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Strategie dyskursywne w obszarze onimicznym tekstu wobec wielokulturowości jako cechy współczesnego podróżopisarstwa 文本名称领域的话语策略与当代旅游写作的多元文化特征
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.14
Artur Rejter
Modern travel literature is the research material used in the article, and particularly how it represents a particular vision of multiculturalism. One can make use of contemporary travel reports as an example of nowadays very popular branch of literature relating to other cultures, thereby confirming the consequential status of multiculturalism as a socio-cultural aspect. As the methodological basis of the work, modern literary and cultural onomastics, and onomastics of discourse have been selected. Discourse is understood as a communication phenomenon of a higher level, concentrating various components and not only verbal ones. Furthermore, it is motivated by social, ideological, and cultural factors which are manifested in different forms. The crucial methodological context is the adoption of discourse linguistics as an extensive research program that can help to create the additional context of the proper names observed in travel literature. The aim of the work is to highlight the main discourse strategies concerning the multiculturalism aspects of proper names present in modern travel literature. Three primary strategies were identified i.e. assimilation, exoticisation and neutralisation. Depending on the strategy adopted, the proper name relates to the ideological level of discourse to a varying degree, it also profiles the Known–Other/Strange relation, approximates given cultures or reflects their disparateness. As one can see, the research has identified many different points of liaison between proper names and the ideology of the text and, what is more, the creation of the world in a chosen discourse. Moreover, it confirms the thesis that proper names, analyzed on the discourse level, requires a context approach revealing its whole semantic and functional potential in microtext as well as macrotext.
现代旅游文献是文章中使用的研究材料,特别是它如何代表一种特殊的多元文化主义视野。人们可以利用当代旅行报告作为当今非常流行的与其他文化有关的文学分支的一个例子,从而确认多元文化主义作为一个社会文化方面的重要地位。作为研究的方法论基础,本文选择了现代文学与文化的onomasics和话语的onomasics。话语被理解为一种更高层次的交际现象,它集中了各种成分,而不仅仅是言语成分。此外,社会、思想和文化因素也对其产生了推动作用,这些因素以不同的形式表现出来。关键的方法论语境是采用话语语言学作为一个广泛的研究项目,可以帮助创建在旅行文献中观察到的专有名称的额外语境。本研究的目的是强调现代旅游文学中专有名称的多元文化方面的主要话语策略。确定了三种主要策略,即同化,异国化和中和。根据所采用的策略,专有名称在不同程度上与话语的意识形态层面有关,它也描绘了已知-他者/陌生的关系,近似给定的文化或反映了它们的差异。正如我们所看到的,这项研究已经确定了专有名称与文本意识形态之间的许多不同的连接点,更重要的是,在选定的话语中创造世界。此外,本文还证实了专名在语篇层面的分析需要语境方法来揭示其在微文本和宏文本中的全部语义和功能潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Nazwiska Polaków jako tekst kultury i źródło badań nad wspólnotową autonarracją 作为文化文本的波兰人的名字与社区自述研究来源
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.6
I. Matusiak-Kempa
The article contributes to the research into the modern system of surnames of Poles as a culture text which can become a basis for reconstructing community self-narrations. The presented perspective takes into consideration the following assumptions: 1. Narration naturally accompanies cognition. 2. Personal proper names (i.e. anthroponyms) have a unique ontological and epistemological status in the anthropocentric cognitive system. 3. An anthroponym is a message determined by cognitive needs and the system of values of a given linguistic and cultural community. In order to reconstruct narrations embedded in surnames it is proposed that the following steps be adopted: 1) perform sta-tistical analysis concerned with the number of onymic derivation sets, 2) undertake semantic stud-ies considering the level of categorization of appellatives which motivate the creation of surnames, 3) adopt endocentric and exocentric perspectives in the analysis of descriptive functions of anthro-ponyms which belong to particular motivation-formal types.
