Shailaja Bandla, N. Nappinnai, Srinivasagopalan Gopalasamy, VijayChandra Reddy Avula
{"title":"Prevalence of specific learning disorders in school children in a South Indian city","authors":"Shailaja Bandla, N. Nappinnai, Srinivasagopalan Gopalasamy, VijayChandra Reddy Avula","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_168_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_168_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70674309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hareesh Angothu, Sharad Philip, D. Jayarajan, A. Rachana, A. Jagannathan, M. Prasad
Introduction: National strategy for an inclusive and community-based living (NSCIL) for persons with mental health issues 2019 report informs us that the length of stay (LOS) of 36% of inpatients in 43 state-funded tertiary care psychiatric hospitals (TCPHs) is above one year. This is concerning and its public health implications are not studied. Objectives: This study was carried out to estimate the average duration of hospitalization by persons with prolonged hospitalization (PPH) in TCPH and to estimate the number of additional inpatient admissions that could have been offered. Methodology: We analyzed the data in NSICL for calculating cumulative hospitalization years and the mean duration of stay by all PPH under each state. Based on the presumption that each psychiatric bed could cater to at least four admissions, a prediction is made on the number of additional inpatient admissions that could have been offered. Results: The mean duration LOS of 4869 people in these TCPHs is 9.6 years (range 1 – more than 25 years) with significant variation between the states. An additional 190,153 persons could have been offered inpatient care in these TCPHs over 25 years duration, and a minimum of 7606 additional admissions could be accommodated every year. Conclusions: Our predictions suggest a need for research on the possibility of deferred inpatient care to others with acute mental health needs and the scope for inpatient care to as many as in need by unblocking these beds.
{"title":"Prolonged hospitalization of persons with mental disorders in state-funded tertiary care psychiatric hospitals and unaccounted public health implications","authors":"Hareesh Angothu, Sharad Philip, D. Jayarajan, A. Rachana, A. Jagannathan, M. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: National strategy for an inclusive and community-based living (NSCIL) for persons with mental health issues 2019 report informs us that the length of stay (LOS) of 36% of inpatients in 43 state-funded tertiary care psychiatric hospitals (TCPHs) is above one year. This is concerning and its public health implications are not studied. Objectives: This study was carried out to estimate the average duration of hospitalization by persons with prolonged hospitalization (PPH) in TCPH and to estimate the number of additional inpatient admissions that could have been offered. Methodology: We analyzed the data in NSICL for calculating cumulative hospitalization years and the mean duration of stay by all PPH under each state. Based on the presumption that each psychiatric bed could cater to at least four admissions, a prediction is made on the number of additional inpatient admissions that could have been offered. Results: The mean duration LOS of 4869 people in these TCPHs is 9.6 years (range 1 – more than 25 years) with significant variation between the states. An additional 190,153 persons could have been offered inpatient care in these TCPHs over 25 years duration, and a minimum of 7606 additional admissions could be accommodated every year. Conclusions: Our predictions suggest a need for research on the possibility of deferred inpatient care to others with acute mental health needs and the scope for inpatient care to as many as in need by unblocking these beds.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"8 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystemic genetic disorder which affects 1 in 6000–10,000 people worldwide. It usually affects the central nervous system and presents with multitude of symptoms such as seizures, skin abnormalities, intellectual disability, kidney disease, and behavioral problems. Psychosis has been rarely reported in patients with TSC. The Indian data on patients with TSC are sparse. We report a patient with TSC who presented with psychotic symptoms and discussed the management. Psychosis in patients with TSC is a rare association, and therefore, it should be assessed periodically while evaluating general health issues of patients with TSC.
