitney U test was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Median age is 54 years and the majority of the participants are male (74%). The mean score of enacted stigma subscale was 4.48, disclosure fear was 2.34, internalized stigma was 2.82, perceived externalized stigma was 7.32 and the total stigma mean score was 17. The perceived externalized stigma subscale was higher in males (7.57 ± 5.96) when compared to females 6.62 ± 5.53. Total stigma scores were higher for males 17.2 ± 10.1 when compared to females 16.2 ± 10.5. The total stigma score was more (17 ± 10.3) among home isolated COVID patients as compared to hospitalized patients (16.9 ± 10.2). Conclusion: Increased levels of stigma among COVID-19 patients have various important psychosocial implications. This study highlights the need for larger prospective cohort studies to further understand stigma in the context of COVID-19.
{"title":"Stigma among COVID-19 patients in South India-A cross-sectional study","authors":"Kannappa V. Shetty, Anekal C. Amaresha, Urmila Bamney, R. Rajkumar, Prerna Srivastava, G. Mahesh","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_189_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_189_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 has a significant biopsychosocial impact on the lives of people who are infected, with the stigma associated with the illness being one of the major issues. However, the level of stigma based on demographics, gender differences, hospital-based or home-based care is yet to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to infer the level of stigma between these groups in the urban district of south India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 50 participants who were recently infected with COVID-19 and were receiving either hospital or home-based care. The stigma was assessed using a standardized questionnaire which has four domains. MannWhitney U test was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Median age is 54 years and the majority of the participants are male (74%). The mean score of enacted stigma subscale was 4.48, disclosure fear was 2.34, internalized stigma was 2.82, perceived externalized stigma was 7.32 and the total stigma mean score was 17. The perceived externalized stigma subscale was higher in males (7.57 ± 5.96) when compared to females 6.62 ± 5.53. Total stigma scores were higher for males 17.2 ± 10.1 when compared to females 16.2 ± 10.5. The total stigma score was more (17 ± 10.3) among home isolated COVID patients as compared to hospitalized patients (16.9 ± 10.2). Conclusion: Increased levels of stigma among COVID-19 patients have various important psychosocial implications. This study highlights the need for larger prospective cohort studies to further understand stigma in the context of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"123 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Marriage is an age-old tradition that has become an essential custom for the survival and evolution of human beings. Marital satisfaction is the most essential aspect of a marriage. It is an important psychological construct affecting individual and relational well-being. Multiple factors affect marital satisfaction, and research related to these factors is scarce in India. Aims: We aimed to study the association between various sociodemographic factors, attachment styles, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, correlational study done on 80 subjects who were selected by purposive sampling method. A semi-structured pro forma was used to collect sociodemographic data. ENRICH (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness Marital Satisfaction scale was used to assess marital satisfaction. Index of Sexual Satisfaction was used for rating sexual satisfaction. A relationship questionnaire was used to measure the adult attachment style. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done to find the relation between different study variables. Results: Among sociodemographic variables, gender (P = 0.03), ongoing conflicts (P < 0.001), and the attachment style of the subjects (P < 0.001) had shown a statistically significant relationship with marital satisfaction. Problems in the area of sexual satisfaction had a negative correlation with marital satisfaction (r = −663, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although marital satisfaction is culturally dependent, attachment styles, ongoing conflicts in one's relationship, and sexual satisfaction are some of the common factors associated with marital satisfaction across cultures.
{"title":"Correlation of factors associated with marital satisfaction-A cross-sectional study from an urban place in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"S. Goud, Adavi Swayntika, Vishal Indla, N. Kolli","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_146_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_146_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Marriage is an age-old tradition that has become an essential custom for the survival and evolution of human beings. Marital satisfaction is the most essential aspect of a marriage. It is an important psychological construct affecting individual and relational well-being. Multiple factors affect marital satisfaction, and research related to these factors is scarce in India. Aims: We aimed to study the association between various sociodemographic factors, attachment styles, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, correlational study done on 80 subjects who were selected by purposive sampling method. A semi-structured pro forma was used to collect sociodemographic data. ENRICH (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness Marital Satisfaction scale was used to assess marital satisfaction. Index of Sexual Satisfaction was used for rating sexual satisfaction. A relationship questionnaire was used to measure the adult attachment style. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done to find the relation between different study variables. Results: Among sociodemographic variables, gender (P = 0.03), ongoing conflicts (P < 0.001), and the attachment style of the subjects (P < 0.001) had shown a statistically significant relationship with marital satisfaction. Problems in the area of sexual satisfaction had a negative correlation with marital satisfaction (r = −663, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although marital satisfaction is culturally dependent, attachment styles, ongoing conflicts in one's relationship, and sexual satisfaction are some of the common factors associated with marital satisfaction across cultures.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"107 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42676785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), is a of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that cause severe functional impairment. This prospective, observational study was performed on students to assess the prevalence, the factors associated with PMS and PMDD, and the functional impairment caused by PMDD in various aspects of life. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 224 consenting college students who attained menarche using standardized instruments such as the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Results: The prevalence of PMS and PMDD was 19.64% and 4.46%, respectively. disability scores and functional impairment in the study were comparable to other major mental illnesses. Conclusion: This study therefore emphasizes the need for identification and prompt management of PMS and PMDD so as to improve the quality of life.