本文的研究有助于将波兰人的现代姓氏体系作为一种文化文本进行研究,这可以成为重建社区自我叙事的基础。提出的观点考虑了以下假设:叙事自然伴随着认知。2. 人称专名在人类中心主义认知体系中具有独特的本体论和认识论地位。3.拟人词是由特定语言和文化群体的认知需求和价值体系所决定的信息。为了重构姓氏中嵌入的叙述,建议采取以下步骤:1)对姓氏衍生集的数量进行统计分析;2)考虑姓氏产生的称谓分类水平进行语义研究;3)对属于特定动机形式类型的人名的描述功能进行内中心和外中心的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Profesor Janusz Strutyński (1932–2021) jako językoznawca-onomasta Janusz Strutyński教授(1932–2021),语言学家
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.1
K. Skowronek
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引用次数: 0
Strategie nazewnicze wspomagające rozwój kreatywności odbiorców dziecięcych (na przykładzie opowiadań z cyklu „Humorki” Agnieszki Zimnowodzkiej) 支持儿童接受者创造力发展的命名策略(以Agnieszka Zimnowodzka的“幽默”系列故事为例)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.17
Izabela Łuc
The article describes the role, significance and functioning of proper names in the literary commu - nication of Agnieszka Zimnowodzka seen as components of naming strategies enhancing the devel - opment of the creativity of young readers. The description of the functioning of proper names in regard to their harmony with the text was based on three interpretative levels – the pragmatic, stylis - tic and psychological. A detailed examination of the proper names revealed that they activate various functions in the text – the allusive, axiological, creative, cognitive, didactic, emotional, expressive- stylistic, informative, ludic and referential. Two superior strategies were distinguished among the naming strategies used in the short stories by the discussed writer: 1) the strategy of the semantic association of names from various onymic categories, and 2) the contextual naming strategy that brings about particular communication situations. An analysis of the proper names taken from short stories for children written by Zimnowodzka showed many innovative solutions in the field of using the categorial properties of proper names in the literary sphere. These naming formations not only make the reading easier and more attractive to young recipients but also enhance their creativity in many developmental dimensions.
本文论述了专名在阿格涅斯卡·齐诺沃兹卡文学交际中的作用、意义和功能,并将其视为促进年轻读者创造力发展的命名策略的组成部分。从语用、文体和心理三个层面对专名与语篇和谐的功能进行了描述。对专名的详细研究表明,它们在文本中激活了各种功能——暗示、价值、创造、认知、教学、情感、表达、风格、信息、娱乐和参考。作者在短篇小说中使用了两种优越的命名策略:1)各种名字类别的语义关联策略和2)带来特定交际情境的语境命名策略。通过对齐姆诺沃兹卡儿童短篇小说中专名的分析,揭示了在文学领域利用专名的范畴属性方面的许多创新解决方案。这些命名形式不仅使阅读更容易,对年轻的接受者更有吸引力,而且还增强了他们在许多发展方面的创造力。
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引用次数: 0
Gender ratio in the mirror of the urbanonymy of Vitebsk and Bialystok at the beginning of the 21st century: a comparative aspect 21世纪初维捷布斯克和比亚韦斯托克城市名称中的性别比例:比较方面
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.12
Анна Мезенко
The article is dedicated to the comprehension and description of urbanonymous vocabulary in connection with the phenomenon of gender. Specific features of the representation of the gender component in the urbanonymicons of the eastern Belarusian city of Vitebsk and Рolish Bialystok are determined. The report shows general and specific aspects in the sets of “female” and “male” names of the linear objects of the Vitebsk urbanonym system in comparison with theof Bialystok. The presence of specific gender features is stated both at the level of qualitative content and the statistical structure of the system of names of intracity objects. In particular, information about the proportion of the manifestation of the presence of people of different sex in it is of a significant nature, with assessments attributed to men and women. In the body of memorial names of streets, squares, squares, the priority of the masculine principle is manifested: “feminine” is correlated with “masculine” in Vitebsk as 1 to 8.5; in Bialystok — 1 to 8.3. The absence in the Vitebsk list of the spheres of the activity of men, whose names served as the basis for naming the linear and territorial objects such as categories as church and religious figures and saints, kings, princes, representatives of a noble family, literary characters and the names of literary works serves as proof of the existing differences in the use of male names to create urbanonyms and their connection with the historical and cultural differences between the Belarusian and Polish societies, in particular, the disappearance of the privileged class of nobles and the titles of rulers as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in Belarus, as well as the greater attention of Poles to their national culture and literature. It is emphasized that a consideration of urbanonymous picture of the world in the gender paradigm can contribute to the disclosure of gender stereotypes that exist in modern culture, as well as the establishment of a specific cultural and historical content, one invested in jointly by Belarusians and Poles in understanding reality.
