Rooted in African postcolonial pragmatics, this research pays particular attention to the strategic use of code-switching and other linguistic strategies for relationship maintenance in instant messaging communities that constitute translanguaging spaces. To this end, by means of a quantitative and computer-mediated communication discourse analysis, we examine the naturally-occurring interactions, on WhatsApp, of a group of 74 former university classmates who studied Spanish Philology in the mid-2000s at a Cameroonian university. The close observation of the group’s interactional strategies for relationship maintenance shows that members construct their online famille – their new social space for self-presentation – by means of (1) sociolinguistic and pragmatic norms drawn from indigenisation; (2) kinship terms as forms of address, in English and Spanish in texts mainly in French; and (3) the inclusion of religious terms as a politeness strategy. The use of Spanish as the tie-sign of the group is not as relevant as initially expected.
{"title":"Bonjour la famille!","authors":"Carmen Pérez-Sabater, Ginette Maguelouk-Moffo","doi":"10.1075/ip.00103.per","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00103.per","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rooted in African postcolonial pragmatics, this research pays particular attention to the strategic use of\u0000 code-switching and other linguistic strategies for relationship maintenance in instant messaging communities that constitute\u0000 translanguaging spaces. To this end, by means of a quantitative and computer-mediated communication discourse analysis, we examine\u0000 the naturally-occurring interactions, on WhatsApp, of a group of 74 former university classmates who studied Spanish Philology in\u0000 the mid-2000s at a Cameroonian university. The close observation of the group’s interactional strategies for relationship\u0000 maintenance shows that members construct their online famille – their new social space for self-presentation – by\u0000 means of (1) sociolinguistic and pragmatic norms drawn from indigenisation; (2) kinship terms as forms of address, in English and\u0000 Spanish in texts mainly in French; and (3) the inclusion of religious terms as a politeness strategy. The use of Spanish as the\u0000 tie-sign of the group is not as relevant as initially expected.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incidents of online public shaming commonly start when a record of conduct that is perceived as transgressive by either one of the parties to that interaction or a third party observer is posted, in the form of a narrative description, photograph, audio/video-recording, screenshot, and so on to an online platform, followed by viral amplification of that online public denunciation post through sharing by others within and across platforms. Building on an analysis of 26 incidents of online public denunciations of public incivilities it is argued, in this paper, that public denunciations essentially involve inviting networked audiences to denounce entextualized moments of conduct, which are recontextualized as not only morally transgressive, but as also warranting public condemnation. It is proposed that the procedure by which online public denunciations are accomplished is thus recursive, as it not only involves the ascription of action to prior conduct of the target in question that construes that prior conduct as transgressive, but the embedding of the ascription of that complainable action within a public denunciation that invites condemnation of that ascribed action. However, since social media platforms allow for the re-entextualization and subsequent recontextualization of prior posts through which public condemnation has been invited, online public denunciations are themselves inevitably open to recursive recontextualization. It is concluded that online public denunciation is thus an inherently recursive form of social practice.
{"title":"Online public denunciation as recursive social practice","authors":"Michael Haugh","doi":"10.1075/ip.00105.hau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00105.hau","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Incidents of online public shaming commonly start when a record of conduct that is perceived as transgressive by\u0000 either one of the parties to that interaction or a third party observer is posted, in the form of a narrative description,\u0000 photograph, audio/video-recording, screenshot, and so on to an online platform, followed by viral amplification of that online\u0000 public denunciation post through sharing by others within and across platforms. Building on an analysis of 26 incidents of online\u0000 public denunciations of public incivilities it is argued, in this paper, that public denunciations essentially involve inviting\u0000 networked audiences to denounce entextualized moments of conduct, which are recontextualized as not only morally transgressive,\u0000 but as also warranting public condemnation. It is proposed that the procedure by which online public denunciations are\u0000 accomplished is thus recursive, as it not only involves the ascription of action to prior conduct of the target in question that\u0000 construes that prior conduct as transgressive, but the embedding of the ascription of that complainable action within a public\u0000 denunciation that invites condemnation of that ascribed action. However, since social media platforms allow for the\u0000 re-entextualization and subsequent recontextualization of prior posts through which public condemnation has been invited, online\u0000 public denunciations are themselves inevitably open to recursive recontextualization. It is concluded that online public\u0000 denunciation is thus an inherently recursive form of social practice.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"40 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the social action of sanctioning an interlocutor’s conduct in public spaces through social media. Using membership categorisation analysis (Hester and Eglin 1997), we examine how, in offline face-to-face disputes filmed by one party, interactants deploy the name ‘Karen’ to sanction someone and threaten the transposition of the recording onto social media to impose accountability to the public at large. Our findings show how sanctioning through categorising an individual as a ‘Karen’ is interactionally achieved through framing conduct as entitled or otherwise problematic, distinguishing in-situ production of ‘Karen’ from a delivery that is perceptually unavailable to an interlocutor. We explore how social media functions as a resource to shape the ongoing encounter by orienting to the camera, and thus the online audience, as an external authority.
