R. Heerik, Ellen Droog, Melanie Jong Tjien Fa, C. Burgers
Metaphor production is a creative process of thinking out of the box, which can be of great communicative value to language users. In this study, we explored how metaphor production can be stimulated by different types of cues in an internet environment. Participants (N = 318) were invited to co-create a metaphorical campaign slogan in a social media setting with randomly selected sets of real campaign slogans. We measured how linguistic (metaphor markers) and social media cues (likes) prompt direct metaphor. Results show that the metaphor marker ‘so’ stimulated metaphor production. Likes for previously posted metaphorical slogans did not affect the creation of a metaphor. We found a correlation between the actual and self-perceived creativity of the co-created slogans. Besides, the co-created metaphors both echoed and deviated from previously posted campaign slogans, leading to different degrees of creativity. Co-creation in a social media setting seems a fruitful environment for metaphor production.
{"title":"Thinking out of the box","authors":"R. Heerik, Ellen Droog, Melanie Jong Tjien Fa, C. Burgers","doi":"10.1075/IP.00049.HEE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IP.00049.HEE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metaphor production is a creative process of thinking out of the box, which can be of great communicative value to\u0000 language users. In this study, we explored how metaphor production can be stimulated by different types of cues in an internet\u0000 environment. Participants (N = 318) were invited to co-create a metaphorical campaign slogan in a social media\u0000 setting with randomly selected sets of real campaign slogans. We measured how linguistic (metaphor markers) and social media cues\u0000 (likes) prompt direct metaphor. Results show that the metaphor marker ‘so’ stimulated metaphor production. Likes for previously\u0000 posted metaphorical slogans did not affect the creation of a metaphor. We found a correlation between the actual and\u0000 self-perceived creativity of the co-created slogans. Besides, the co-created metaphors both echoed and deviated from previously\u0000 posted campaign slogans, leading to different degrees of creativity. Co-creation in a social media setting seems a fruitful\u0000 environment for metaphor production.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the ways in which multiple modern communication technologies facilitate, across time and space, the maintenance of a close interpersonal relationship between two best friends. The analysis, which focuses mainly on the openings and closings of the different types of communications, reveals a tendency for the friends to shorten openings and extend closings. However, this is possible only if the friends are fully aware of, and care about, the practical, social and emotional details of each other’s lives during periods of absence. The concomitant linguistic behaviours in their interpersonal interactions could be described as a kind of pragmatics of intimacy which cannot be achieved without the explicit and practical demonstration of that mutual care and concern.
{"title":"A pragmatics of intimacy","authors":"R. M. Reiter, D. Frohlich","doi":"10.1075/IP.00044.MAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IP.00044.MAR","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the ways in which multiple modern communication technologies facilitate, across time and space, the maintenance of a close interpersonal relationship between two best friends. The analysis, which focuses mainly on the openings and closings of the different types of communications, reveals a tendency for the friends to shorten openings and extend closings. However, this is possible only if the friends are fully aware of, and care about, the practical, social and emotional details of each other’s lives during periods of absence. The concomitant linguistic behaviours in their interpersonal interactions could be described as a kind of pragmatics of intimacy which cannot be achieved without the explicit and practical demonstration of that mutual care and concern.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41744187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Migration is often seen as crossing both space and time, from the traditional past to the modern present, while leading to perceived changes in migrants themselves. This article draws on data from a large ethnographic project to explore the ways in which Chinese translocal families dispersed between China, Hong Kong and the UK exploit mobile messaging apps to negotiate the post-migration value of Chinese-ness and Chinese tradition in geographically dispersed family and social contexts. Drawing on the concept of the mobile chronotope, we show how Chinese families and friends employ textual and multimodal resources to negotiate mobile chronotopes of (non)modernity in translocal mobile messaging interactions. Our discourse analysis focuses on critical junctures at which modernist chronotopic negotiations are most visible. The article contributes to an understanding of the discursive construction of multiple (non)modernities by showing how migrants (re)position themselves along a gradient of chronotopic modernity in everyday mobile messaging encounters.