{"title":"Psychosis in a patient with tuberous sclerosis: A rare entity","authors":"Rahul Chakravarty, D. Chauhan, Swapnajeet Sahoo","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_50_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_50_22","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystemic genetic disorder which affects 1 in 6000–10,000 people worldwide. It usually affects the central nervous system and presents with multitude of symptoms such as seizures, skin abnormalities, intellectual disability, kidney disease, and behavioral problems. Psychosis has been rarely reported in patients with TSC. The Indian data on patients with TSC are sparse. We report a patient with TSC who presented with psychotic symptoms and discussed the management. Psychosis in patients with TSC is a rare association, and therefore, it should be assessed periodically while evaluating general health issues of patients with TSC.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"51 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glioblastoma multiforme: Case report of an unusual presentation","authors":"Niveditha Samala, C. Harihar","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_45_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_45_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70674737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A rare case of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 encephalitis presenting with neurocognitive and affective symptoms in an elderly female − Case report","authors":"K. Lakshmi, S. Neethu, B. Menon","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_29_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_29_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70675015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PC Pradeep Kumar, Sojan Antony, Thirumoorthy Ammapattian, M. Kishor, Megha Sadashiv
{"title":"Substance use prevalence and associated factors among Indian college students: A narrative review","authors":"PC Pradeep Kumar, Sojan Antony, Thirumoorthy Ammapattian, M. Kishor, Megha Sadashiv","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_58_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_58_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70677574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological impact of COVID-19 is an emerging area of interest among researchers worldwide. We aimed to study the prevalence of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors and its association with individual characteristics including demographic variables. One hundred and fifty COVID-19 survivors from a tertiary care hospital were contacted to collect information regarding anxiety and depression using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Pearson’s Chi-square was used for univariate analysis of categorical variables. The Mann–Whitney test was used to check the significance between group medians. 21.3% of the survivors (n = 32) reported postdischarge COVID-19 anxiety. Mild, moderate, and moderately severe anxiety was reported by 17.3%, 3.3%, and 0.7% of the patients, respectively, on using the GAD-7 questionnaire. PHQ-9 revealed that 29.3% (n = 44) had depression. Minimal, mild, moderate, and moderately severe depression was reported by 19.3%, 24.0%, 2.0%, and 3.3% of the respondents, respectively. None of the survivors had severe anxiety or depression. In both the questionnaires, variation in median scores was statistically significant with age, whereas for GAD-7 scores, the difference in median scores was statistically significant only for gender. On analysis, age above 40 years was a statistically significant determinant for both anxiety (P = 0.041) and depression (P = 0.018) while male gender showed a statistically significant association in case of anxiety (P = 0.028). The correlation between age and respective scores and GAD-7 scores and PHQ-9 scores was also found to be significant (P < 0.001). These preliminary screening results provide convincing evidence of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors, thus reiterating the need of timely detection and management of mental health issues through formulation of strategies to tackle the concurrent psychological comorbidities amid the ongoing pandemic.
{"title":"Assessment of mental health among hospital-discharged patients of COVID-19 in North India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Preeti Kour, Manmeet Singh, B. Sahni","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_147_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_147_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Psychological impact of COVID-19 is an emerging area of interest among researchers worldwide. We aimed to study the prevalence of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors and its association with individual characteristics including demographic variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and fifty COVID-19 survivors from a tertiary care hospital were contacted to collect information regarding anxiety and depression using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Pearson’s Chi-square was used for univariate analysis of categorical variables. The Mann–Whitney test was used to check the significance between group medians.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 21.3% of the survivors (n = 32) reported postdischarge COVID-19 anxiety. Mild, moderate, and moderately severe anxiety was reported by 17.3%, 3.3%, and 0.7% of the patients, respectively, on using the GAD-7 questionnaire. PHQ-9 revealed that 29.3% (n = 44) had depression. Minimal, mild, moderate, and moderately severe depression was reported by 19.3%, 24.0%, 2.0%, and 3.3% of the respondents, respectively. None of the survivors had severe anxiety or depression. In both the questionnaires, variation in median scores was statistically significant with age, whereas for GAD-7 scores, the difference in median scores was statistically significant only for gender. On analysis, age above 40 years was a statistically significant determinant for both anxiety (P = 0.041) and depression (P = 0.018) while male gender showed a statistically significant association in case of anxiety (P = 0.028). The correlation between age and respective scores and GAD-7 scores and PHQ-9 scores was also found to be significant (P < 0.001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 These preliminary screening results provide convincing evidence of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors, thus reiterating the need of timely detection and management of mental health issues through formulation of strategies to tackle the concurrent psychological comorbidities amid the ongoing pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizophrenia has been described as the most disabling mental disorder, and patients with schizophrenia have been said to be disabled mostly in occupation, sexual relation, self-care, and social relationship domains. The present study aimed at assessing disability through self-, proxy-, and interviewer-rated versions of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 among persons with schizophrenia. The study was cross-sectional. Thirty samples of patients with schizophrenia as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Patients above 18 years of age with a total duration of illness of at least more than 2 years were included in the study. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital Sector 32, Chandigarh, India. The overall inter-rater reliability in schizophrenia was 0.599 (0.395–0.767), indicative of moderate reliability. Domains, namely, getting along with people (0.803) and life activities of household (0.854) had a good reliability, whereas domains such as cognition (0.681), mobility (0.616), self-care (0.636), life activities at school/work (0.664), and participation in the society (0.753) indicated a moderate reliability. There was no significant difference among the self, proxy, and interviewer assessments for most items. This study highlighted the fact that service users can also carry out an objective self-assessment of disability, thus upholding the principles of advanced directives as envisaged under the Mental Health Care Act, 2017.