{"title":"“Facebook’s about to know, Karen”","authors":"Linda Walz, Jack B. Joyce, Natalie Flint","doi":"10.1075/ip.00104.wal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00104.wal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores the social action of sanctioning an interlocutor’s conduct in public spaces through social\u0000 media. Using membership categorisation analysis (Hester and Eglin 1997), we examine\u0000 how, in offline face-to-face disputes filmed by one party, interactants deploy the name ‘Karen’ to sanction someone and threaten\u0000 the transposition of the recording onto social media to impose accountability to the public at large. Our findings show how\u0000 sanctioning through categorising an individual as a ‘Karen’ is interactionally achieved through framing conduct as entitled or\u0000 otherwise problematic, distinguishing in-situ production of ‘Karen’ from a delivery that is perceptually\u0000 unavailable to an interlocutor. We explore how social media functions as a resource to shape the ongoing encounter by orienting to\u0000 the camera, and thus the online audience, as an external authority.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"78 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Political crises often lead to the violent use of digital platforms. This text aims to analyze a particular response to that vitriolic discourse on Twitter: political parody. During the institutional crisis and political battle between the government of former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra and the Peruvian Congress between 2017 and 2019, some political actors stood out, but not for good reasons. Karina Beteta, a right-wing Peruvian parliamentarian, used Twitter to interact with people, defend her decisions and attack anyone who did not share her viewpoints. She distinguished herself by tweeting confusing and, according to some, mocking texts. These tweets received an original counter-discourse with the creation of @smartbeteta, a parody account of politics. This paper analyzes the parodic performance by focusing on the pragmatic strategies embedded in @smartbeteta’s tweets and the role adopted by this account in the communication flows.
{"title":"Parody against hate speech","authors":"Marco Trigoso","doi":"10.1075/ip.00101.tri","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00101.tri","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Political crises often lead to the violent use of digital platforms. This text aims to analyze a particular response to that vitriolic discourse on Twitter: political parody. During the institutional crisis and political battle between the government of former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra and the Peruvian Congress between 2017 and 2019, some political actors stood out, but not for good reasons. Karina Beteta, a right-wing Peruvian parliamentarian, used Twitter to interact with people, defend her decisions and attack anyone who did not share her viewpoints. She distinguished herself by tweeting confusing and, according to some, mocking texts. These tweets received an original counter-discourse with the creation of @smartbeteta, a parody account of politics. This paper analyzes the parodic performance by focusing on the pragmatic strategies embedded in @smartbeteta’s tweets and the role adopted by this account in the communication flows.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"30 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Economidou-Kogetsidis, Savić & Halenko (2021): Email Pragmatics and Second Language Learners","authors":"Xinru Ding","doi":"10.1075/ip.00102.din","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00102.din","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since the apparition of the web 2.0, memes have emerged as a form of language that blends visual and linguistic signs in a compressed format. Memes represent a typical production of our postdigital society, insofar as they blur boundaries between the digital and the non-digital, circulate quickly and may have an influence on our society. Memes also participate in the reinterpreting and expressing complex emotions, ideas, and cultural references in a new, condensed form. The aim of this paper is to show how memes convey hateful representations, both through language and visual signs based on popular culture, thus participating in a climate of violence in public discourse. This discourse analysis is based on a case study of memes that present excessive messages, through a particular blend of linguistic and visual utterances.
{"title":"Semiotic excess in memes","authors":"Albin Wagener","doi":"10.1075/ip.00098.wag","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00098.wag","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the apparition of the web 2.0, memes have emerged as a form of language that blends visual and linguistic signs in a compressed format. Memes represent a typical production of our postdigital society, insofar as they blur boundaries between the digital and the non-digital, circulate quickly and may have an influence on our society. Memes also participate in the reinterpreting and expressing complex emotions, ideas, and cultural references in a new, condensed form. The aim of this paper is to show how memes convey hateful representations, both through language and visual signs based on popular culture, thus participating in a climate of violence in public discourse. This discourse analysis is based on a case study of memes that present excessive messages, through a particular blend of linguistic and visual utterances.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina Pahor de Maiti, Jasmin Franza, Darja Fišer
Abstract This study investigates the interplay between commenters’ gender and their language use in Slovene socially unacceptable Facebook comments by inspecting the frequency of opinion markers and impoliteness triggers, and the pragmatic functions of opinion markers which were investigated according to a newly developed typology. The analysis shows statistically significant differences between men and women in their formulation of opinions and use of impoliteness triggers. Comments written by men are characteristically formed as fact-like covert opinions and contain explicit impoliteness triggers (e.g., insults). Comments written by women are formed as overt opinions explicitly encoding subjectivity and include implicit impoliteness triggers (e.g., tropes). A common feature is the use of opinion markers as self-oriented face-saving devices. But while men use opinion markers to explicitly communicate their desire to save face, women use them to perform face-saving implicitly.