{"title":"Chronotopic (non)modernity in translocal mobile messaging among Chinese migrants in the UK","authors":"Agnieszka Lyons, Caroline Tagg, R. Hu","doi":"10.1075/ip.00043.lyo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00043.lyo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Migration is often seen as crossing both space and time, from the traditional past to the modern present, while\u0000 leading to perceived changes in migrants themselves. This article draws on data from a large ethnographic project to explore the\u0000 ways in which Chinese translocal families dispersed between China, Hong Kong and the UK exploit mobile messaging apps to negotiate\u0000 the post-migration value of Chinese-ness and Chinese tradition in geographically dispersed family and social contexts. Drawing on\u0000 the concept of the mobile chronotope, we show how Chinese families and friends employ textual and multimodal\u0000 resources to negotiate mobile chronotopes of (non)modernity in translocal mobile messaging interactions. Our\u0000 discourse analysis focuses on critical junctures at which modernist chronotopic negotiations are most visible. The article\u0000 contributes to an understanding of the discursive construction of multiple (non)modernities by showing how migrants (re)position\u0000 themselves along a gradient of chronotopic modernity in everyday mobile messaging encounters.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43970627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses to what extent people can convey and understand intentions and messages in Monster Strike, which has only one tool for intentional messaging – called ‘good job’ (GJ) – to send messages to other players, and it is, therefore, interesting to analyze how players exchange ideas and infer each other’s communicative intentions using a limited means of communication towards a common goal. This paper describes the significance of GJ first through an analysis of actual game playing, with supplemental information from players’ discussion spaces on line. The communications encompass (1) the original meaning (i.e., ‘good job’); (2) extended interpretations; and (3) an attention signal, with shared temporary and cumulative knowledge of the game and the players’ own dispositions.
{"title":"How much reading between the lines is there in online game playing?","authors":"Noboru Sakai","doi":"10.1075/ip.00039.sak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00039.sak","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discusses to what extent people can convey and understand intentions and messages in Monster Strike,\u0000 which has only one tool for intentional messaging – called ‘good job’ (GJ) – to send messages to other players, and it is,\u0000 therefore, interesting to analyze how players exchange ideas and infer each other’s communicative intentions using a limited means\u0000 of communication towards a common goal. This paper describes the significance of GJ first through an analysis of actual game\u0000 playing, with supplemental information from players’ discussion spaces on line. The communications encompass (1) the original\u0000 meaning (i.e., ‘good job’); (2) extended interpretations; and (3) an attention signal, with shared temporary and cumulative\u0000 knowledge of the game and the players’ own dispositions.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Z. Kadar has been the most vocal scholar of ritual in the field of pragmatics. His recently published monograph epitomises his ground-breaking exploration of the broad interface that exists between politeness, impoliteness and ritual. Its aim is to provide a research framework that captures the interface area. Specifically, it sets up the first (im)politeness-focused interactional model of ritual. Ritual is not a completely new concept for politeness researchers due to the fundamental impact of the works of renowned sociologist Erving Goffman (1955, 1967) on the theorising of politeness. Brown and Levinson (1978/1987) loosely adopted the notion of face from Goffman to build their seminal theory of politeness, which has been widely adopted and criticised, and recently there has been a call to return to the original Goffmanian notion of face (see Wang and Spencer-Oatey 2015 for a detailed discussion). Goffman used ritual to refer to all types of interpersonal interactions that involve face work. Within politeness research, it is Kadar and colleagues who, through a series of published studies (e.g. Kadar 2013; Kadar and de la Cruz 2016; Kadar and Ran 2015; Kadar and Robinson Davies 2016), have brought ritual to the fore of our attention. This volume defines it as a recurrent, emotively invested action that reinforces or transforms interpersonal relationships (p.12). Kadar’s definition is somewhat different from Goffman’s in that it aims to ‘capture the formal and functional interactional characteristics of ritual practices from the politeness researchers’ data-driven perspective’ (p.54). By focusing on the relational function of ritual action, Kadar approaches this phenomenon through an analysis of its role in maintaining a perceived communal moral order in interactions.