本文试图从性别现象的角度来理解和描述都市同姓词汇。确定了白俄罗斯东部城市维捷布斯克和Рolish比亚韦斯托克的城市名称中性别组成部分的具体特征。该报告显示了维捷布斯克城市名称系统中线性对象的“女性”和“男性”名称集与比亚韦斯托克的比较的一般和具体方面。具体的性别特征存在于城市对象名称系统的定性内容和统计结构两个层面上。特别是,关于不同性别的人在其中的表现所占比例的信息具有重要意义,其评估归为男性和女性。在街道、广场、广场的纪念名称中,男性原则的优先性体现在:“女性”与“男性”在维捷布斯克的相关性为1到8.5;在比亚韦斯托克- 1至8.3。维捷布斯克名单中没有人的活动领域,他们的名字是命名线性和领土对象的基础,例如教会和宗教人物和圣徒、国王、王子、贵族家庭代表等类别,文学人物和文学作品的名字证明了在使用男性名字创造城市名方面存在的差异,以及它们与白俄罗斯和波兰社会之间的历史和文化差异的联系,特别是由于白俄罗斯苏维埃政权的建立,贵族特权阶级和统治者头衔的消失,以及波兰人对其民族文化和文学的更加重视。它强调,在性别范式中考虑城市的世界图景可以有助于揭示现代文化中存在的性别陈规定型观念,以及建立具体的文化和历史内容,白俄罗斯人和波兰人在理解现实方面共同投资。
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引用次数: 0
From Pasir Ris to Pioneer: Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) names in relation to its identity. 从巴西尔里斯到先锋:新加坡的捷运(MRT)的名字与它的身份。
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.11
Shaun Lim Tyan Gin, Francesco Perono Cacciafoco
This article examines the station names of 142 Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations across Singapore’s five fully operational MRT lines using primary sources (digitised newspapers, maps, and press releases) and secondary sources (scholarly research on Singapore place names and information from government agencies). There are two research objectives: firstly, to determine the common naming strategies of Singapore’s MRT station names, and secondly, to analyse features of Singapore’s socio-political and linguistic identity by studying these names. Common naming patterns of Singapore’s station names include associative names, where the station is named after nearby physical or man-made features; descriptive names, where the name describes a particular aspect of the area; and eponymous names, where the station is named after a famous person or entity. We argue that station names reflect the state’s language and socio-political policies and shed deeper light on some of the complex and contradictory forces at play in the nation’s linguistic and socio-political identity. Singapore’s language shift towards English is evident as English is frequently used to name stations, particularly among newer MRT lines, where the public can suggest and vote on station names. At the same time, there are toponyms in local languages like Malay that serve as indexes of localness of the area around the station, showing the cultural dimension that station names have as metaphors for the area’s history and heritage. Yet, Singapore’s pragmatic socio-political identity ultimately means that the practical, referential function of names takes precedence over the cultural functions of naming.