{"title":"Disability associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A prospective study","authors":"Anusha Nemani, S. Kampalli, Nooka Nadukuru","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_110_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_110_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), is a of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms that cause severe functional impairment. This prospective, observational study was performed on students to assess the prevalence, the factors associated with PMS and PMDD, and the functional impairment caused by PMDD in various aspects of life. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 224 consenting college students who attained menarche using standardized instruments such as the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Results: The prevalence of PMS and PMDD was 19.64% and 4.46%, respectively. disability scores and functional impairment in the study were comparable to other major mental illnesses. Conclusion: This study therefore emphasizes the need for identification and prompt management of PMS and PMDD so as to improve the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"118 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Brain iron stores influence dopamine synthesis and behavior. Serum ferritin is a marker for iron stores. Few studies are there on serum ferritin levels in ADHD, and the results showed either way as low or equal to controls. Contradictory results were observed in two published Indian studies, hence the need for the study. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare serum ferritin and hematological indexes between children with ADHD and normal controls and also to compare ADHD subscales in two of ADHD groups divided on a cutoff serum value of below 15 ng/ml (World Health Organization criteria). Materials and Methods: Children with ADHD without comorbidities were compared with controls at a child and adolescent psychiatry unit, Hyderabad, India, after ethics committee approval. The assessments included Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS)-Revised (S), serum ferritin, and hematological indexes. Results: Two-three children with ADHD and 38 normal children as controls participated. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of serum ferritin levels in the ADHD group 28.26 (16.46) and controls 23.06 (18.88) was not statistically significant. Significantly higher mean values (14.60) on cognitive/inattention subscale was noticed In below (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin level group compared to the mean (11.50) in above (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin group. Negative nonsignificant correlation (r = −0.366) between cognitive-inattention subscale of ADHD and serum ferritin levels was noticed. Conclusions: Iron-deficiency state showed higher inattentiveness on CPRS subscale than noniron-deficiency state. There is a weak negative correlation between serum ferritin and inattentiveness.
{"title":"Lower serum ferritin levels and higher inattentiveness in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a case–control study","authors":"B. Anand, Chemarthi Sireesha","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Brain iron stores influence dopamine synthesis and behavior. Serum ferritin is a marker for iron stores. Few studies are there on serum ferritin levels in ADHD, and the results showed either way as low or equal to controls. Contradictory results were observed in two published Indian studies, hence the need for the study. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare serum ferritin and hematological indexes between children with ADHD and normal controls and also to compare ADHD subscales in two of ADHD groups divided on a cutoff serum value of below 15 ng/ml (World Health Organization criteria). Materials and Methods: Children with ADHD without comorbidities were compared with controls at a child and adolescent psychiatry unit, Hyderabad, India, after ethics committee approval. The assessments included Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS)-Revised (S), serum ferritin, and hematological indexes. Results: Two-three children with ADHD and 38 normal children as controls participated. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of serum ferritin levels in the ADHD group 28.26 (16.46) and controls 23.06 (18.88) was not statistically significant. Significantly higher mean values (14.60) on cognitive/inattention subscale was noticed In below (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin level group compared to the mean (11.50) in above (15 ng/ml) serum ferritin group. Negative nonsignificant correlation (r = −0.366) between cognitive-inattention subscale of ADHD and serum ferritin levels was noticed. Conclusions: Iron-deficiency state showed higher inattentiveness on CPRS subscale than noniron-deficiency state. There is a weak negative correlation between serum ferritin and inattentiveness.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"95 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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