丹尼尔·z·卡达尔是语用学领域研究仪式的权威学者。他最近出版的专著集中体现了他对礼貌、不礼貌和仪式之间广泛界面的开创性探索。它的目的是提供一个捕捉界面区域的研究框架。具体而言，它建立了第一个以礼貌为中心的仪式互动模型。礼仪对于礼貌研究者来说并不是一个全新的概念，因为著名社会学家欧文·戈夫曼(Erving Goffman, 1955,1967)的研究对礼貌的理论化产生了根本性的影响。Brown和Levinson(1978/1987)粗略地采用了Goffman的面子概念来构建他们的开创性礼貌理论，该理论被广泛采用和批评，最近有一种呼吁回归到最初的Goffmanian面子概念(参见Wang和Spencer-Oatey 2015年的详细讨论)。戈夫曼用仪式来指代所有涉及面部表情的人际互动。在礼貌研究中，卡达尔及其同事通过一系列已发表的研究(如卡达尔2013;卡达尔和德拉克鲁兹2016;Kadar and Ran 2015;卡达尔和罗宾逊戴维斯2016)，把仪式带到我们关注的前沿。本卷将其定义为一种经常性的、情感投入的行为，可以加强或改变人际关系(第12页)。Kadar的定义与Goffman的定义有些不同，因为它旨在“从礼貌研究人员的数据驱动角度捕捉仪式实践的形式和功能互动特征”(第54页)。通过关注仪式行为的关系功能，卡达尔通过分析其在互动中维持感知的公共道德秩序方面的作用来研究这一现象。
{"title":"Dániel Z. Kádár, Politeness, Impoliteness and Ritual: Maintaining the Moral Order in Interpersonal Interaction","authors":"Jiayi Wang","doi":"10.1075/ip.00034.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00034.wan","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Z. Kadar has been the most vocal scholar of ritual in the field of pragmatics. His recently published monograph epitomises his ground-breaking exploration of the broad interface that exists between politeness, impoliteness and ritual. Its aim is to provide a research framework that captures the interface area. Specifically, it sets up the first (im)politeness-focused interactional model of ritual. Ritual is not a completely new concept for politeness researchers due to the fundamental impact of the works of renowned sociologist Erving Goffman (1955, 1967) on the theorising of politeness. Brown and Levinson (1978/1987) loosely adopted the notion of face from Goffman to build their seminal theory of politeness, which has been widely adopted and criticised, and recently there has been a call to return to the original Goffmanian notion of face (see Wang and Spencer-Oatey 2015 for a detailed discussion). Goffman used ritual to refer to all types of interpersonal interactions that involve face work. Within politeness research, it is Kadar and colleagues who, through a series of published studies (e.g. Kadar 2013; Kadar and de la Cruz 2016; Kadar and Ran 2015; Kadar and Robinson Davies 2016), have brought ritual to the fore of our attention. This volume defines it as a recurrent, emotively invested action that reinforces or transforms interpersonal relationships (p.12). Kadar’s definition is somewhat different from Goffman’s in that it aims to ‘capture the formal and functional interactional characteristics of ritual practices from the politeness researchers’ data-driven perspective’ (p.54). By focusing on the relational function of ritual action, Kadar approaches this phenomenon through an analysis of its role in maintaining a perceived communal moral order in interactions.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44730808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Across the countries of the world, Japan can rightly claim to be a great “Twitter nation” (Akimoto 2011). Japanese people like to tweet anytime and anywhere. Although the popularity of Twitter in Japan is often associated with the large information capacity of Japanese character sets (Wagner 2013),Neubig and Duh (2013)prove that this is not necessarily the case. Our research compares two sets of data (300 tweets for each) posted by Japanese and Americans, and demonstrates that Japanese tweets contain more monologic features, or show a higher degree of monologicity, than Americans’ tweets. Also, more than 60% of the sentence-ending forms in the Japanese tweets do not encode explicit addressee orientation. The study reveals that it is not the Japanese unique character sets, but the grammatical devices for monologization that linguistically allow Japanese users to enjoy the fullest benefits of online anonymity and addressee underspecification provided by Twitter.