本文利用第一手资料(数字化报纸、地图和新闻稿)和二手资料(关于新加坡地名的学术研究和政府机构的信息),研究了新加坡五条全面运营的捷运(MRT)线路上142个站点的站点名称。有两个研究目的:首先,确定新加坡地铁车站名称的共同命名策略,其次,通过研究这些名称来分析新加坡社会政治和语言认同的特征。新加坡车站名称的常见命名模式包括联想名称,即以附近的自然或人为特征来命名车站;描述性名称,其中名称描述该地区的特定方面;还有以名字命名,即车站以一个著名的人或实体命名。我们认为,车站名称反映了国家的语言和社会政治政策,并更深入地揭示了在国家语言和社会政治认同中起作用的一些复杂和矛盾的力量。新加坡的语言向英语的转变是显而易见的,因为英语经常被用来命名车站,特别是在较新的地铁线路中,公众可以建议和投票车站的名字。与此同时,还有马来语等当地语言的地名,作为车站周围地区的地方性指标,显示了车站名称作为隐喻该地区历史和遗产的文化维度。然而,新加坡务实的社会政治认同最终意味着,名字的实用、参考功能优先于命名的文化功能。
{"title":"From Pasir Ris to Pioneer: Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) names in relation to its identity.","authors":"Shaun Lim Tyan Gin, Francesco Perono Cacciafoco","doi":"10.17651/onomast.66.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17651/onomast.66.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the station names of 142 Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations across Singapore’s five fully operational MRT lines using primary sources (digitised newspapers, maps, and press releases) and secondary sources (scholarly research on Singapore place names and information from government agencies). There are two research objectives: firstly, to determine the common naming strategies of Singapore’s MRT station names, and secondly, to analyse features of Singapore’s socio-political and linguistic identity by studying these names. Common naming patterns of Singapore’s station names include associative names, where the station is named after nearby physical or man-made features; descriptive names, where the name describes a particular aspect of the area; and eponymous names, where the station is named after a famous person or entity. We argue that station names reflect the state’s language and socio-political policies and shed deeper light on some of the complex and contradictory forces at play in the nation’s linguistic and socio-political identity. Singapore’s language shift towards English is evident as English is frequently used to name stations, particularly among newer MRT lines, where the public can suggest and vote on station names. At the same time, there are toponyms in local languages like Malay that serve as indexes of localness of the area around the station, showing the cultural dimension that station names have as metaphors for the area’s history and heritage. Yet, Singapore’s pragmatic socio-political identity ultimately means that the practical, referential function of names takes precedence over the cultural functions of naming.","PeriodicalId":36198,"journal":{"name":"Onomastica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67797591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Profesor Kwiryna Handke (1932–2021) Kwiryna Handke教授(1932–2021)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.66.2
Ewa Wolnicz-Pawłowska
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引用次数: 0
The crucial and contested concept of the endonym/exonym divide 内因/外因区分的关键和有争议的概念
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.65.1.1
Peter Jordan
Paul Woodman has called it the “great toponymic divide”, but the endonym/exonym distinction is not a concept confined solely to toponymy, it can be transferred to all name categories, where the name used by insiders may differ from the name used by outsiders, e.g., to ethnonyms, anthro ponyms, names of institutions, where we frequently meet, for instance nicknames and derogative designa- tions used by outsiders. But there is no doubt that this divide has its focus on toponymy, since it corresponds there to two basic human attitudes: (1) to the distinction between ‛mine’ and ‛yours’, ‛ours’ and ‛theirs’, and (2) to territoriality, the desire to own a place, which appears at all levels of the construction of human community  — from the level of the family up to that of nations. Thus, it has always a political, social, and juridical meaning and is frequently a reason for dispute and conflict. However, even after long and intensive discussions, e.g., in the UNGEGN Working Group of Exonyms, to date we can still see rather divergent approaches to this divide. There is the linguistic approach regarding the endonym and the exonym rather as poles of a continuum, with various intermediary stages. Alternatively, there is the cultural-geographical approach that accepts no other criteria than the spatial relation between the name-using community and the geographical feature denoted by the name. The article elaborates on these items, mainly on the basis of the discussions and publications of the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms since 2002.