{"title":"Disability assessment in the persons with schizophrenia: Inter-rater agreement and correlation between self-, proxy-, and interviewer-rated versions of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0","authors":"F. Paul, Arif Ali","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_142_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_142_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Schizophrenia has been described as the most disabling mental disorder, and patients with schizophrenia have been said to be disabled mostly in occupation, sexual relation, self-care, and social relationship domains.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study aimed at assessing disability through self-, proxy-, and interviewer-rated versions of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 among persons with schizophrenia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was cross-sectional. Thirty samples of patients with schizophrenia as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Patients above 18 years of age with a total duration of illness of at least more than 2 years were included in the study. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Mental Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital Sector 32, Chandigarh, India.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The overall inter-rater reliability in schizophrenia was 0.599 (0.395–0.767), indicative of moderate reliability. Domains, namely, getting along with people (0.803) and life activities of household (0.854) had a good reliability, whereas domains such as cognition (0.681), mobility (0.616), self-care (0.636), life activities at school/work (0.664), and participation in the society (0.753) indicated a moderate reliability.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was no significant difference among the self, proxy, and interviewer assessments for most items. This study highlighted the fact that service users can also carry out an objective self-assessment of disability, thus upholding the principles of advanced directives as envisaged under the Mental Health Care Act, 2017.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42090866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Victor, B. Sachin, Kangkan Pathak, Priya Ranjan Avinash, V. Saxena
Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle motor and sensory deficits that are frequently found in various psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. NSS in schizophrenia are frequently associated with impairment in cognitive abilities and deterioration in neuropsychological performance (NP). Objective: We aimed to study the correlation between NSS and NP in persons with schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty individuals of whom thirty had schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision and the rest thirty were matched controls were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical details were obtained and tests for the assessment of NSS and neuropsychological assessment were administered. Comparison based on scores obtained in these scales was made in both the groups. Results: NSS were present in 100% of patients with schizophrenia and in 16.6% of controls in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in neuropsychological assessment. In Group 1, NSS showed a significant negative correlation with Tower of London, Stroop Color-Word Test, Digit Vigilance Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. However, there was no correlation between NP and NSS in Group 2. Conclusion: NSS were more in persons with schizophrenia compared to healthy normal controls. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between NSS and NP in persons with schizophrenia, which is differing from the control group. We may conclude that the presence of NSS predicts the poor NP, and also contributes to poor cognitive abilities of persons with schizophrenia.
{"title":"Correlation of neurological soft signs with neuropsychological performance in persons with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study from North-Eastern India","authors":"Robin Victor, B. Sachin, Kangkan Pathak, Priya Ranjan Avinash, V. Saxena","doi":"10.4103/amh.amh_159_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amh.amh_159_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle motor and sensory deficits that are frequently found in various psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. NSS in schizophrenia are frequently associated with impairment in cognitive abilities and deterioration in neuropsychological performance (NP). Objective: We aimed to study the correlation between NSS and NP in persons with schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty individuals of whom thirty had schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision and the rest thirty were matched controls were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical details were obtained and tests for the assessment of NSS and neuropsychological assessment were administered. Comparison based on scores obtained in these scales was made in both the groups. Results: NSS were present in 100% of patients with schizophrenia and in 16.6% of controls in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in neuropsychological assessment. In Group 1, NSS showed a significant negative correlation with Tower of London, Stroop Color-Word Test, Digit Vigilance Test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. However, there was no correlation between NP and NSS in Group 2. Conclusion: NSS were more in persons with schizophrenia compared to healthy normal controls. Furthermore, there is a negative correlation between NSS and NP in persons with schizophrenia, which is differing from the control group. We may conclude that the presence of NSS predicts the poor NP, and also contributes to poor cognitive abilities of persons with schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":36181,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mental Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"85 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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