{"title":"Why is Twitter so popular in Japan?","authors":"Mitsuko Narita Izutsu, Katsunobu Izutsu","doi":"10.1075/IP.00030.IZU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IP.00030.IZU","url":null,"abstract":"Across the countries of the world, Japan can rightly claim to be a great “Twitter nation” (Akimoto 2011). Japanese people like to tweet anytime and anywhere. Although the popularity of Twitter in Japan is often associated with the large information capacity of Japanese character sets (Wagner 2013),Neubig and Duh (2013)prove that this is not necessarily the case. Our research compares two sets of data (300 tweets for each) posted by Japanese and Americans, and demonstrates that Japanese tweets contain more monologic features, or show a higher degree of monologicity, than Americans’ tweets. Also, more than 60% of the sentence-ending forms in the Japanese tweets do not encode explicit addressee orientation. The study reveals that it is not the Japanese unique character sets, but the grammatical devices for monologization that linguistically allow Japanese users to enjoy the fullest benefits of online anonymity and addressee underspecification provided by Twitter.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46758334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile messaging is considered as a prominent site for phatic communication, where interpersonal connection is often foregrounded over information transaction. Though frequently overlooked, a large amount of this interpersonal work is done nonverbally through regular and meaningful emoji use. This exploratory study deals with emoji use within Laver’s (1975) phatic token framework, showing that different relationship structures (e.g., status-differential vs. solidary) correspond to distinct phatic token norms. The article analyzes phatic emoji use in a small-scale corpus of WhatsApp interactions between (a) a teacher and her L2-English students and (b) a teacher and her friends/family. Qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal patterns which widely corroborate Laver’s account of socially marked and unmarked token options: the teacher, the students, and the friends/family members tend towards addressee-specific use of neutral, other-oriented, and self-oriented phatic emojis.
{"title":"A study of phatic emoji use in WhatsApp communication","authors":"Bethany Aull","doi":"10.1075/IP.00029.AUL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IP.00029.AUL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mobile messaging is considered as a prominent site for phatic\u0000 communication, where interpersonal connection is often foregrounded over information transaction. Though frequently overlooked, a large amount of this interpersonal work is done\u0000 nonverbally through regular and meaningful emoji use. This exploratory study\u0000 deals with emoji use within Laver’s (1975) phatic token\u0000 framework, showing that different relationship structures (e.g., status-differential vs. solidary) correspond to distinct phatic token norms. The article analyzes phatic emoji use in a small-scale corpus of\u0000 WhatsApp interactions between (a) a teacher and her\u0000 L2-English students and (b) a teacher and her friends/family. Qualitative\u0000 and quantitative analyses reveal patterns which widely corroborate Laver’s\u0000 account of socially marked and unmarked token options: the teacher, the\u0000 students, and the friends/family members tend towards addressee-specific use of neutral,\u0000 other-oriented, and self-oriented phatic emojis.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and Genres 978-90-272-4281-5
本文综述了跨时空、跨流派的当代仇恨与激进主义话语978-90-272-4281-5
{"title":"Monika Kopytowska, ed. Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and\u0000 Genres","authors":"Gintaras Dautartas","doi":"10.1075/ip.00037.dau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00037.dau","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Contemporary Discourses of Hate and Radicalism across Space and Genres 978-90-272-4281-5","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46927389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes humorous comments created through a popular viewing-and-commenting system used in China and Japan, known as danmu (or danmaku). This system enables its users to superimpose anonymous comments on the video frame, which are displayed in subsequent viewing. We collected 327 user-selected ‘funniest’ screenshots of comments from danmu video sharing sites. Using content and discourse analysis, we re-contextualized the comments and identified main mechanisms of humor. Results show that speakers make fun of the plot, characters and of each other, relating to the video frame, Chinese culture and Japanese fandom. They rely on non-aggressive but rather playful teasing, allusions and retorts, and apply multimodal resources such as color, layout, and symbols to enhance the humorous effect. Our study contributes to the emerging research focus on multimodal humor (Yus 2016), social semiotics and a discursive approach to danmu-mediated communication.
{"title":"“The murderer is him ✓”","authors":"L. Zhang, Daniel Cassany","doi":"10.1075/ip.00038.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00038.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyzes humorous comments created through a popular viewing-and-commenting system used in China and Japan, known as danmu (or danmaku). This system enables its users to superimpose anonymous comments on the video frame, which are displayed in subsequent viewing. We collected 327 user-selected ‘funniest’ screenshots of comments from danmu video sharing sites. Using content and discourse analysis, we re-contextualized the comments and identified main mechanisms of humor. Results show that speakers make fun of the plot, characters and of each other, relating to the video frame, Chinese culture and Japanese fandom. They rely on non-aggressive but rather playful teasing, allusions and retorts, and apply multimodal resources such as color, layout, and symbols to enhance the humorous effect. Our study contributes to the emerging research focus on multimodal humor (Yus 2016), social semiotics and a discursive approach to danmu-mediated communication.","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internet pragmatics and the future","authors":"Francisco Yus","doi":"10.1075/IP.00022.YUS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/IP.00022.YUS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36241,"journal":{"name":"Internet Pragmatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43360532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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