保罗·伍德曼(Paul Woodman)将其称为“大地名划分”,但内地人/外地人的区分并不仅仅局限于地名,它可以转移到所有的名称类别,内部人士使用的名称可能与外部人士使用的名称不同,例如,民族名称,人种名称,机构名称,我们经常遇到的地方,例如外部人士使用的昵称和贬义词。但毫无疑问,这种划分集中在地名上,因为它对应于两种基本的人类态度:(1)“我的”和“你的”、“我们的”和“他们的”之间的区别;(2)属地性,即拥有一个地方的愿望,它出现在人类社会建设的各个层面上——从家庭到国家。因此,它总是具有政治、社会和法律意义,并经常成为争端和冲突的原因。然而,即使经过长时间和深入的讨论,例如在联合国环境工作组的外来词工作组,到目前为止,我们仍然可以看到对这一划分的不同做法。有一种语言学方法认为,内因和外因是一个连续体的两极,有不同的中间阶段。另一种是文化-地理方法,这种方法只接受使用名称的社区与名称所表示的地理特征之间的空间关系。本文主要根据2002年以来联合国环境工作组外来词问题工作组的讨论和出版物,详细阐述了这些项目。
{"title":"The crucial and contested concept of the endonym/exonym divide","authors":"Peter Jordan","doi":"10.17651/onomast.65.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17651/onomast.65.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Paul Woodman has called it the “great toponymic divide”, but the endonym/exonym distinction is not a concept confined solely to toponymy, it can be transferred to all name categories, where the name used by insiders may differ from the name used by outsiders, e.g., to ethnonyms, anthro ponyms, names of institutions, where we frequently meet, for instance nicknames and derogative designa- tions used by outsiders. But there is no doubt that this divide has its focus on toponymy, since it corresponds there to two basic human attitudes: (1) to the distinction between ‛mine’ and ‛yours’, ‛ours’ and ‛theirs’, and (2) to territoriality, the desire to own a place, which appears at all levels of the construction of human community  — from the level of the family up to that of nations. Thus, it has always a political, social, and juridical meaning and is frequently a reason for dispute and conflict. However, even after long and intensive discussions, e.g., in the UNGEGN Working Group of Exonyms, to date we can still see rather divergent approaches to this divide. There is the linguistic approach regarding the endonym and the exonym rather as poles of a continuum, with various intermediary stages. Alternatively, there is the cultural-geographical approach that accepts no other criteria than the spatial relation between the name-using community and the geographical feature denoted by the name. The article elaborates on these items, mainly on the basis of the discussions and publications of the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms since 2002.","PeriodicalId":36198,"journal":{"name":"Onomastica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67791437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imię Stanisław i jego derywaty w ojkonimii Polski w aspekcie historyczno-kulturowym 斯坦尼斯瓦夫(Stanisław)这个名字及其在历史和文化方面在波兰祖先中的衍生物
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.65.1.10
Halszka Górny
The article is devoted to Polish deanthroponymic oikonyms created from the name Stanisław and its derivatives. The aim of the paper was to show the frequency of one of the most popular male names and its numerous derivative forms in place names, both the oldest ones, created by the end of the 16 th century, and newer ones, created later in the 18 th century, and especially in the 19 th and in the first half of the 20 th centuries. The name Stanisław was the basis of few (approx. 10) toponyms (patronymic with the suffix -ice, possessive with -j-, -ów, -owo) included in the oldest naming layer. Many more medieval oikonyms (about 30) have as their basis the derivatives of the name Stanisław (Stan/Stań, Staniek, Stańko, Stasz(o), Staś, Stanisz, Stachel, Stanięta, *Stanom(a), *Stanim(a), *Staniątek). These are possessive names with suffixes -ew, -ewo, -ów, -owo, -owa, -in, -ówka, patronymic names ending with -owice, -ewice, -ęta and plural names Stany, Staniątki. The 18 th century bestowals refer to 9 place names from the name Stanisław and about 9 from its derivatives, while approx. 70 oikonyms with a full name in the base and approx. 20 toponyms motivated by shortened form of compound name come from the 19 th and 20 th centuries. Many of names are certainly related to the cult of St. Stanislaus. Among them there are also names commemorating King Stanisław August Poniatowski and founders of settlements. Over a dozen toponyms were officially introduced after 1945 to replace German or Germanized names with Polish ones.