{"title":"Haters in the spotlight","authors":"Kristina Pahor de Maiti, Jasmin Franza, Darja Fišer","doi":"10.1075/ip.00093.pah","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00093.pah","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the interplay between commenters’ gender and their language use in Slovene socially unacceptable Facebook comments by inspecting the frequency of opinion markers and impoliteness triggers, and the pragmatic functions of opinion markers which were investigated according to a newly developed typology. The analysis shows statistically significant differences between men and women in their formulation of opinions and use of impoliteness triggers. Comments written by men are characteristically formed as fact-like covert opinions and contain explicit impoliteness triggers (e.g., insults). Comments written by women are formed as overt opinions explicitly encoding subjectivity and include implicit impoliteness triggers (e.g., tropes). A common feature is the use of opinion markers as self-oriented face-saving devices. But while men use opinion markers to explicitly communicate their desire to save face, women use them to perform face-saving implicitly.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper analyzes how a series of online COVID-19-related discussions in a public social media group divided a community consisting of part-time and permanent residents. The group is a general discussion forum aimed at the inhabitants of a relatively small Finnish municipality. The discussions took place in March-April 2020, and the recurring topic was the potential danger posed by holiday home owners, who permanent residents feared would bring the virus with them. The discussions escalated quickly, and several threads went on simultaneously for some weeks. In the discussions, an ingroup and an outgroup were instantly formed. The material is analyzed from the point of view of categorization analysis, hate speech and metapragmatics. I examine the course of the discussions, and topics such as responsible behavior, health, and money. In addition, I also examine the metapragmatic utterances and sequences, which steadily increased during the discussions, and take a critical stance toward them. The research method employed will be qualitative content analysis.
{"title":"When your neighbor becomes a threat","authors":"Mari Pakkala-Weckström","doi":"10.1075/ip.00095.pak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00095.pak","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes how a series of online COVID-19-related discussions in a public social media group divided a community consisting of part-time and permanent residents. The group is a general discussion forum aimed at the inhabitants of a relatively small Finnish municipality. The discussions took place in March-April 2020, and the recurring topic was the potential danger posed by holiday home owners, who permanent residents feared would bring the virus with them. The discussions escalated quickly, and several threads went on simultaneously for some weeks. In the discussions, an ingroup and an outgroup were instantly formed. The material is analyzed from the point of view of categorization analysis, hate speech and metapragmatics. I examine the course of the discussions, and topics such as responsible behavior, health, and money. In addition, I also examine the metapragmatic utterances and sequences, which steadily increased during the discussions, and take a critical stance toward them. The research method employed will be qualitative content analysis.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preview this online first article: Review of Sadler (2022): Fragmented Narrative: Telling and Interpreting Stories in the Twitter Age, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/ip.00099.aka/ip.00099.aka-1.gif
{"title":"Review of Sadler (2022): Fragmented Narrative: Telling and Interpreting Stories in the Twitter Age","authors":"Melike Akay","doi":"10.1075/ip.00099.aka","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00099.aka","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this online first article: Review of Sadler (2022): Fragmented Narrative: Telling and Interpreting Stories in the Twitter Age, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1075/ip.00099.aka/ip.00099.aka-1.gif","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Examples of posts from three Finnish (236 posts) and one French (410 posts) discussion threads are analyzed with regard to lexicon, grammar, speech acts, and topoi. The aim is to illustrate the different means used to express hatred or speech pertaining to ideological and thematic spaces in which the expression of hatred may be legitimized. The examples represent everyday discourse, which is an influential arena for the materialization of ideologies. Given the lack of linguistic and discursive tools used exclusively to express or legitimize hatred, doing research on hate speech always entails taking a specific ideological stance: neither linguistics nor pragmatics or discourse studies can provide a definition of hate speech that is valid in all contexts. Triangulating different methodological and theoretical perspectives is necessary to produce convincing research results.
{"title":"Linguistic and discursive properties of hate speech and speech facilitating the expression of hatred","authors":"Simo K. Määttä","doi":"10.1075/ip.00094.maa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00094.maa","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Examples of posts from three Finnish (236 posts) and one French (410 posts) discussion threads are analyzed with regard to lexicon, grammar, speech acts, and topoi. The aim is to illustrate the different means used to express hatred or speech pertaining to ideological and thematic spaces in which the expression of hatred may be legitimized. The examples represent everyday discourse, which is an influential arena for the materialization of ideologies. Given the lack of linguistic and discursive tools used exclusively to express or legitimize hatred, doing research on hate speech always entails taking a specific ideological stance: neither linguistics nor pragmatics or discourse studies can provide a definition of hate speech that is valid in all contexts. Triangulating different methodological and theoretical perspectives is necessary to produce convincing research results.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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