这篇文章专门介绍了波兰语中由Stanisław这个名字及其衍生词创造的去拟人词。这篇论文的目的是展示最流行的男性名字之一及其在地名中的众多衍生形式的频率,包括16世纪末创造的最古老的名字,以及18世纪后期创造的新名字,特别是在19世纪和20世纪上半叶。Stanisław这个名字是一些(大约)网站的基础。10)地名(父名后缀为-ice,所有格为-j-, -ów, -owo)包含在最古老的命名层中。更多的中世纪别名(大约30个)以Stanisław这个名字的衍生词为基础(Stan/ staje, Staniek, Stańko, Stasz(o), staji, Stanisz, Stachel, Stanięta, *Stanom(a), *Stanim(a), *Staniątek)。这些都是物主名,后缀为-ew, - two, -ów, -owo, -owa, -in, -ówka,父名以-owice, - eice, -ęta结尾,复数名Stany, Staniątki。18世纪的赠与指的是9个地名,从Stanisław的名字和大约9个从它的衍生物,而大约。70个缩略词中有一个全名的基数和大约。19、20世纪出现了20个由复合名的缩写形式衍生而来的地名。许多名字肯定与圣斯坦尼斯劳斯的崇拜有关。其中也有纪念国王Stanisław奥古斯特·波尼亚托夫斯基和定居点创始人的名字。1945年以后,十多个地名被正式引入,用波兰语取代德语或日耳曼化的名字。
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引用次数: 0
Śląskie nazwy geograficzne motywowane nazwami kolorów 以颜色名称为动机的西里西亚地名
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17651/onomast.65.1.11
Danuta Lech-Kirstein
Przedmiotem artykułu są nazwy geograficzne Śląska z elementem kolorystycznym. Analizie zostały poddane polskie i niemieckie nazwy odapelatywne obiektów zamieszkanych i niezamieszkanych, a także oronimy i hydronimy. Użyty w tytule termin element kolorystyczny rozumiany jest szeroko jako każdy element nazywający kolor, pochodzący od nazwy koloru czy uruchamiający asocjacje z nazwą koloru. W części analitycznej opisane są poszczególne nazwy kolorów będące podstawami nazw własnych wraz z ich znaczeniami, konotacjami i prototypami. Następnie przedstawione są nazwy geograficzne, w których określenia kolorów są elementami zestawień, zrostów i złożeń, a także podstawami nazw derywowanych. W celu uwypuklenia pewnych zjawisk wzięto też pod uwagę nazwy spolszczone i przejściowe. Poza podstawowymi kolorami określającymi Śląsk (takimi jak: czarny, zielony, biały, czerwony) bazami nazw własnych mogą być barwy niepodstawowe, jak złoty, srebrny, miedziany, rudy a także rzadsze: purpurowy, krasny, krwawy, lazurowy, szary, siwy czy szady. Analiza pozwala wyciągnąć wnioski, że elementy kolorystyczne są ważnymi określeniami właściwościowymi: nie tylko ukazują rzeczywistą paletę barw, lecz także zachowują obraz ukształtowania powierzchni, hydrografię i naturalne cechy krajobrazu wraz z występującymi na tym terenie minerałami, kruszcami i glebami, a także mogą być nośnikami wartościowania i emocji.
文章的主题是带有色彩元素的西里西亚地名。分析了波兰语和德语中有人居住和无人居住物体的称谓名称,以及oronyms和hydronyms。标题中使用的术语“颜色元素”被广泛理解为任何调用颜色、来自颜色名称或与颜色名称开始关联的元素。分析部分描述了作为自定义名称基础的个别颜色名称及其含义、内涵和原型。然后,给出了地理名称,其中颜色定义是组合、添加和组合的元素,也是派生名称的基础。为了突出某些现象,还考虑了修饰和过渡名称。除了西里西亚的基本颜色(如黑、绿、白、红)外,非基本颜色,如金、银、铜、矿石,以及罕见的颜色:紫色、侏儒、血、天青、灰色、灰色或灰色,都可以作为自己名字的基础。通过分析,我们可以得出结论,颜色元素是重要的特性:它们不仅显示了实际的调色板,还保留了地表形状、水文和景观自然特征的图像,以及该地区存在的矿物、矿石和土壤,还可以作为欣赏和情感的载体。
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引用次数: 0
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